When Social Responsibility Meets Profitability: Determinants of Firm Value in Indonesian Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

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This study examines the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure and profitability ratios on firm value among mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). CSR disclosure was measured using an index based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards 2016, while profitability was proxied by four indicators: Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Asset (ROA), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), and Net Profit Margin (NPM). Firm value was measured using Price Book Value (PBV). The sample was selected through purposive sampling from a population of 46 mining companies listed on the IDX during 2020–2024, resulting in five companies that met all the criteria and a total of 25 observations. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS following classical assumption testing. The results show that CSR disclosure has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Among the four profitability indicators, only ROE has a significant positive effect on firm value, while ROA, GPM, and NPM have no significant effect. Simultaneously, CSR and profitability ratios significantly affect firm value, with a coefficient of determination of 80.2%. These findings are relevant amid the recent slowdown in Indonesia’s mining sector and the ongoing transition of sustainability reporting regulation toward standards aligned with the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB).

Public Sentiment Toward Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Case Study of Semarang, Indonesia

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The growth of Indonesia’s population has led to a significant increase in vehicle volume, contributing substantially to CO2 emissions and air pollution. Central Java Province ranks third nationally in vehicle numbers, with Semarang City recorded as having the highest air pollution level in Indonesia, reaching an air quality index (AQI) score of 107 in March 2024. One of the strategies to mitigate this pollution is the transition from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). However, this transformation requires an understanding of public perception and readiness. This study aims to analyze public sentiment toward the transformation of electric vehicles in Semarang City using sentiment analysis based on the Indonesian RoBERTa model. Data was collected using an online questionnaire distributed to 1,025 respondents aged 17 years or above. Respondents answered questions covering three aspects: (Q1) perception of EV quality as a personal vehicle, (Q2) perception of the government’s role in policy and infrastructure, and (Q3) perception of the EV transformation process in Semarang City. The results indicate that positive sentiment dominates only in Q1 (49.95%), reflecting public confidence in EV quality for personal use. Besides, Q2 and Q3 are dominated by neutral sentiment (41.5% and 52%, respectively), with Q2 even showing a higher percentage of negative sentiment (33.8%) than positive sentiment (24.7%), indicating dissatisfaction with current government policy and infrastructure support. These findings suggest that although Semarang City has strong potential for EV transformation, government policies and supporting infrastructure, such as public EV charging stations (SPKLU), need substantial improvement to accelerate public adoption and strengthen positive sentiment toward electric vehicles.

Secondary Aluminum Dross and Salt Slag Treatment: A Critical Review of Integrated Value Recovery, Risk Control, And Industrial Readiness

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Secondary aluminum dross and salt slag are heterogeneous secondary resources whose entrained metal, alumina-bearing phases, aluminum nitride (AlN), chlorides, fluorides, and fine particles create coupled recovery and safety constraints. This structured critical narrative review maps 106 publications from 2020 to 2026 and evaluates physical, thermal, aqueous, and product-oriented routes without claiming systematic review or PRISMA compliance. Conservative evidence coding identified one industrial campaign (Class A), one pilot study (Class B), no continuous integrated Class C study, 86 laboratory studies on real dross (Class D), five modeling or proof-of-concept studies (Class E), and 13 supporting reviews or contextual sources. Selected studies reported metallic aluminum recovery above 92% and up to approximately 98%, chloride removal above 92%, and AlN conversion of 92.45–99.03%; these results are not directly comparable because of differences in feed assays, particle size, residence time, and system boundaries. A metal-first sequence is therefore conditionally preferred when the net value of recovered metal justifies the operation and when removal reduces the hydrogen inventory of the wet circuit. Stoichiometrically, 1 kg AlN can generate 0.415 kg NH₃ (0.597 m³ at 25 °C and 1 atm), while 1 kg metallic Al can generate 0.112 kg H₂ (1.360 m³) under complete reaction. Washing, controlled hydrolysis, salt crystallization, gas capture, and mineral conversion must consequently be designed as one integrated system. Laboratory production of alumina, spinel, refractories, adsorbents, or cementitious materials demonstrates conversion, not circularity, unless product specifications, durability, leaching stability, multi-cycle recycle, controlled purges, and harmonized life-cycle and techno-economic boundaries are verified. The review provides route-specific readiness ratings, quantitative design bases, and objective go/no-go gates for industrial development.

Job Demands, Resources, Occupational Burnout, And Individual Work Performance Among Commune-Level Civil Servants: Evidence from Gia Lai, Vietnam

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The operation of Vietnam’s two-tier local government system, comprising the provincial and commune levels, has heightened the requirements placed upon commune-level civil servants in relation to initiative, coordination, digital casework, and accountability for outputs. This study examines the associations among personal resources, the work environment, job demands, new-task demands, occupational burnout, and individual work performance. Data were collected in 2026 from 563 non-managerial professional civil servants working at commune level in Gia Lai Province. The scales were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and covariance-based structural equation modelling in SPSS and AMOS; indirect effects were evaluated using 5,000 bootstrap resamples. The model demonstrated a good fit to the data (χ²/df=1.280; CFI=0.978; TLI=0.976; RMSEA=0.022; SRMR=0.034) and explained 42.6% of the variance in occupational burnout and 59.3% of the variance in individual work performance. Job demands and new-task demands were positively associated with burnout, whereas burnout was negatively associated with work performance. Implementation competence exhibited the strongest direct association with performance, followed by digital adaptability and public service motivation. Although the work environment did not demonstrate a sufficiently robust direct association with performance, it contributed to lower burnout. Both indirect paths, JD→BO→IWP and DQ→BO→IWP, were statistically significant. The findings indicate that strengthening administrative performance at commune level requires an integrated approach combining competence development, work design, digital support, and the prevention of sustained occupational depletion.

Biological Characteristics, Innovative Isolation Methods, and Clinical Role of Exosomes in Cancer Therapy: Review

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Exosomes are a subset of nano-sized (30–150 nm) extracellular vehicles (EVs) released by cells through the endosomal route, you know like they get made inside and then pushed out.

Objective: The primary objective of this scientific review is to give a broad and current appraisal of the intricate biological layout of exosomes, plus modern isolation technologies (for instance microfluidics and spectroscopy), and finally their clinical meaning for cancer detection and treatment.

Methods: This article is arranged following systematic review logic based on credible scientific sources from the last decade 2015–2025. Data collection involved international databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The analysis looks at how exosome biogenesis connects with drug delivery systems (DDS), and how that whole interplay affects the tumor microenvironment, using both qualitative and quantitative comparative approaches. The guidelines from the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) were used as a kind of standard for study rigor.

Key Findings: A growing body of research suggests that exosomes work as important intercellular message carriers, meaning they are deeply involved in cancer metastasis. Their nano-sized form, the potential to move across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and their inherent biocompatibility make them a stronger, more natural alternative in comparison with synthetic nanoparticles. Innovative methods such as microfluidics have cut the isolation time a lot, and pairing exosomes with the CRISPR-Cas system has basically opened new directions for gene therapy. In the end, the review also tackles difficulties in standardization and large-scale production, while stressing that exosome engineering is likely the upcoming step change for precision cancer therapy.

Performance Evaluation of Laser Spectroscopy Techniques for Isotope Identification and Separation Based on Isotope Shifts

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Laser spectroscopy has become one of the most important technologies for isotope identification and separation because of its high spectral resolution and its ability to accurately measure isotope shifts. Despite significant advances in this field, a comprehensive comparative evaluation of different laser spectroscopy methods in terms of their physical principles, measurement accuracy, and isotope separation capabilities is still required. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the performance of laser spectroscopy methods for isotope identification and separation based on their underlying physical principles, spectral resolution, sensitivity, and applications. This study was conducted as a systematic review, in which publications retrieved from major scientific databases were identified, screened, and analyzed. The findings demonstrated that the mass shift and the field shift constitute the fundamental physical basis for isotope discrimination. Collinear Laser Spectroscopy (CLS), owing to its very high spectral resolution, is the most suitable technique for the precise measurement of isotope shifts and the investigation of nuclear structure, whereas Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) and Molecular Laser Isotope Separation (MLIS) exhibit high efficiency in the selective separation of isotopes. Furthermore, the development of narrow-linewidth lasers, frequency stabilization systems, and advanced data-processing techniques has significantly improved the accuracy and sensitivity of these technologies. Overall, the selection of an appropriate method depends on the intended application, the type of isotope, and the required measurement accuracy. This study provides a comparative framework for understanding the capabilities and limitations of laser spectroscopy methods and can contribute to the future development of isotope identification and separation technologies

Lessons from Leptospirosis Deaths in Sri Lanka, 2025: Findings from a National Secondary Data Analysis

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Background: Leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease and a leading cause of preventable mortality in Sri Lanka, with deaths driven by occupational and environmental exposure, delayed care-seeking, late clinical recognition and severe complications.

Methods: A descriptive secondary data analysis was conducted using the national leptospirosis death review database of the Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. The analysis included 206 valid death records reported during 2025 through institutional death review forms.

Results: The median age was 53 years (IQR 41.5–61.5; range 16–84). Males accounted for 168/205 deaths (82.0%). The largest age group was 45–59 years (79/205, 38.5%). The highest numbers of deaths were reported from Kurunegala (34/206, 16.5%), Gampaha (19/206, 9.2%) and Rathnapura (16/206, 7.8%). Fever (155/198, 78.3%), headache (121/198, 61.1%), myalgia (115/198, 58.1%) and anuria/oliguria (93/198, 47.0%) were the most commonly documented features. Paddy field exposure was recorded in 68/206 (33.0%) of deaths. The median time from symptom onset to admission was 3 days, and the median time from symptom onset to death was 7 days. Among death review findings, late presentation or delayed treatment-seeking was the most frequent theme (75/87, 86.2%).

Conclusions: These findings highlight opportunities to reduce leptospirosis deaths in Sri Lanka through earlier detection, prompt evidence-based treatment supported by regular clinician training, targeted risk communication for high-risk populations, improved chemoprophylaxis uptake, timely referral, and strengthened access to critical care and renal support services.

Development Strategy for Community-Based Coastal Ecotourism in Wondiboy, Teluk Wondama Regency, Indonesia

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The Wondiboy coastal area in Teluk Wondama Regency, West Papua, contains bay landscapes, mangroves, sago forests, marine activities, cultural and religious assets, and coastal livelihoods that provide a strong basis for ecotourism. However, these assets have not been matched by balanced destination readiness, institutional capacity, basic services, and spatial control. This study analyzes tourism potential and destination readiness, identifies major development constraints, and formulates a community-based coastal ecotourism strategy within a sustainable regional development framework. A convergent mixed-methods design was used, combining questionnaires from 75 visitors and 94 local residents with in-depth interviews, field observations, expert assessments, and reviews of spatial and tourism planning documents. Internal conditions were diagnosed using the 6A destination framework, while IFAS-EFAS and SWOT were used to formulate strategies that were subsequently screened through Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Community-Based Tourism, carrying capacity, coastal resilience, and policy consistency. Visitor scores showed high attraction (4.17), moderate accessibility (2.93), accommodation (3.22), amenities (2.69), and activities (3.08), but very low ancillary services (1.51), producing an overall mean of 2.93. The SWOT coordinates (+0.55; +1.03) place Wondiboy in Quadrant I, yet the narrow internal advantage indicates that Weakness-Opportunity measures should precede expansion. The recommended sequence is institutional and human-resource strengthening, basic and safety infrastructure, controlled ecotourism product development and zoning, followed by gradual market connectivity and green investment. The study shows that growth-oriented positioning does not imply immediate promotion; destination readiness must first reach a minimum operational threshold.

Beyond “Slave Mentality”: A Conceptual Review of Internalized Subordination and the Reproduction of Power

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“Slave mentality” is often used to describe blind obedience, dependence, and a lack of independent thought, but the phrase is too broad to serve as a clear academic concept. This paper begins with an original observation: dependence does not disappear when food and physical safety become easier to obtain. It often moves into work, status, belonging, recognition, and access to opportunity. A focused conceptual review of 17 foundational and recent sources was used to connect research on obedience, social influence, system justification, compensatory control, learned helplessness, social dominance, employee silence, psychological safety, and power. The analysis separates practical submission from internalized subordination and explains how repeated adjustment to authority may weaken trust in personal judgement. It also examines why some formerly subordinate individuals reproduce control after gaining limited authority. The paper proposes an Internalized Subordination-Compensatory Domination Cycle. The model does not claim that everyone has a fixed amount of “slave mentality,” or that powerless people will later misuse power. It describes a conditional process shaped by dependence, low control, status insecurity, institutional rules, and reflection. Reflective autonomy and real accountability may interrupt the cycle.

Effects of Different Amount of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Common Bean

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This study evaluated the effects of different rates of diammonium phosphate fertilizer on the growth, yield, and yield components of common bean under field conditions at the Faculty of Agriculture Research Farm, Kabul University, during the 2025 growing season. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications and four fertilizer treatments: 0 (control), 30, 60, and 90 kg ha⁻¹ of diammonium phosphate. Data were collected on vegetative growth traits, including plant height, number of branches, and number of leaves, as well as reproductive traits such as number of pods per plant, grains per pod, pod length, pod width, 100-seed weight, and grain yield. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and treatment means were separated using the least significant difference test at the 5% significance level. Fertilizer application significantly affected most growth and yield parameters. The application of 60 kg ha⁻¹ produced the greatest vegetative growth, recording the highest plant height (33.8 cm) and number of branches (4.47), while the unfertilized control produced the highest number of leaves (36.4). The application of 90 kg ha⁻¹ resulted in the highest reproductive performance, including number of pods per plant (12.33), grains per pod (4.00), pod size, 100-seed weight (66 g), and grain yield (1090 kg ha⁻¹). The findings indicate that moderate fertilizer application promotes vegetative growth, whereas a higher application rate maximizes reproductive development and grain yield. Therefore, applying 90 kg ha⁻¹ of diammonium phosphate is recommended to improve common bean productivity under agroecological conditions similar to those of the study area.