Motor Vehicle Growth in Guyana (2000–2025): Statistical Trends, Forecasting, And Infrastructure Implications

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Motor vehicle registrations are a key indicator of transport demand, economic development, and infrastructure pressure. This study examines long-term trends in motor vehicle registrations in Guyana from 2000 to 2025 and generates forecasts for 2026–2030 using time-series modelling, including an ARIMA (0,1,0) model with drift.

The results show a strong and sustained increase in total vehicle registrations over the study period, rising from relatively low levels in the early 2000s to 38,346 vehicles in 2025. Growth is characterised by marked year-to-year volatility but a clear upward structural trend, particularly after the mid-2010s and the post-2020 period. Private cars remain the dominant category throughout, followed by motorcycles, both of which drive the overall expansion of motorisation. Commercial and specialised vehicle categories such as lorries, vans, buses, and hire cars show more moderate and stable growth patterns, reflecting their close link to economic activity.

Correlation analysis reveals consistently strong positive relationships across vehicle categories, indicating broad-based expansion of motorisation rather than isolated growth. Forecast results suggest that total vehicle registrations will continue to rise steadily, increasing from approximately 39,666 in 2026 to 44,948 in 2030. Diagnostic tests confirm the adequacy of the ARIMA model, with residuals behaving as white noise and acceptable forecast accuracy.

Overall, the findings indicate structurally persistent motorisation in Guyana, with significant implications for road infrastructure capacity, transport planning, and sustainable mobility policy.

Economic Aspects of the Essence of Sustainable Marketing

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Sustainable marketing is a strategic approach that combines the economic objectives of businesses with responsibility towards society and the environment. It promotes long-term value creation through ethical business practices, efficient resource management, and the development of trust between companies and consumers. In the context of the modern economy, sustainable marketing has become an essential factor for competitiveness, innovation, and sustainable development. By integrating ecological and social considerations into marketing strategies, organizations can improve their public image, strengthen customer loyalty, and contribute positively to society and the environment.

English Major Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness and Usability of ChatGPT in Learning English Writing Skills

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The rapid development of artificial intelligence has created new opportunities for English language learning, particularly in the development of writing skills. In EFL contexts, ChatGPT has increasingly been used by students to generate ideas, revise drafts, improve language accuracy, and receive immediate writing support. This study investigates English major students’ perceptions of the effectiveness and usability of ChatGPT in learning English writing skills. The participants were 45 English major students from Year 1 to Year 3 at a technology university in the north of Viet Nam. A descriptive survey design was employed, and data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire focusing on two main areas: students’ perceptions of ChatGPT’s effectiveness in supporting English writing development and their attitudes toward its general usability. The findings showed that students generally perceived ChatGPT as an effective tool for learning writing skills, particularly in generating ideas, revising drafts, improving grammar accuracy, developing vocabulary, enhancing sentence structures, understanding writing mistakes, and increasing writing confidence. In terms of usability, students reported positive attitudes toward ChatGPT because it was easy to use, convenient, fast, accessible, and useful for independent writing practice outside class. However, some concerns were also identified, including the possibility of inaccurate or unsuitable suggestions and students’ over-dependence on AI-generated support. The study concludes that ChatGPT can be a useful supplementary tool in English writing learning when used critically and ethically. It also highlights the important role of teacher guidance in helping students use ChatGPT effectively while maintaining independent thinking and responsibility for their own writing development.

 

The Role of Competitive Advantage in Mediating the Causal Relationship Between Business Innovation, Entrepreneurial Orientation, And MSME Performance

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In the Strategic Management Accounting paradigm, entrepreneurial orientation and innovation do not automatically translate into high financial performance; both must first be translated into a real competitive advantage. Management accounting validates this advantage by comparing competitor accounting—evaluating whether innovation has successfully positioned the MSME’s cost structure lower than competitors’ (cost leadership) or created unique value that justifies a premium price in the market. This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the causal relationships among the constructs of competitive advantage, entrepreneurial orientation, business innovation, and MSME performance. This research was conducted through a survey, with questionnaires distributed to respondents who met the purposive sampling criteria. The data used in this study are classified as primary data. The objects of this research are four latent variables/constructs, each with 20 reflective indicators. This study explores the perceptions of respondents, comprising MSME entrepreneurs at the managerial level (owners or managers) engaged in the culinary business, fashion, basic necessities, and household utensils. The survey was conducted on MSMEs operating in the provinces of Banten, Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java. A total of 88 valid data points were collected and are ready for processing. This research applies a structural equation model with partial least squares. MS Excel and SmartPLS-v. 3.29 applications were used in data processing and hypothesis testing. All hypotheses regarding the direct effect of exogenous constructs on endogenous constructs have been significantly supported. Regarding the mediating construct, the empirical findings in this study demonstrate that competitive Advantage mediates the causal relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, business innovation, and MSME performance.

Roasting-Assisted Beneficiation of Magnetite–Apatite Ores: Phase Transformations, Phosphorus Partition, And Selective Recovery

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Magnetite–apatite ores constitute important resources of both iron and phosphorus but remain challenging to beneficiate because phosphorus-bearing phases commonly occur as finely disseminated apatite, interstitial aggregates, hydrothermal overgrowths, and complex grain-boundary intergrowths within iron oxide matrices. Roasting-assisted beneficiation has emerged as a promising strategy for modifying iron mineralogy, enhancing magnetic susceptibility, improving mineral liberation, and controlling phosphorus distribution. However, existing studies remain dispersed across the following routes: oxidizing roasting, magnetization roasting, selective reduction, additive-assisted roasting, flotation, leaching, dry beneficiation, and smelting. This critical review examines the interactions among ore texture, oxygen potential, roasting temperature, residence time, degree of reduction, phosphorus migration, and beneficiation performance. Particular attention is given to moderate-temperature reduction (approximately 650–800 °C), which frequently provides a more favorable balance between iron recovery and phosphorus rejection than highly reducing metallization-oriented conditions. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the hematite–magnetite–wüstite–metallic iron transformation are discussed together with phosphorus redistribution mechanisms, including apatite preservation, interfacial diffusion, secondary phosphate formation, metallic iron contamination, slag partitioning, and leaching behavior. Comparative analysis indicates that maximum metallization does not necessarily yield optimal beneficiation outcomes, as excessive reduction often promotes the incorporation of phosphorus into metallic iron. Current industrial implementation remains limited by thermal heterogeneity, atmosphere control, energy consumption, and insufficient pilot-scale validation. Future advances require integrated thermodynamic–microstructural modeling, predictive approaches to phosphorus partitioning, and energy-efficient roasting flowsheets that simultaneously enhance iron recovery and phosphorus management.

Effect of Childhood Sexual Abuse on the Sexual Behaviour of Victims Among Undergraduates of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a major public health problem with long-term consequences on sexual and psychological well-being. Evidence suggests that CSA may influence later sexual behaviors, increasing vulnerability to risky sexual practices in adulthood.

Objective: This study assessed the effect of childhood sexual abuse on the sexual behaviour of victims among undergraduates of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used among 400 undergraduates selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 22. Associations between CSA and sexual behaviors were tested using chi-square at 5% significance level.

Results: The prevalence of CSA was 26.2%. A significantly higher proportion of females experienced CSA (63.8%) compared to males (36.2%). CSA was significantly associated with risky sexual behaviors including pornography use (p = 0.006), sexual orientation (p = 0.015), and history of sexually transmitted infections (p = 0.037). Victims of CSA were more likely to engage in risky sexual and health-compromising behaviors compared to non-victims.

Conclusion: childhood sexual abuse significantly influences sexual behaviour in adulthood, increasing the likelihood of engagement in risky sexual practices among victims. Strengthening prevention programmes, counselling services, and sexual health education in universities is essential.

Effect of Different Rearing Systems on Body Weight Gain and Average Daily Gain in Berari Goats

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The present study was undertaken at the Department of Livestock Production and Management, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, and Punyashloka Ahilyadevi Sheep and Goat Farm at Bondri, Ramtek, Maharashtra, India, for a total duration of 91 days. For the study, 24 growing Berari goats of about six months of age were selected, and were divided into three groups, viz., Intensive group (T0), Semi-intensive group (T1), and Extensive group (T2) of goat rearing systems with eight goats in each group. The results revealed that the T0 Group (Intensive system) (22.08 ± 0.24 Kg) has a significantly higher (p<0.01) body weight than T2 (Extensive) (20.44 ± 0.34 Kg). Goats of T0 have non significantly higher body weight compared to T1 (20.50 ± 0.50 Kg), and goats of T1 group had significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight as compared to T2 group. The average daily gain for the T0 was 112.10 ± 2.96 gm, T1 94.81 ± 2.72 gm, and T2 77.77 ± 3.03 gm.  The weight gain of the goats in the T0 was significantly (p<0.01) higher than T1. The daily weight gain was also significantly (p<0.01) higher in T1 compared to T2.

Effect of Essential Oil-based Teat Spray for Improvement of Teat Health in Dairy Cows

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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of essential oil–based teat spray formulations in improving teat skin and teat end condition in dairy cows affected with subclinical mastitis. The experiment was conducted for 90 days at Gorakshan Sabha, Dhantoli, Nagpur. A total of 71 mid-lactating cows were screened using the Modified California Mastitis Test (MCMT), and 24 cows positive for subclinical mastitis were selected. These animals were randomly assigned to three groups (T1, T2, and T3; n = 8 each). Group T1 received a 2% essential oil–based teat dip, T2 received a 2% essential oil–based teat spray, and T3 received a 1% essential oil–based teat spray post-milking. The formulation comprised eucalyptus, peppermint, lavender, and tea tree essential oils. The results revealed that the teat skin score (TSS) and teat end score (TES) improved in all groups over the 90-day period, with no significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments. By day 90, TSS values improved to 1.125 ± 0.125 (T1), 1.125 ± 0.18 (T2), and 1.250 ± 0.16 (T3). TES values improved to 1.375 ± 0.18 (T1), 1.125 ± 0.125 (T2), and 1.5 ± 0.1 (T3), with the best improvement observed in T2.

Qualitative Study of Household Contacts’ Perceptions of Barriers to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission in the Kedaton Community Health Center Work Area, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

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Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem due to the high potential for transmission to family members living in the same house as the sufferer. Although various health education has been provided, transmission prevention behavior has not been carried out optimally and continuously. This study aims to examine the perception of barriers in household contact families regarding the transmission of pulmonary TB. The study was conducted using a qualitative method through a case study design in the working area of ​​the UPT Kedaton Health Center, Bandar Lampung, Lampung province Indonesia. Research informants consisted of 15 household contact family members, 1 health cadre, and 1 health worker selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed thematically based on the HBM construct. The results of the study indicate that the perception of barriers (perceived barriers) in the prevention and treatment of Pulmonary TB in household contact families still varies. Some informants admitted that they did not experience significant obstacles in carrying out preventive behaviors or accessing health services. Factors of cost, time, and access to health services were considered quite affordable due to the support of health facilities, BPJS, the environment, and family. This study found that perceived barriers were the most dominant factor influencing TB prevention behavior. These barriers included daily habits, environmental influences, social stigma, economic constraints, and low social support, all of which contributed to suboptimal TB prevention behavior. Furthermore, there are still beliefs that TB is caused by hereditary factors or mystical elements such as witchcraft. These findings emphasize the need for communicative, ongoing, and culturally appropriate health education to improve TB prevention behavior among household contacts.

Artificial Intelligence and Human Capital in The Context of Economic Security and Sustainable Development of Tourism

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In the context of increasing global economic instability, accelerated digitalization and increased security requirements, the tourism industry is faced with the need for a radical transformation of management models and the focus of this study is the interaction between intelligent technologies and human capital in the context of risk management, security and organizational resilience. For this purpose, the role of artificial intelligence and human capital as key factors for economic security and sustainable development of tourism is analyzed. Through a theoretical and conceptual approach, the study explores good practices for the integration of artificial intelligence with human capital, contributing to stability, competitiveness and long-term sustainability in the tourism industry. The article argues that sustainable tourism development requires a balanced approach, in which artificial intelligence serves as a supporting tool, while human capital retains its central role in strategic decision-making, ethical management and security management in tourism development. Through a theoretical and conceptual approach and a study of good practices.