The Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Soup on Blood Pressure Changes among Overweight Employees at Nusa Cendana University

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Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is commonly associated with overweight status. Dietary interventions using functional foods are considered effective non-pharmacological strategies for blood pressure control. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves contain bioactive compounds such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, flavonoids, and antioxidants, which may contribute to blood pressure reduction. However, evidence regarding the effect of Moringa leaf soup on blood pressure among overweight individuals is still limited.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Moringa leaf soup consumption on changes in blood pressure among overweight employees at Nusa Cendana University.

Methods: This pre-experimental study employed a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 27 overweight employees selected through purposive sampling. Participants consumed 100 grams of Moringa leaf soup daily for seven days. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention using a digital sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results: A significant reduction in systolic blood pressure was observed after the intervention (p < 0.05). However, no significant change was found in diastolic blood pressure (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Moringa leaf soup consumption for seven days significantly reduced systolic blood pressure but had no significant effect on diastolic blood pressure. This intervention may serve as a complementary dietary approach for blood pressure management in overweight individuals.

The Effect of E-Trust, E-Service Quality, and Brand Image on Traveloka Application User Satisfaction

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User satisfaction is a crucial factor in determining the sustainability and competitiveness of digital service platforms, particularly in the online travel industry. Increasing competition among online travel applications requires companies to continuously improve service quality, build user trust, and maintain a strong brand image. This study aims to analyze the effects of e-trust, e-service quality, and brand image on user satisfaction of the Traveloka application. A quantitative research approach was employed using a survey method, with 100 Traveloka application users as the research sample, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the instrument tests indicate that all measurement items are valid and reliable. The findings reveal that e-trust has a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction, e-service quality has a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction, and brand image also has a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction. These results suggest that higher levels of trust, superior electronic service quality, and a positive brand image play an important role in enhancing user satisfaction with the Traveloka application. This study emphasizes the importance for online travel service providers to strengthen user trust, improve digital service performance, and maintain a strong brand image in order to increase user satisfaction and sustain competitive advantage in the digital marketplace.

Recurrence of cystic lymphangioma of the forearm in a pediatric patient

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Lymphangioma is a rare, benign neoplasm of vascular origin that presents during childhood and can appear anywhere, with the capacity to spread to adjacent organs. This report presents the case of a 7-year-old male with lymphangioma recurrence one month after resection. Surgical treatment was performed, followed by conservative management. The patient had a satisfactory outcome and was discharged from the angiology service three months later without recurrence.

Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Tribes of Durg, Chhattisgarh

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The tribal communities of Durg district in Chhattisgarh possess a rich heritage of traditional knowledge, particularly in the use of ethnomedicinal plants for healthcare and healing practices. This study explores the various medicinal plants employed by these tribes to treat a range of ailments, including fever, skin diseases, digestive disorders, and respiratory issues. Field surveys, interviews with local healers, and participatory observations revealed that a diverse range of plant species, primarily sourced from local forests and farmlands, are used in traditional remedies. The knowledge passed down through generations, highlights the sustainable and holistic approach of indigenous communities toward healthcare. However, increasing modernization and loss of natural habitats threaten this traditional wisdom. Documenting and preserving this ethnomedicinal knowledge not only help in cultural conservation but also offers potential leads for the development of novel drugs in modern medicine.

The Effect of Resistance Training Using Push, Pull, and Leg Methods on Skeletal Muscle Percentage and Body Fat Percentage

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Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute a major global health problem. In Indonesia, the prevalence of NCDs has increased since 2013, influenced by factors such as increased body fat mass and decreased muscle mass. Maintaining a high percentage of skeletal muscle and a low percentage of body fat is essential for health. One effective strategy to achieve this is resistance training using the push, pull, and leg (PPL) method.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of weight training using the push, pull, and leg method on skeletal muscle percentage and body fat percentage.
Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest non-equivalent comparison group approach. A total of 40 participants were recruited using non-probability total sampling. Body composition data were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Omron Karada Scan Body Composition Monitor HBF-375). Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, paired sample t-test, and independent t-test.
Results: Weight training using the push, pull, and leg method had a significant effect on increasing skeletal muscle percentage (p = 0.001) and decreasing body fat percentage (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Weight training using the push, pull, and leg method is effective in increasing skeletal muscle mass and reducing body fat mass.

The Relationship Between Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination Behavior Among Women of Reproductive Age in Kupang City, Indonesia

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Background: Breast cancer remains the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, including women of reproductive age. Early detection through Breast Self-Examination (BSE), locally known as SADARI, is a simple and cost-effective method, particularly relevant in low-resource settings. Knowledge about breast cancer is considered a key cognitive factor influencing women’s engagement in early detection behaviors.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge about breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination behavior among women of reproductive age in Kupang City, Indonesia.

Methods: This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted in six districts of Kupang City from August to October 2025. The study population consisted of women aged 15–49 years. A total of 100 respondents were selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire measuring breast cancer knowledge and BSE behavior. Data analysis included univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at α = 0.05.

Results: Most respondents demonstrated a moderate level of breast cancer knowledge (68.0%), followed by good (27.0%) and poor knowledge (5.0%). The majority of participants reported supportive BSE behavior (70.0%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between breast cancer knowledge and BSE behavior (Chi-square test, p = 0.031).

Conclusion: There is a statistically significant relationship between breast cancer knowledge and Breast Self-Examination behavior among women of reproductive age in Kupang City. Higher levels of knowledge are associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in early detection practices through BSE. Strengthening educational interventions may improve early detection behaviors and contribute to breast cancer prevention efforts.

Design and Implementation of an Arduino Based Undervoltage Relay

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All human activity is highly dependent on the stable availability of electrical energy. Electrical distribution disruptions, such as  over/under voltage spikes or drops, can disrupt daily activities. To anticipate this,  an Arduino-based over/under voltage control  system was designed that utilizes the PZEM-004T sensor to monitor AC voltage in real-time from a power source or variable transformer. The system uses an on-off  control method on the relay with three operating conditions: under voltage (voltage <142.5V), normal voltage (142.5V–157.5V), and overvoltage (voltage >157.5V). SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply) is integrated as a stable power supply for Arduino Uno microcontrollers and other electronic components, ensuring that system performance remains optimal despite input voltage fluctuations. The sensor reading results and voltage condition status can be displayed locally via a simple interface such as an LCD or LED indicator, without relying on internet communication. By combining the reliability of Arduino Uno and SMPS efficiency, the system is able to protect electrical devices from damage due to voltage instability while ensuring energy-efficient operation.

Design and build an Arduino-Based Inverse Time and Constant Time Overcurrent Protection Relay

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This study discusses the design and implementation of a overcurrent protection system using two types of relays, namely Inverse Time Overcurrent Relays and Constant Time Overcurrent Relays based on Arduino Uno microcontrollers. The system is designed to detect and respond to overcurrent disturbances that occur at resistor loads using current sensors, relay modules, and LCD displays. In an inverse time system, the disconnection time depends on the magnitude of the interference current, where the larger the current, the faster the relay works. On the other hand, in a constant time system, the relay will cut off the current at a predetermined time, regardless of the size of the current. The Arduino Uno acts as a controller brain that processes data from the current sensor and determines the disconnection logic. The test was carried out to evaluate the relay working time characteristics of the interference current variation as well as the effect of the multiplier factor value on the disconnection speed. In addition, the system is also equipped with a PZEM-004T CT module for real-time monitoring of electrical parameters and a 16 2 LCD display as a user interface. The test results show that the system is able to work effectively according to the characteristics of each type of relay. This prototype offers a practical and economical solution in the simulation of electrical protection systems, particularly in microcontroller-based learning and development environments.​

Quantifying the Burden of Selected Severe Acute Respiratory Illnesses (SARI) in Sri Lankan Hospitals: A 2025 eIMMR ICD-10 Data Study

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Background and aim: Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is a syndromic concept widely used for respiratory disease surveillance and burden estimation. In settings where routine clinical case definition fields are not consistently recorded, ICD-10 discharge diagnoses can be used as a pragmatic proxy to quantify inpatient burden and severe outcomes. The aim is to describe the 2025 inpatient burden, outcomes, sex distribution, and seasonal patterns of selected respiratory diseases commonly used to represent SARI in Sri Lanka.

Method: The eIMMR (electronic Indoor Morbidity and Mortality Register) data extracted from January–December 2025, containing monthly aggregated inpatient admissions by discharge outcome and sex for four ICD-10 groupings aligned to SARI: influenza (J09–J11), pneumonia (J12–J18), other acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI; J20–J22), and ARDS (J80). A hierarchical SARI grouping was defined for analysis and reporting. The annual admissions and deaths, case fatality proportion (CFP; deaths/admissions), transfers, leave against medical advice (LAMA), sex distribution, and peak months were summerized.

Results: In 2025, the selected SARI-coded respiratory diagnoses accounted for 232,679 admissions and 6,432 in-hospital deaths (overall CFP 2.8%); 49.2% of admissions were female. Other ALRI (J20–J22) contributed 83.9% of admissions (195,237) but 12.6% of deaths (812; CFP 0.4%). Pneumonia (J12–J18) accounted for 14.0% of admissions (32,543) yet 86.6% of deaths (5,573; CFP 17.1%). Influenza (J09–J11) comprised 4,700 admissions (CFP 0.3%). ARDS (J80) was uncommon (199 admissions) but had high CFP (16.6%). Admissions peaked in April–May (seasonal maximum May: 29,908) and showed a secondary rise in October–November.

Conclusion: In 2025, SARI-proxy inpatient burden in Sri Lanka was dominated by ALRI volume, while mortality was overwhelmingly concentrated among pneumonia-coded admissions. Strengthening pneumonia prevention, early severity recognition, oxygen/critical care readiness, and improving etiologic diagnosis and coding completeness are key priorities for reducing SARI-associated mortality and improving surveillance precision.

Science & Futurist Science & Art: Does the Process of the Discovery of the DNA Contradict Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions?

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Thomas Kuhn, in his influential and classic work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, claims that revolutionary change in science is change in the “paradigm” of a particular scientific field, that is, change in the larger conceptual framework and even underlying philosophical framework that guides a scientific field. In Kuhn’s view, paradigms are essential: Paradigms constitute and determine scientific change; further, major innovators in science do not merely contribute new theories and discoveries but new paradigms which constitute and determine the nature of particular theories, ideas, the design of experiments, and also the use of scientific instruments in any particular scientific field. I seek to investigate whether Watson and Crick’s discovery of the DNA as the genetic material challenges Kuhn’s model of discovery and revolutionary change in science. I seek to show that Watson and Crick employed Gregor Mendel’s conception of the particulate nature of genetic information (instead of Aristotle’s early conception of blending inheritance); Watson and Crick stated that they employed Erwin Schrodinger’s speculative conception from his book What is Life?, that the genetic material would likely be a complex aperiodic crystal; Watson and Crick employed Linus Pauling’s framework of modeling complex molecules using indirect evidence (such as by X-ray crystallography by other researchers); unlike Pauling and other chemists and biochemists that still thought the genetic material would be a protein, Watson and Crick recognized that the genetic material could be the DNA, and that the structure and function of DNA could provide information for the building blocks of cells and cellular differentiation. Thus, Watson and Crick’s scientific revolution employed multiple frameworks from related branches and sub-branches of science. Kuhn suggests that paradigm changes in physics and other branches of science are analogous to singular framework changes in the nature of perspective in the history of art and architecture. By contrast, Watson and Crick’s scientific revolution involves multiple frameworks, and is thus more comparable to futurism and futuristic art. (The Futuristic art of Boccioni, Picasso, and Malevich is said to involve multiple perspectives and frameworks).