Morphological Variability of Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lamk) in Taba Penanjung District, Central Bengkulu Regency

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Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) is widely cultivated in Indonesia and has potential source as food, fruit, vegetable, and industrial raw material. However, scientific information on morphological variation in local jackfruit remains limited, including in Central Bengkulu Regency. This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics of local jackfruit originated from Taba Penanjung District, Central Bengkulu. Ten jackfruit trees representing five accessions were evaluated. Thirty-eight characters, consisting of 14 qualitative and 24 quantitative characters, were observed based on the descriptor of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Data were analyzed using the Gower dissimilarity coefficient and the Average Linkage method ith PBSTAT-CL version 2.2.1. The five accessions were grouped into to clusters at a cophenetic distance of 0.6. Cluster I consisted of Penum, Lubuk Sini, Tanjung Heran, and Bajak accessions, with variations in crown shape (oblong, spherical, elliptical, and broadly pyramidal), leaf blade shape (elliptic, oblong, and narrowly elliptic), and fruit shape (clavate, ellipsoid, spheroid, and oblong). Fruit length in this cluster ranged from 29,75 to 37,10 cm, flesh weight from 425,81 to 460,92 g per 1 kg of fruit, and total soluble solids from 15 to 16,5 °Brix. Cluster II consisted of the Taba Penanjung accession, characterized by a semicircular crown, obovate leaves, and oblong fruit, with a fruit length of 40,6 cm, flesh weight of 300,25 g per 1 kg fruit, and total soluble solids of 11 ºBrix. Tanjung Heran, Bajak, and Taba Penanjung showed a superior potential as germplasm sources for total soluble solids, flesh weight, and fruit size, respectively, for jackfruit breeding program.

Growth of Seedlings of two Oil Palm Varieties (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the Nursery Using two Container Types

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Background: The production of high-quality planting material during the nursery stage is essential for establishing productive, competitive, and sustainable oil palm plantations. Genetic material and container type may influence seedling development.

Objective: To evaluate the growth of seedlings of two oil palm varieties, Deli × Compacta and Compacta × Ghana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), produced using two container types.

Methods: The experiment was conducted in Macuspana, Tabasco, Mexico. Seedling growth was evaluated in two varieties, Deli × Compacta and Compacta × Ghana, using tube containers and plastic bags. A randomized complete block design was established with four treatments and four replications, with 100 seedlings per replication (400 seedlings per treatment; 1,600 seedlings in total). Plant height, number of leaves, and stipe diameter were measured every 15 days over 180 days. The same agronomic management was applied to all treatments. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey’s multiple comparison test.

Results: Significant differences among treatments were detected for the evaluated growth variables. For plant height, T3 (Compacta × Ghana in tube containers; CxGt) showed the greatest value at 180 days, reaching 68.37 ± 0.61 cm. For number of leaves, T1 (Deli × Compacta in tube containers; DxCt) and T3 (Compacta × Ghana in tube containers; CxGt) recorded 12.95 ± 0.11 and 12.38 ± 0.10 leaves, respectively, at 180 days. For stipe diameter, T1 and T2 showed the highest values at 180 days, with 2.21 ± 0.03 and 2.19 ± 0.03 cm, respectively, whereas T4 recorded 1.95 ± 0.02 cm.

Conclusions: Under the conditions evaluated, seedlings produced in tube containers showed greater plant height and number of leaves at the end of the nursery period. Stipe diameter was higher in the Deli × Compacta material than in the Compacta × Ghana material at 180 days. These results support the potential use of tube containers for nursery production.

The Effect of Servant Leadership Behaviors on Performance Outcomes and Job Satisfaction in Public Schools

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Servant leadership is one of the modern leadership theories, and its significance lies in the positive and tangible results it achieves at the individual and institutional levels. This study investigates the effect of servant leadership behaviors on performance outcomes and job satisfaction in public schools in Palestine from the teachers’ point of view, during the first semester of the academic year 2021/2022. A quantitative research methodology was used, specifically the descriptive survey method. The study sample was selected by simple random sampling and consisted of 300 teachers currently working in public schools in Hebron, West Bank. The questionnaire results show that principals of public schools in Hebron practice servant leadership to a high degree. They also indicate a relationship between the application of the servant leadership style and both performance outcomes and job satisfaction. In addition, the statistical analysis showed significant differences in teachers’ estimates of servant leadership attributable to the demographic variables (gender, years of experience, and educational qualification).

Cross-Border Cybercrime and Criminal Jurisdiction: Rethinking Indonesia’s Extraterritorial Enforcement Framework

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The decentralized architecture of cross-border cybercrime, where perpetrators, victims, data infrastructure, and digital evidence concurrently span multiple territories, routinely undermines traditional territoriality principles in criminal law. While Indonesia has expanded its domestic statutory reach through the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law, the New Penal Code (KUHP), the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), the Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) Law, and the Personal Data Protection (PDP) Law, asserting prescriptive jurisdiction does not automatically confer enforcement authority abroad. Unauthorized extraterritorial investigative actions directly violate foreign state sovereignty. This article evaluates the systemic friction between Indonesia’s expansive prescriptive frameworks and the strict territorial limitations governing cross-border evidence gathering and coercive maneuvers. Utilizing a normative-doctrinal method paired with a comparative statutory analysis, this study evaluates contemporary domestic laws against international legal instruments and foreign legal developments. To resolve jurisdictional conflicts, this article constructs a novel Digital Jurisdictional Nexus Test based on five distinct connecting factors: the locus of conduct, victimhood and localized harm, operational data infrastructure, national economic interest, and proximity to the data custodian or service provider. This framework clearly demarcates the legislative capacity to criminalize conduct from the procedural authority to seize electronic evidence globally. Consequently, the study introduces an operational Five-Stage Cross-Border Digital Investigation Protocol navigating nexus verification, sovereignty and comity assessments, evidentiary taxonomy, international cooperation channel selection, and judicial oversight. Finally, this paper evaluates the strategic implications of Indonesia’s September 2026 signature of the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime, mapping out its potential to modernize mutual legal assistance frameworks ahead of its formal ratification and entry into force.

Effect of Environmental Temperature on the Lower Bound of the Entropic Uncertainty Relation in the Presence of Quantum Memory

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Because realistic quantum systems inevitably interact with their surroundings, understanding how environmental factors affect the entropic uncertainty relation remains a major challenge. In this work, we analyze how ambient temperature impacts the lower bound of the memory-assisted entropic uncertainty relation. We model the coupling between the system and its thermal environment using a generalized amplitude damping channel, featuring temperature-dependent parameters. Notably, we find that the uncertainty lower bound drops when the damping parameter (r) decreases, and rises when it increases. By contrast, shifting the parameter) p (yields much smaller variations. This stark difference highlights our main novel finding: in a finite-temperature environment, the lower bound of the entropic uncertainty relation is significantly more sensitive to the damping parameter (r) than to (p). Ultimately, these results offer a clearer look at how thermal reservoirs influence open quantum systems and affect practical quantum information processing.

Achievement Orientation, Personalized Experience, and Social Interaction as Drivers of Purchase Intention: The Mediating Roles of Personal Fulfillment and Social Connectedness in Digital Commerce

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The rapid expansion of digital commerce necessitates engaging consumer experiences beyond functional transactions, highlighting gamification as a critical digital marketing mechanism. This study investigates the impact of gamified experiences on consumers’ Purchase Intention, specifically examining the mediating roles of Personal Fulfillment and Social Connectedness. Drawing upon Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and the Uses and Gratifications (U&G) perspective, the conceptual framework evaluates three gamification design dimensions: Achievement Orientation, Personalized Experience, and Social Interaction. Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 215 digital commerce users via purposive sampling. The structural relationships were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4. The empirical results reveal that Achievement Orientation, Personalized Experience, and Social Interaction significantly enhance both Personal Fulfillment and Social Connectedness. Furthermore, these psychological and social benefits positively drive Purchase Intention, with the social pathway demonstrating the strongest substantive contribution. The findings suggest that digital marketers should design gamified environments that not only facilitate individual accomplishments but also foster meaningful community connections to maximize purchase-related outcomes.

UPI and Consumer Spending Behaviour in India: A Narrative Synthesis of Secondary Data and Existing Survey Evidence

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The system with annual processing of over 24,000 crore transactions and making up a significant proportion of real-time global payments. Despite the existence of many studies on the factors contributing to UPI adoption, little academic scrutiny has been directed towards how UPI usage, which is effortless and invisible, relates to the psychological and behavioral aspects of consumer behavior. In this regard, this paper presents a narrative synthesis of the connection between UPI usage and consumer behavior in India, drawing on secondary data sources based on official transactional level records (NPCI, RBI, PIB) and a review of five earlier survey studies conducted between 2024 and 2025, involving over 800 participants in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and India-wide surveys. The discussion is grounded in concepts from behavioral finance, especially the ‘pain of paying’ theory and mental accounting, along with technological adoption theories including UTAUT and Diffusion of Innovation theory. The results demonstrate a clear trend Unified Payments Interface (UPI), which came to fruition in 2016 under the aegis of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has become the bedrock of India’s retail payments among independent research studies where usage of UPI has been shown to be associated with greater transaction volumes, reduced average ticket value, and an admitted rise in expenditure by the majority of users, especially among young and tech-savvy users in cities, although the extent of this trend differs from study to study (from 58 percent to over 74 percent of those who admit increased expenditure). The paper ends with some policy recommendations for regulators, banks, and fintech developers regarding the trade-off between the benefits of financial inclusion and the dangers of overspending and lack of savings discipline.

Predictive Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance of Grade 12 General Academic Strand Learners

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This study investigated the predictive effects of sleep deprivation on the academic performance and personal behavior of Grade 12 General Academic Strand (GAS) learners at Racman Pimping Maniri Dumarpa (RPMD) National Science High School during the academic year 2023–2024. Adequate sleep is a foundational physiological mechanism necessary for the human brain to function at its maximum capacity, whereas persistent sleep loss severely diminishes vital cognitive skills, alertness, memory, concentration, and general classroom productivity. To examine these complex dynamics within a localized Senior High School context, the researcher utilized a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design. The target population and respondent universe comprised sixty-two (62) officially enrolled Grade 12 GAS learner-respondents, encompassing both male and female. Data collection was systematically executed using a structured survey questionnaire explicitly divided into specific analytical blocks to assess the learner-respondents’ baseline demographic profiles, determine the underlying causes of their late-night habits, and measure the subsequent structural impacts of sleep loss on their academic performance and personal behaviors. To overcome environmental and field tracking difficulties, strategic local tracking methods were successfully employed. Statistical treatment of the gathered data utilized frequency and percentage distributions for baseline demographic sorting; weighted means, standard deviations, and statistical rankings for categorical appraisal; and the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient to establish the statistical significance of relationships between the variables. Preliminary demographic results indicated that the largest portion of the learner population clustered within the 20 to 22 years old bracket (46.77%), followed closely by the 17 to 19 years old cohort (43.55%), demonstrating a predominant late-adolescence profile with unique variations in academic entry age. The outcomes indicated that the subjects routinely endure sleep deprivation during late adolescence. Conclusively, the analytical computations established that the learner-respondents’ baseline profiles and the specific catalysts behind their lack of sleep yielded no statistically significant relationship with their academic ratings or behavioral tendencies. Crucially, the absence of a significant relationship demonstrates that sleep deprivation uniformly affects the entire learner-respondents pool, showing no variance based on demographic traits such as age or sex. This established dataset provides an empirical foundation for understanding the behavioral and cognitive vulnerabilities driven by severe nighttime sleep debt among specialized senior high school learners.

A Resource-Based and Local Wisdom-Based Approach to MBG Program Governance as a Strategy for Community Empowerment at the Local Level

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The Free Nutritious Meals Program (MBG) is a government priority program aimed at improving the nutritional status of the community while promoting local economic empowerment. However, the MBG’s governance structure, which tends to be centralized (top-down), poses challenges in optimizing the utilization of local resources and local wisdom at the implementation level. This study aims to examine patterns of resource utilization and local knowledge in the MBG’s governance through partnerships between Nutrition Service Units (SPPG) and MSME actors in Makassar City. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design across ten SPPGs in Makassar City. Informants were selected using purposive sampling, including SPPG heads/managers and local business partners in the program’s supply chain. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, with data validity ensured through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results indicate that the actors’ involvement is divided into three complementary roles: MSMEs as food suppliers, SPPG personnel as processors, and SPPG heads as quality controllers who actively source suppliers from traditional markets. This partnership has had positive impacts, including stable product demand, market certainty, and expanded business networks for MSMEs, although they still face challenges such as capital constraints, fluctuations in raw material prices, and supply delays. The study concludes that the success of integrating local resources and local wisdom into the governance of the Free Nutritious Meals program in Makassar City depends on strengthening organic partnerships at the SPPG level through mentoring, training, and consistent payment guarantees to local business partners.

Artificial Intelligence in Allied Health Practice: Current Evidence, Emerging Applications, And Implications for Patient Safety

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is moving from experimental research into routine healthcare workflows, including diagnostic support, clinical documentation, rehabilitation, laboratory medicine, medical imaging, patient education, and service management. Allied health professionals are increasingly involved in these AI-enabled pathways, yet evidence and implementation guidance are often concentrated in physician-led specialties. This narrative review synthesises current evidence on the use of AI across allied health practice and examines implications for patient safety, professional accountability, education, and health equity. Literature from peer-reviewed journals and authoritative guidance was considered, with emphasis on clinical applications, implementation barriers, bias, explainability, human-AI interaction, and generative AI. Current evidence supports potential benefits such as workflow support, image interpretation, pattern recognition, personalised rehabilitation, laboratory decision support, documentation assistance, and improved access to health information. However, technical performance alone does not establish clinical effectiveness or safety. Dataset shift, hidden bias, automation bias, inaccurate generated content, privacy risks, poor interoperability, insufficient local validation, and unclear responsibility can introduce new failure modes. Safe adoption should include a defined intended use, representative validation, transparent performance monitoring, user training, incident reporting, privacy safeguards, human oversight, and periodic re-evaluation after deployment. The review concludes that AI has meaningful potential across allied health practice, but sustainable adoption depends on evidence-based governance and continuous patient-safety monitoring rather than technology adoption alone.