Challenges of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Children in Coastal Areas: A Literature Review on Prevalence and Risk Factors

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Background: Intestinal Parasitic Infections (IPIs), particularly soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), remain a significant burden for children in low-and middle-income countries. Coastal ecosystems that characterized by sandy soil, high water tables, and tidal flooding, present unique ecological determinants that create transmission pathways distinct from inland settings.

Methods: This review synthesizes data from over 50 studies (2000–2025), specifically focusing on coastal settlements, fishermen villages, and tidal flood-prone areas across Indonesia and Southeast Asia.

Results: Findings indicate that coastal children face elevated risks, with STH prevalence in Indonesian hotspots reaching 30%–70%. While Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides dominate due to humidity, sandy terrains specifically favor the persistence of hookworms and Strongyloides. Crucially, high water tables and tidal inundation render conventional sanitation (pit latrines/septic tanks) ineffective, causing direct fecal contamination of the environment.

Conclusion: Standard terrestrial sanitation is maladapted to coastal hydrological contexts. Mitigation requires the deployment of amphibious infrastructure, such as the Tripikon-S system and elevated latrines, combined with targeted behavioral change communication to disrupt littoral transmission cycles.

Pseudo Students’ Thinking Process in Solving Function Composition Inverse Problems Based on Piaget’s Theory

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The purpose of this study was to describe the pseudo-thinking process of students in solving inverse function composition problems based on Piaget’s theory. This study was descriptive qualitative research. Subjects were selected using purposive sampling, with two 11th-grade students from MAN 3 Banyuwangi participating in the study. The instruments used were mathematics tests and interview guidelines. Data collection techniques included test sheets with think-aloud, followed by interviews, which were then analyzed and described. Data analysis techniques employed the Miles and Huberman procedure, which consisted of data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The data validity technique used triangulation methods. The test used in this study consisted of two questions. The results showed that students who think pseudo-correctly or pseudo-incorrectly tend to experience many assimilation processes in Piaget’s stages. Students who think pseudo-correctly continue to experience assimilation, so they will only be in a state of disequilibrium. Students who think pseudo-incorrectly initially experience many assimilation processes, followed by disequilibrium, but can reach a state of equilibrium. Individuals with pseudo-wrong thinking have a more effective accommodation process than those with pseudo-right thinking. Thus, students with pseudo-right thinking tend to go through two Piaget stages in solving inverse function composition problems, while students with pseudo-wrong thinking go through all four Piaget stages.

Building First-Line Leadership in Contract Research Organizations: Senior Leaders’ Perspectives on Critical Transition Competencies

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Transitioning from Individual Contributor (IC) to First-Line Manager (FLM) is a pivotal career shift in Contract Research Organizations (CROs), where technical excellence alone does not guarantee leadership effectiveness. In the high-stakes, highly regulated clinical research environment, failure to navigate this transition leads to significant organizational costs and risks to trial integrity. This study examines the behavioral and strategic competencies senior leaders regard as critical for successful FLM transitions and for sustaining performance in clinical research. Utilizing reflexive thematic analysis, the study draws on semi-structured interviews with 10 senior leaders across diverse CRO functions to identify patterned meanings in the accounts of effective versus struggling new managers. Six interlocking themes emerged: (1) Emotional Intelligence and Self-Management, (2) Team Building and People Management, (3) Communication and Interpersonal Skills, (4) Leadership and Strategic Skills, (5) Coaching, Mentoring, and Support Systems, and (6) Technical and Analytical Skills. Across these domains, behavioural and strategic capabilities were viewed as decisive differentiators, with technical expertise necessary but insufficient for success. The findings position the IC‑to‑FLM transition as a fundamental identity shift toward relational and strategic leadership. The study offers implications for leadership theory in high‑risk knowledge‑intensive settings and provides actionable guidance for CROs, including strengthening promotion criteria, designing structured onboarding and mentoring, and integrating behavioural assessments into talent identification to reinforce the leadership pipeline.

Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Naibonat Primary Health Center Staff

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Background: Musculoskeletal disorders indicate problems with the musculoskeletal system, which includes bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and nerves. Discomfort in the musculoskeletal system is often felt in the neck, shoulders, arms, hands, back, waist, and lower body muscles. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) experienced by workers in community health centers can reduce productivity, increase absenteeism, and decrease the quality of health services.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between occupational and individual risk factors and the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers at the Naibonat Public Health Center, Indonesia.This study applied an observational quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The sample was taken using random sampling techniques with a total of 50 samples. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the Contingency Coefficient test and Spearman’s rank correlation test with the help of the SPSS program.

Result: The results of the analysis showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers was 72% at a low-risk level, 24% at a moderate-risk level, and 4% at a high-risk level. No significant associations were found between individual factors (age, sex, and body mass index) and the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (p > 0.05). In contrast, occupational factors including work posture and length of service showed significant associations with musculoskeletal disorders (p < 0.05), while daily working duration was not significantly associated (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: MSD among workers at the Naibonat Public Health Center were predominantly at a low-risk level. Work posture and length of service were significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders, highlighting the need for periodic ergonomic evaluations, posture training, regular stretching exercises, and promotion of physical fitness among primary healthcare workers.

The Using Animation Tutors based on Phase One Picture Exchange Communication System to Improve Vocabulary Skills with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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This study evaluates the web-based Animated Tutor PECS (AT-PECS) using the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) method as a means to increase the ability to initiate communication independently in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The objects of this study were children under 5 years of age who had ASD with limited communication skills before being treated using the AT-PECS application. Methods:This study designed an alternating treatment to examine the use of AT-PECS as the primary technique for improving students’ abilities with PECS and increasing students’ independent communication initiatives. Results: The results obtained from this study indicate that students can accept the use of the PECS method for learning and show an increase in communication initiative skills independently, but the speed in improving vocabulary looks faster when using the AT-PECS application. Conclussion: The study indicate that using the PECS intervention method with the help of ATA can improve the communication skills of ASD children and improve verbal abilities to a certain extent.​

Transforming the Accounting Profession in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Analysis of Challenges, Opportunities, and Competency Roadmaps for Indonesian Accounting Graduates

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Objective: This study aims to analyze the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration on the accounting profession in Indonesia, with a focus on identifying adaptation challenges, emerging career opportunities, and developing competency recommendations for preparing accounting graduates.

Method: This study uses a systematic literature review with a descriptive-analytical approach. Primary data sources consist of 15 research articles, institutional publications (such as the Indonesian Institute of Accountants), and current media analysis (2024-2025) discussing accounting, AI, and the future of work [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].

Key Findings: The analysis shows that AI automates routine accounting tasks [4], but paradoxically opens up new strategic roles such as financial data analysts, cyber auditors, and sustainability consultants [2, 3]. The main challenge lies in the digital competency gap [5]. This study identifies a critical need for a hybrid curriculum that combines traditional accounting skills, data literacy (such as the use of Power BI, basic Python), and soft skills such as critical thinking and ethics [1, 6, 7, 8].

Conclusion: The future of the accounting profession is not replacement by machines, but rather an evolution towards human-AI collaboration [9]. The success of accounting graduates is determined by adaptability, continuous learning, and mastery of a unique combination of technical, digital, and strategic competencies [10, 14].

Development of a Low-Cost Dermoscope with Cross Polarization for Visual Inspection and Digital Imaging

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This paper describes the development of a digital dermoscope with cross polarization as an auxiliary instrument to help dermatologists diagnose pigmented skin lesions, allowing the visualization of skin pigmentation structures in the epidermis and dermis. The device consists of a low-cost digital microscope with a modified optical system, in which linear polarizers and a rotation system have been added to cross the transmission axes of the polarizers. As a result, this device obtains images of the skin in situ, greatly eliminates the specular reflection of the skin’s surface layer, making it possible to visualize deeper layers such as capillary blood vessels and internal pigments.

Development of Learning Tools with Didactic Situation Design to Improve Student Learning Outcomes

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This study aims to develop learning tools consisting of teaching modules, student worksheets (LKPD), and learning outcome tests using a problem-based learning model with valid, practical, and effective didactic situations. This study is a development study using Thiagarajan’s 4D development model. Data collection techniques used include observation of the implementation of learning tools, student observation, student test results, and student response questionnaires. The research subjects consisted of 31 students in the trial class, 31 students in the experimental class, and 31 students in the control class. The findings from this study are that the learning tools developed are valid, practical, and effective. Validity was obtained from the validity coefficients of the teaching modules, student worksheets, and numeracy test questions, which were 4.66, 4.50, and 4.29, respectively. The practicality criteria were obtained from the results of a practicality analysis based on observations of the implementation of the learning tools, student observations, and student response questionnaires, which were 91.1% in the very good category, 89% in the good category, and 90.04% in the very positive category, respectively. The effectiveness criteria were based on the results of the learning outcome test analysis, which obtained 83.87% with an average N-Gain score increase of 0.73 in the very high category. Another finding from this study is that the learning tools developed had a significant effect on improving student learning outcomes, as shown by the average N-Gain score of the experimental class of 0.77 in the high category and the average N-Gain score of the control class of 0.65 in the moderate category. Based on statistical tests in both classes, it was found that the N-Gain scores of the experimental class and the control class obtained Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.01 (đť‘ đť‘–đť‘” <0.05) and the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental class and the control class based on statistical tests obtained Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.016 (đť‘ đť‘–đť‘” <0.05). This indicates that the application of the problem-based learning model with didactic situations to improve student learning outcomes has a significant effect.

Relationship between Principals’ Transformational Leadership Style and Teachers’ Job Commitment in Public Secondary Schools in Kitui County, Kenya

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This study explored the relationship between principals’ transformational leadership style and teachers’ job commitment in public secondary schools in Kitui County, Kenya. Anchored on Transformational Leadership Theory, the study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design integrating descriptive and phenomenological approaches. The target population included 410 schools, 410 principals, 410 deputy principals, and 2,417 teachers. A sample of 243 schools and 343 teachers was obtained using Taro Yamane’s formula. Data collection utilised questionnaires and interview guides, with quantitative data analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and qualitative data analysed thematically. Findings revealed that transformational leadership significantly predicted teachers’ affective and continuance commitment, but not normative commitment. The study recommends strengthening principal leadership training and enhancing inclusive leadership practices.

The Effect of The Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model with Tedido (Telinga Ding- Dong) Media on The Creativity and Science Learning Outcomes of Grade 5 Elementary School Students

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Science (IPA) learning in elementary schools still faces various challenges, particularly the low levels of students’ creativity and cognitive learning outcomes. This condition is influenced by learning practices that tend to be teacher-centered and lack the use of interactive learning media that actively engage students. Therefore, innovative learning models supported by appropriate media are needed to create meaningful and student-centered learning experiences. This study aims to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by Ding-Dong (Tedido) media on the creativity and science learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group post-test only design. The participants were fifth-grade students of SDN Jember Lor 02, divided into an experimental class and a control class. The experimental class was taught using the PBL model assisted by Ding-Dong (Tedido) media, while the control class received conventional instruction. Research instruments consisted of a creativity test measuring fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration, as well as a cognitive learning outcome test in the form of multiple-choice questions. Data were analyzed using prerequisite tests and the independent samples t-test. The results showed that students in the experimental class achieved significantly higher creativity scores and science learning outcomes compared to those in the control class. The findings indicate that the integration of the PBL model with Ding-Dong (Tedido) media effectively promotes active learning, enhances students’ creative thinking, and improves their understanding of science concepts. Thus, the PBL model assisted by Ding-Dong (Tedido) media can be considered an effective alternative for improving creativity and learning outcomes in elementary science education.