Optimising the SIMKAH Policy to Accelerate Marriage Administration A CIPP Model Evaluation and Findings on Infrastructure Improvements at KUA Seberang Ulu II, Palembang City

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Public services are increasingly expected to deliver faster, more accurate, and traceable administrative processes, particularly for marriage registration, where data validity has long-term legal consequences. In Indonesia, SIMKAH is designed to digitise and integrate marriage administration to enhance service efficiency and data consistency at KUA offices. However, the presence of SIMKAH does not automatically guarantee faster service, as the quality of implementation relies on local readiness and operational stability. At KUA Seberang Ulu II, several practical constraints may hinder administration, especially those related to infrastructure and workflow execution. This study proposes policy optimisation by aligning SIMKAH objectives with daily operational procedures to ensure that acceleration goals are clearly reflected in real service workflows. It highlights the importance of strengthening input readiness through adequate human resources, needs-based budgeting, and notably improved supporting infrastructure such as dedicated hardware. The optimisation also focuses on process reinforcement by stabilising internet connectivity, preparing operational procedures to manage system interruptions, and reducing rework caused by identity data mismatches. Furthermore, user support and guidance are emphasised to improve document readiness and minimise delays during verification and data entry. The study evaluates SIMKAH implementation using the CIPP framework (Context–Input–Process–Product) through a qualitative descriptive approach based on interviews, observation, and documentation. Findings are mapped onto the CIPP dimensions to identify key gaps, with the most significant areas for improvement related to process and infrastructure. This research provides a structured, decision-oriented assessment of a digital public service policy, demonstrating how the CIPP framework can reveal implementation bottlenecks beyond system availability. Practically, it offers actionable recommendations for infrastructure development and workflow standardisation to support a more consistent acceleration of marriage administration at KUA Seberang Ulu II, Palembang City.

Solid Waste Management and Material Recovery Facility Planning in Leh-Ladakh, Western Himalaya

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Rapid urbanization, tourism growth, and changing consumption patterns have significantly increased solid waste generation in Leh Ladakh, a high-altitude cold desert region of India. This study examines the existing status of waste generation, segregation, and disposal practices in Leh, the largest town in Ladakh, and assesses the feasibility of establishing a Material Recovery Facility (MRF). Field-based inventory, secondary datasets, and the Solid Waste Management (SWM) Manual 2016 were used to estimate waste quantities and design MRF requirements. Results indicate that Leh generates approximately 13.02 tonnes per day (TPD) of solid waste, with 80% comprising dry waste and 20% wet waste. The dry fraction includes paper and cardboard (30%), tetra packs (20%), textiles (17%), PET (8%), and multilayer plastics (7%). Currently, segregation and limited recycling occur at a municipal facility powered by solar energy. However, the absence of a formal MRF, shortage of equipment, and lack of skilled manpower remain key challenges. The study proposes a manual MRF model suitable for <15 TPD, with an estimated operational cost of Rupees 3.06 lakh per annum. Establishing such a facility would improve recycling efficiency, reduce environmental risks, and promote sustainable waste management in this ecologically fragile Himalayan region.

Development of Differentiated Learning Planning in the Outdoor Learning Mathematics Project

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The process of developing differentiated learning plans for this outdoor learning mathematics project follows the 4D model, which includes four main stages: define, design, develop, and disseminate. Each stage has a specific set of steps. The need for differentiated learning plans integrated with the outdoor learning mathematics project can be used in the mathematics learning process for statistics. This learning plan can be used as a solution as a guide in the learning process and is tailored to the characteristics of students at the school. Differentiated learning in the outdoor learning mathematics project can improve pretest and posttest results in both control and experimental classes, especially in mathematics. The final stage, dissemination, was carried out both offline at SMP Islam Kunir and the Mathematics MGMP of public and private junior high schools in Lumajang Regency, as well as online. Online dissemination was carried out by uploading Google Sites links to various popular social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook, ensuring that this learning tool is widely accessible to other teachers who need it.

The Effectiveness of Lime Juice (Citrus aurantifolia) in Preventing Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation: An In Vitro Model

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Background: Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are the most prevalent type of urolithiasis and are associated with high recurrence rates. Preventive approaches targeting early crystallization stages, particularly nucleation and aggregation, are therefore crucial. Citrate is a recognized inhibitor of CaOx crystallization; however, pharmacological citrate therapy may face limitations in long-term use. Lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia), a natural source of citrate, may serve as an alternative preventive agent.

Objective: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) on calcium oxalate crystal formation in vitro.

Methods: A true experimental study with a post-test only control group design was conducted using a synthetic urine model. Five groups were assessed: negative control, positive control (potassium citrate 0.6%), and lime juice at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (v/v). Crystallization was monitored turbidimetrically at 620 nm for 60 minutes. Nucleation slope (SN), aggregation slope (SA), time to maximum absorbance (Tmax), and inhibition percentages were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test.

Results: All lime juice concentrations significantly reduced aggregation and prolonged Tmax compared with the negative control. The 5% concentration showed the strongest nucleation inhibition among natural treatments, while 2.5% demonstrated the highest aggregation inhibition.

Conclusion: Lime juice effectively inhibits CaOx crystallization in vitro and shows potential as a natural, accessible preventive strategy.

Application of 18S rRNA Gene-Based and β-Giardin Molecular Markers for Early Detection of Giardia duodenalis Infection

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Giardiasis and other intestinal parasite infections are still prevalent and a public health concern, especially in areas with inadequate sanitation and hygiene. Giardia duodenalis infections can cause mild to severe symptoms, such as chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, and growth impairment in children, so early detection is essential. The commonly used fecal microscopy test has a low sensitivity, particularly for infections with low parasite loads or in the absence of symptoms. The development of molecular diagnostic methods based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides a more accurate and sensitive alternative by using specific genetic markers. This review of the literature looks at the roles of the 18S rRNA and β-giardin genes as molecular markers for the early detection of Giardia duodenalis infection. The review’s conclusions indicate that the 18S rRNA gene’s high sensitivity and robust sequence stability make it suitable for initial screening and epidemiological surveillance. In contrast, the β-giardin gene is useful for genotype analysis and diagnostic confirmation because of its higher specificity. The combination of these two genes may be the most effective diagnostic strategy to improve the accuracy of early Giardiasis detection in both clinical and epidemiological settings.

The Relationship Between Family Support and Adherence with Hemodialysis in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Kupang City

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Background: Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition requiring long-term therapy, one of which is hemodialysis. Adherence to hemodialysis is crucial for reducing complications and improving patients’ quality of life. Family support is considered a factor influencing adherence, but previous research findings remain inconsistent.

Objective: To determine the relationship between family support and adherence with hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure in Kupang City.

Methods: This study used an observational analytical cross-sectional design. Data was collected through the completion of family support and ESRD-AQ questionnaires by 163 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with Fisher’s exact test.

Results: The results showed that 95.7% of patients had good family support, followed by 4.3% who had poor family support. The prevalence of adherence with hemodialysis was 82.8% compliant and 17.2% non-compliant. The statistical test yielded a p-value of 0.345.

Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between family support and adherence with hemodialysis in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Kupang City.

Technology Paradox and User Intention: The Claude AI Application

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The purpose of this study is to develop a deeper understanding of the factors influencing user intention to adopt Claude, an AI-based chatbot designed to provide ethical, safe, and high-context interaction.The study involves 200 respondents in Indonesia who have used AI at least once, with data analyzed using AMOS 21. The results show that initial trust has a positive and significant effect on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, while social influence also significantly enhances both perceptions. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly influence users’ attitudes and directly affect their intention to use Claude. However, initial trust does not have a significant effect on attitude. Furthermore, attitude does not mediate the relationships between perceived usefulness or perceived ease of use and intention to use, indicating that behavioral intention is primarily shaped by direct cognitive evaluations rather than affective responses. Overall, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use emerge as the main determinants of intention to use, with initial trust and social influence acting as important antecedents in shaping early user perceptions. This study extends TAM in the context of AI chatbot adoption and provides practical insights for improving AI acceptance among young users.

Thermodynamic and Transport Excess Properties of Ethyl Benzoate + 2-Methyl-2-Propanol Binary Mixtures At (303.15–318.15) K

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Excess thermodynamic and transport properties of binary liquid mixtures composed of ethyl benzoate (X₁) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (X₂) were measured over the entire composition range at four temperatures: 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15 K at atmospheric pressure. Experimental properties including excess molar volume (Vᵉ), excess isentropic compressibility (Δβₐd), viscosity deviations (Δη), excess free length (Lᵉ), excess surface tension (πᵉ), excess acoustic impedance (Zᵉ), excess enthalpy (Hᵉ), excess Gibbs free energy (Gᵉ), and ultrasonic velocity (U) were systematically evaluated. The results indicate consistently negative Vᵉ, Δβₐd, and Δη values across all compositions and temperatures, with magnitudes that reach minima near equimolar composition, suggesting strong specific interactions between unlike molecules, especially dipole–dipole and hydrogen bonding effects. Temperature rise generally reduces the magnitude of excess properties, indicative of diminished molecular interactions and structural organization at elevated thermal energy. All excess functions were correlated using the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation, demonstrating excellent fit quality and enabling estimation of binary interaction parameters. The observed trends in excess enthalpy and Gibbs free energy reveal significant non-ideal behavior, likely due to disruption of self-association in 2-methyl-2-propanol clusters upon mixing with aromatic ester molecules. Comparisons with literature reveal qualitative agreement with related binary systems involving esters and alcohols, confirming the reliability of the measured data. Overall, this study provides comprehensive thermodynamic insights into molecular interactions in ester-alcohol mixtures, supporting improved modeling of solution behavior relevant to industrial and formulation applications.

Improving the Qualitative Detection of Porous Silicon Using CdO NPs

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This research describes a successful fabrication process for CdO NPs using pulsed laser ablation. It also describes a photodetector with heterojunction. A rapid analysis of the morphological, structural, and optical properties was performed. The production of cadmium oxide thin films was confirmed through structural and morphological characterization. The nanofilms were 10.84 nm thick. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a match with the material used. The surface properties and shape of the cadmium oxide were analyzed using atomic force microscopy. The laser ablation process produced very small, regularly arranged, hemispherical, pointed, and uniformly distributed nanoparticles with few single columns. The detector’s response spectrum showed good selectivity for detecting visible and near-infrared light. Therefore, CdO NPs could be a promising candidate material for photovoltaic applications.

Analysis Students’ Critical Thinking Ability in Solving Ratio Problems

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Critical thinking is one of the skills needed in the 21st century. Critical thinking skills are very important for students to have because with critical thinking skills, students can solve various problems. This study aims to describe students’ critical thinking skills in solving problems related to ratios. This study is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used in this study were tests and questionnaires. This study involved 30 students in class VII-E at SMPN 1 Panti Jember. Data analysis techniques were carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The data validity technique used triangulation methods. The test used in this study consisted of three questions. The results showed that the critical thinking skills of students were predominantly in the medium and low category.  Many students in class VIIE have high, medium, and low critical thinking skills, with 10, 12, and 8 students, respectively. Students with high critical thinking skills meet the criteria of focus, reason (R1 and R3), inference, clarity, situation, and overview. However, they still fall short on the criterion of reason (R2). Students with moderate critical thinking skills meet the criteria of focus, reason, situation, and clarity, but fall short on the criteria of reason (R2), clarity, inference, and overview. Students with low critical thinking skills meet criteria of focus, but still fall short on the criteria of reason, inference, situation, clarity, overview and therefore need improvement in all areas. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that learning methods, approaches, or models that can accustom students to critical thinking be implemented, or that learning tools that can improve critical thinking skills be applied.