Comparative Study of the Liquid Drop and Collective Models for Nuclear Binding and Low-Energy Structural Properties of Selected Nuclei

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This study comparatively evaluates the applicability of the liquid drop and collective nuclear models in describing the energy and structural properties of four selected even–even nuclei, ¹⁵²Sm, ¹⁶⁸Er, ¹³²Sn, and ²⁰⁸Pb. The nuclei were deliberately selected to represent two contrasting structural regimes: deformed, collective systems and nearly spherical, closed-shell systems. The study is a review-based comparative analysis supported by numerical evaluation and validation against published nuclear data. For the liquid-drop description, nuclear binding is considered through the semi-empirical mass-formula framework, including volume, surface, Coulomb, asymmetry, and pairing contributions. The collective description is assessed through low-lying excitation energies, rotational-band systematics, the ratio R₄/₂ = E(4₁⁺)/E(2₁⁺), and the quadrupole deformation parameter β₂. Binding-energy information was taken from the AME2020 evaluation, while level-structure information was drawn from ENSDF/NNDC and IAEA nuclear-data resources. The analyzed values give B/A of 8.24, 8.13, 8.36, and 7.87 MeV for ¹⁵²Sm, ¹⁶⁸Er, ¹³²Sn, and ²⁰⁸Pb, respectively. The corresponding E(2₁⁺) values are 121.8, 79.8, 4041, and 4085 keV, while β₂ is 0.30, 0.34, approximately zero, and approximately zero. The results show that the liquid-drop framework is effective for global binding-energy trends, whereas the collective model provides a more appropriate description of low-energy rotational behavior and deformation in ¹⁵²Sm and ¹⁶⁸Er. Neither framework alone describes all observed features; closed-shell effects require explicit microscopic treatment.

Seanova (Sea Organic Value Innovation) As a Resource Recovery Innovation for Enabling Responsible Food Production: A Case Study in PLN Indonesia Power UBP Adipala

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Irresponsible food production generates organic waste and greenhouse gas emissions that damage the environment, yet resources with potential value are often left unused, particularly Sea organic residue produced from industrial cooling water operations. Research specifically examining how such Sea organic waste can be converted into recovered resources within a responsible food production framework remains limited. This study aims to analyze the mechanism of Seanova, an innovation that transforms Sea organic resources into recovered resources supporting a more responsible food production system. A qualitative method with a case study approach was employed, using secondary data from internal company reports and relevant literature, analyzed descriptively. The results show that Sea biota waste generated from the pump system reached an average of 312 kilograms per year, with a potential emission reduction of 435.7 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per year when properly managed. Monitoring data recorded a total residue of 218 kilograms over an eight-month period. Fish products were found to contribute the highest food loss and waste percentage among animal-based commodities in the region. The processed Sea residue was found to contain minerals suitable as poultry feed ingredients. These findings indicate that Seanova contributes to waste reduction, resource value recovery, and the strengthening of a more sustainable local food production system.

Exercise During Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

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This study investigates the effects of structured exercise on treatment tolerance, physical function, and frailty-related outcomes in adults with colorectal cancer (CRC) receiving chemotherapy, with separate appraisal for older patients to evaluate its potential to support safe and effective treatment delivery. Using a Systematic Review methodology, this study synthesized research published between January 2021 and March 2026 from PubMed, Taylor & Francis Online, and SAGE Journals searched (1 May–1 June 2026). Data were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach, focusing on tolerance, function, fatigue, frailty, quality of life, adherence, and safety, with bias assessed via RoB 2 and ROBINS-I. The findings indicate that of 701 studies screened, 7 reports (5 cohorts) were eligible, with no serious exercise-related adverse events. A geriatric intervention with supervised physiotherapy showed higher chemotherapy completion than usual care (45% vs 28%, p=0.037), though not isolated from concurrent nutritional therapy and medication review. Unsupervised home-based resistance training did not improve relative dose intensity, while function improved most consistently with supervised or progressive resistance programs. Unlike previous review studies, this research integrates tolerance, function, frailty, and safety outcomes into a unified narrative framework specific to the CRC chemotherapy population. The study concludes that structured exercise appears feasible and may preserve physical function, though its independent contribution to treatment tolerance remains undetermined and frailty-specific evidence is limited to one geriatric cohort. Additionally, further research is required to compare exercise delivery models using adequately powered trials and standardized frailty/tolerance measures.

An Empirical Study on High-Quality Development of Vietnam’s Tourism Management Empowered by Chinese Language Services

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With the deepening of economic, trade, cultural and tourism cooperation between China and Vietnam, China has remained the largest source of inbound tourists for Vietnam for consecutive years. Chinese language service capacity has become one of the core elements for the upgrading of Vietnam’s tourism management system. To explore the internal correlation between Chinese language services and the high-quality development of Vietnam’s tourism management, this study adopts questionnaire survey, interview and statistical analysis methods. Taking 320 tourism enterprises, 450 tourism practitioners and 600 Chinese inbound tourists in four core tourist cities of Vietnam (Hanoi, Da Nang, Nha Trang and Ho Chi Minh City) as research samples, this paper systematically analyzes the current situation, existing problems and optimization paths of Chinese language services in Vietnam’s tourism industry. The research results indicate that the coverage rate of Chinese language services in Vietnam’s tourism industry reaches 78.4%, while the qualified rate of professional Chinese language services is only 42.6%. The Chinese proficiency of tourism practitioners, specialized competence in Chinese cultural and tourism services, supporting facilities for bilingual services, and Chinese language service management mechanisms significantly positively influence the travel experience and revisit intention of Chinese tourists (P<0.05). At present, Vietnam’s tourism management faces core challenges including structural shortage of professional Chinese talents, absence of standardized Chinese language service systems, insufficient integration of cultural tourism and language services, and lagging digital Chinese language services. Based on the theories of language economics and service quality management, this study proposes optimization strategies from five dimensions: talent cultivation, standard construction, facility upgrading, mechanism improvement and digital empowerment. The findings aim to improve the language service and management system of Vietnam’s tourism industry, enhance the quality of cross-border cultural and tourism services between China and Vietnam, facilitate the standardized, international and high-quality development of Vietnam’s tourism industry, and provide theoretical references and practical implications for the integrated development of cross-border cultural tourism between the two countries.

Peer Interaction and Emotional Resilience Among Early Adolescents: A Correlational Study of Junior Secondary School Students

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This study aimed to empirically investigate the relationship between peer interaction and emotional resilience among seventh-grade students at MTs As-Salam Palembang. A quantitative research approach was employed in this study. This study employed a quantitative research method. The population consisted of 263 seventh-grade students at MTs As-Salam Palembang, distributed across six classes: 44 students in class VII A, 44 students in class VII B, 44 students in class VII C, 44 students in class VII D, 43 students in class VII E, and 44 students in class VII F. Based on the Isaac and Michael sampling table with a 5% margin of error, 149 students were selected as the research sample. Meanwhile, the remaining 101 students were involved in the instrument tryout Data were collected using questionnaires administered both directly and through online platforms. The research instruments employed a Likert scale consisting of the Emotional Resilience Scale and the Peer Interaction Scale. Based on the results of the simple linear regression analysis, the correlation coefficient was r = 0.508 with a significance value of p = 0.000, indicating a highly significant positive relationship between Peer Interaction and Emotional Resilience among seventh-grade students at MTs As-Salam Palembang. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.258, indicating that Peer Interaction contributed 25.8% to Emotional Resilience, while the remaining 74.2% was influenced by other factors outside the variables examined in this study. There is a very significant relationship between peer interaction and emotional resilience among seventh-grade students at MTs AsSalam Palembang. This means that the better the interaction between students and their peers, the higher their emotional resilience. Conversely, the lower the quality of peer interaction, the lower the students’ emotional resilience tends to be.

From Component Reliability to Dynamic Predictive Reliability: A Multilayer Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems

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The reliability of cyber-physical systems (CPS) cannot be reduced to the failure probability of individual hardware components. Modern industrial, urban, educational and energy CPS combine physical processes, sensors, communication networks, software services, control algorithms, cyber-security mechanisms, human operators and environmental conditions. This paper proposes an integral-predictive view of CPS reliability based on two complementary models: the multilayer integral reliability index of a cyber-physical system (MINKFS) and the dynamic cognitive-predictive reliability model (DKPN). The framework takes different types of signals, converts them into standardized layer indices, combines them using a weighted structure, and updates the current reliability estimate by adding the predicted chance of future failure.  The empirical part uses a synthetic industrial CPS dataset of 336 hourly observations and demonstrates how layer statistics, scenario analysis, operational regimes and criticality rankings can support early warning and preventive decision-making. The model transforms diverse inputs to normalized layer indexes, integrates these using a weighted integrative model, and adds the forecast probability of future failure to the present measure of reliability. The empirical part studies a fabricated data set related to industrial CPS which consists of 336 hourly measurements and provides a demonstration of how layer, scenario, regime and criticality information is used for detection and prevention. It was observed that the cyber-resilience layer had the lowest average reliability as well as the highest critical contribution, whereas communications and environment-energy layers were characterized by high volatility. Cyber event scenario resulted in the lowest predictive reliability and highest likelihood of failure. These results confirm the thesis that reliability of a CPS is better analyzed as a time-dependent, interpretable, and scenario-dependent feature instead of being just another component coefficient.

Automation Efficiency in Cyber-Physical Systems: Interaction Between Technical Performance and Algorithmic Intelligence

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The performance of a cyber-physical system cannot be judged reliably from a single engineering variable. In the investigated micro-CPS, response time, communication latency and throughput describe the technical layer, whereas prediction accuracy captures the contribution of the learning component. The present paper examines how these two dimensions interact and how their combined effect is reflected in an overall efficiency index. A quasi-experimental comparison was carried out for a logistics and warehouse control configuration equipped with connected sensing, real-time data exchange and machine-learning support, and for a functionally similar conventional automated system. The empirical analysis was based on six variables, which were first standardized using z-scores and then assigned to four domains: technical efficiency, algorithmic intelligence, resource and energy efficiency, and economic efficiency. A clear difference emerged between the two system architectures. The CPS produced a mean composite index of 0.954, whereas the conventional automated system had a mean value of −0.954. The regression results further showed that technical efficiency and algorithmic intelligence contributed most strongly to the overall index. Of particular interest was their interaction. The interaction between technical efficiency and algorithmic intelligence was statistically significant (B = 0.154, β = 0.267, p = 0.004).  This interaction included to the model increased R² from 0.93 to 0.95. The finding indicates that the contribution of algorithmic intelligence to overall system performance depends, at least partly, on the level of technical efficiency achieved by the system. Rather, their contribution becomes more pronounced when the control and communication infrastructure already performs reliably. The sensitivity analysis led to the same overall ordering of the two architectures under alternative weighting schemes. Within the scope of the available dataset, this provides additional evidence that the observed difference is not simply an artefact of the selected weights.

Protect, Preserve, and Conserve in Environmental English: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Collocation and Semantic Preference

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Environmental discourse frequently employs the near-synonymous verbs protect, preserve, and conserve to describe forms of ecological stewardship. Although the three verbs share a broad semantic domain, their actual distribution may reveal differences in collocational behavior and semantic preference. This study investigates the collocational profiles and semantic preferences of protect, preserve, and conserve in contemporary environmental English using a specialized 10-million-word corpus, the Contemporary Environmental English Corpus (CEEC-10M), comprising policy and treaty documents, academic environmental writing, and environmental journalism published between 2016 and 2026. Using AntConc 4.2, the study examines the target verbs and their recurrent collocates within a symmetrical L5-R5 window. Candidate collocates are filtered using a minimum raw-frequency threshold of 15 and an MI threshold of 4.5, followed by concordance inspection and semantic categorization. The results indicate three partially overlapping but distinguishable lexical profiles. Protect shows a broad preference for vulnerable people, species, habitats, ecosystems, and other entities conceptualized as exposed to harm or external pressure. Preserve is more strongly associated with biodiversity, cultural heritage, integrity, historical sites, and existing ecological or cultural states, suggesting a preference for continuity and maintenance. Conserve is particularly associated with water resources, energy, natural resources, soil, and ecosystems, reflecting a stronger orientation toward resource management and sustainable use. The findings demonstrate that near-synonymous verbs cannot be adequately distinguished through dictionary definitions alone. Corpus evidence provides a more precise account of their preferred lexical and semantic environments and offers implications for Environmental English, English for Specific Purposes, and advanced EFL vocabulary instruction.

Conventional Ion-Exchange and Chelating Resins for Metal Recovery: A Critical Comparison of Selectivity, Dynamic Performance, Regeneration, and Process Integration

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Conventional ion-exchange and chelating resins are widely used for metal recovery, purification, and polishing, yet they are still frequently compared using equilibrium capacity rather than process function. This structured critical review examines how charge-driven exchange and ligand-controlled coordination translate into selectivity, kinetics, breakthrough behavior, regeneration, fouling, resin lifetime, and flowsheet integration. Topic-structured searches covering 2018–31 August 2026 yielded 313 candidate records, of which 110 peer-reviewed publications were retained for critical synthesis. Evidence was weighted from batch equilibrium and kinetic studies through fixed-bed or reactor operation, regeneration, real-matrix validation, pilot or multicolumn demonstrations, and selected industrial-scale applications. Across rare-earth elements, Cu–Ni–Co systems, battery-recycling liquors, Sc/V/Ga separations, Zr/Hf and radionuclide systems, precious metals, and industrial wastewaters, the evidence shows that equilibrium qmax and single-solute distribution coefficients are poor stand-alone indicators of process readiness. Representative dynamic studies report outcomes ranging from a Cu breakthrough capacity of 16.51 mg g−1 to an REE eluate concentration factor of 236×, while selected continuous and industrial-scale studies demonstrate high product purity, sustained metal recovery, and concentrated regenerates when feed chemistry and cycle design are controlled. Conventional and chelating resins are therefore best viewed as complementary rather than substitutive technologies. The review proposes a minimum reporting framework for scale-up-relevant studies based on representative feed chemistry, working capacity, breakthrough criteria, regenerant demand, product purity, multicycle durability, and flowsheet integration. Hybrid flowsheets emerge as a particularly defensible strategy for converting resin selectivity into process value.

The Relationship between New Media Literacy and Social Media Addiction Among University Personnel

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This study examines the relationship between new media literacy and social media addiction among university personnel. Designed as a quantitative study using correlational survey and causal-comparative designs, it included 237 academic and administrative staff members at Istanbul Gelisim University. Data were collected with the New Media Literacy Scale and the Social Media Addiction Scale and analyzed using Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis H, and Spearman rank-order correlation. Findings show that participants had high new media literacy levels, while social media addiction scores clustered toward the upper end of the scale range. Significant differences emerged in functional consumption by gender, in selected dimensions by age and education level, and in most new media literacy dimensions by the most frequently used platform. The most notable result was a strong positive relationship between total new media literacy and total social media addiction scores (r = .806; p < .001). These findings suggest that digital competence does not automatically ensure controlled use.