Roasting-Assisted Beneficiation of Magnetite–Apatite Ores: Phase Transformations, Phosphorus Partition, And Selective Recovery

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Magnetite–apatite ores constitute important resources of both iron and phosphorus but remain challenging to beneficiate because phosphorus-bearing phases commonly occur as finely disseminated apatite, interstitial aggregates, hydrothermal overgrowths, and complex grain-boundary intergrowths within iron oxide matrices. Roasting-assisted beneficiation has emerged as a promising strategy for modifying iron mineralogy, enhancing magnetic susceptibility, improving mineral liberation, and controlling phosphorus distribution. However, existing studies remain dispersed across the following routes: oxidizing roasting, magnetization roasting, selective reduction, additive-assisted roasting, flotation, leaching, dry beneficiation, and smelting. This critical review examines the interactions among ore texture, oxygen potential, roasting temperature, residence time, degree of reduction, phosphorus migration, and beneficiation performance. Particular attention is given to moderate-temperature reduction (approximately 650–800 °C), which frequently provides a more favorable balance between iron recovery and phosphorus rejection than highly reducing metallization-oriented conditions. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the hematite–magnetite–wüstite–metallic iron transformation are discussed together with phosphorus redistribution mechanisms, including apatite preservation, interfacial diffusion, secondary phosphate formation, metallic iron contamination, slag partitioning, and leaching behavior. Comparative analysis indicates that maximum metallization does not necessarily yield optimal beneficiation outcomes, as excessive reduction often promotes the incorporation of phosphorus into metallic iron. Current industrial implementation remains limited by thermal heterogeneity, atmosphere control, energy consumption, and insufficient pilot-scale validation. Future advances require integrated thermodynamic–microstructural modeling, predictive approaches to phosphorus partitioning, and energy-efficient roasting flowsheets that simultaneously enhance iron recovery and phosphorus management.

Effect of Childhood Sexual Abuse on the Sexual Behaviour of Victims Among Undergraduates of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a major public health problem with long-term consequences on sexual and psychological well-being. Evidence suggests that CSA may influence later sexual behaviors, increasing vulnerability to risky sexual practices in adulthood.

Objective: This study assessed the effect of childhood sexual abuse on the sexual behaviour of victims among undergraduates of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used among 400 undergraduates selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 22. Associations between CSA and sexual behaviors were tested using chi-square at 5% significance level.

Results: The prevalence of CSA was 26.2%. A significantly higher proportion of females experienced CSA (63.8%) compared to males (36.2%). CSA was significantly associated with risky sexual behaviors including pornography use (p = 0.006), sexual orientation (p = 0.015), and history of sexually transmitted infections (p = 0.037). Victims of CSA were more likely to engage in risky sexual and health-compromising behaviors compared to non-victims.

Conclusion: childhood sexual abuse significantly influences sexual behaviour in adulthood, increasing the likelihood of engagement in risky sexual practices among victims. Strengthening prevention programmes, counselling services, and sexual health education in universities is essential.

Effect of Different Rearing Systems on Body Weight Gain and Average Daily Gain in Berari Goats

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The present study was undertaken at the Department of Livestock Production and Management, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, and Punyashloka Ahilyadevi Sheep and Goat Farm at Bondri, Ramtek, Maharashtra, India, for a total duration of 91 days. For the study, 24 growing Berari goats of about six months of age were selected, and were divided into three groups, viz., Intensive group (T0), Semi-intensive group (T1), and Extensive group (T2) of goat rearing systems with eight goats in each group. The results revealed that the T0 Group (Intensive system) (22.08 ± 0.24 Kg) has a significantly higher (p<0.01) body weight than T2 (Extensive) (20.44 ± 0.34 Kg). Goats of T0 have non significantly higher body weight compared to T1 (20.50 ± 0.50 Kg), and goats of T1 group had significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight as compared to T2 group. The average daily gain for the T0 was 112.10 ± 2.96 gm, T1 94.81 ± 2.72 gm, and T2 77.77 ± 3.03 gm.  The weight gain of the goats in the T0 was significantly (p<0.01) higher than T1. The daily weight gain was also significantly (p<0.01) higher in T1 compared to T2.

Effect of Essential Oil-based Teat Spray for Improvement of Teat Health in Dairy Cows

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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of essential oil–based teat spray formulations in improving teat skin and teat end condition in dairy cows affected with subclinical mastitis. The experiment was conducted for 90 days at Gorakshan Sabha, Dhantoli, Nagpur. A total of 71 mid-lactating cows were screened using the Modified California Mastitis Test (MCMT), and 24 cows positive for subclinical mastitis were selected. These animals were randomly assigned to three groups (T1, T2, and T3; n = 8 each). Group T1 received a 2% essential oil–based teat dip, T2 received a 2% essential oil–based teat spray, and T3 received a 1% essential oil–based teat spray post-milking. The formulation comprised eucalyptus, peppermint, lavender, and tea tree essential oils. The results revealed that the teat skin score (TSS) and teat end score (TES) improved in all groups over the 90-day period, with no significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments. By day 90, TSS values improved to 1.125 ± 0.125 (T1), 1.125 ± 0.18 (T2), and 1.250 ± 0.16 (T3). TES values improved to 1.375 ± 0.18 (T1), 1.125 ± 0.125 (T2), and 1.5 ± 0.1 (T3), with the best improvement observed in T2.

Qualitative Study of Household Contacts’ Perceptions of Barriers to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission in the Kedaton Community Health Center Work Area, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

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Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem due to the high potential for transmission to family members living in the same house as the sufferer. Although various health education has been provided, transmission prevention behavior has not been carried out optimally and continuously. This study aims to examine the perception of barriers in household contact families regarding the transmission of pulmonary TB. The study was conducted using a qualitative method through a case study design in the working area of ​​the UPT Kedaton Health Center, Bandar Lampung, Lampung province Indonesia. Research informants consisted of 15 household contact family members, 1 health cadre, and 1 health worker selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed thematically based on the HBM construct. The results of the study indicate that the perception of barriers (perceived barriers) in the prevention and treatment of Pulmonary TB in household contact families still varies. Some informants admitted that they did not experience significant obstacles in carrying out preventive behaviors or accessing health services. Factors of cost, time, and access to health services were considered quite affordable due to the support of health facilities, BPJS, the environment, and family. This study found that perceived barriers were the most dominant factor influencing TB prevention behavior. These barriers included daily habits, environmental influences, social stigma, economic constraints, and low social support, all of which contributed to suboptimal TB prevention behavior. Furthermore, there are still beliefs that TB is caused by hereditary factors or mystical elements such as witchcraft. These findings emphasize the need for communicative, ongoing, and culturally appropriate health education to improve TB prevention behavior among household contacts.

Artificial Intelligence and Human Capital in The Context of Economic Security and Sustainable Development of Tourism

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In the context of increasing global economic instability, accelerated digitalization and increased security requirements, the tourism industry is faced with the need for a radical transformation of management models and the focus of this study is the interaction between intelligent technologies and human capital in the context of risk management, security and organizational resilience. For this purpose, the role of artificial intelligence and human capital as key factors for economic security and sustainable development of tourism is analyzed. Through a theoretical and conceptual approach, the study explores good practices for the integration of artificial intelligence with human capital, contributing to stability, competitiveness and long-term sustainability in the tourism industry. The article argues that sustainable tourism development requires a balanced approach, in which artificial intelligence serves as a supporting tool, while human capital retains its central role in strategic decision-making, ethical management and security management in tourism development. Through a theoretical and conceptual approach and a study of good practices.

Community Structure and Seasonal Dynamics of Wetland Birds in a Tropical Inland Wetland, Kilpathi Lake, Vriddhachalam, Tamil Nadu, India

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Wetland ecosystems play a critical role in supporting avian biodiversity, particularly in tropical regions. The present study evaluates the diversity, habitat selection and seasonal dynamics of wetland bird communities in Kilpathi Lake, Tamil Nadu, India, over a six-month period from September 2025 to February 2026. Standard ornithological survey techniques, including point count and line transect methods were employed to document species composition and abundance. A total of 18 species belonging to 6 families and 5 orders were recorded. Simpson’s Diversity Index (1–D) indicated higher diversity during winter (0.71 ± 0.02) compared to monsoon (0.68 ± 0.02). Seasonal analysis revealed variations in abundance, density and relative abundance of species with Egretta garzetta, Ardeola grayii and Microcarbo niger emerging as dominant taxa. The overall bird density was higher in winter (3984.19 individuals/km²) than in monsoon (2765.46 individuals/km²). Habitat selection was strongly influenced by water depth, vegetation structure and resource availability. The findings highlight the ecological importance of small inland wetlands as critical habitats for sustaining avian diversity and emphasize the need for targeted conservation strategies in human-modified landscapes.

Swearing Beyond Insult: A Semiotic Analysis of Swear Words as Emotional Communication

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Swearing has been associated to offensive words, hostility, and insults. Yet, today’s, instead of being just offensive, swear words regularly use as emotional and relational resources in daily conversations. This article looks at swearing words that use as signs for emotional communication in everyday communications of people who has similar and intense situation. This study observes how swear words serve as indicators of annoyance, empathy, humor, and solidarity by analyzing naturally occurring conversational data using a semiotic approach. The results show, the changing of taboo language in daily interaction in intense situations, functions as a communication technique that strengthens interpersonal ties and shared emotional experiences.

Health Worker Performance Factors in the Implementation of Infection Prevention and Control: A Literature Review

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Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is a crucial component in improving the quality of care and patient safety in healthcare facilities. The success of IPC implementation is significantly influenced by the performance of healthcare workers in consistently implementing infection prevention standards and procedures. Poor adherence to IPC can increase the incidence of nosocomial infections, length of stay in hospital, mortality, and healthcare costs. This literature review aims to analyze factors influencing the performance of healthcare workers in implementing IPC. This study employed a literature review method, collecting literature through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar using the Boolean operators AND and OR. The literature was limited to articles from 2021 to 2025 that discussed individual, psychological, and organizational factors in IPC implementation. The study results indicate that individual factors include knowledge and tenure. Psychological factors include motivation and attitude. Organizational factors include the availability of resources and facilities, supervision, compensation systems, and workload. IPC implementation is influenced by interrelated individual, psychological, and organizational factors, requiring a comprehensive approach to improving IPC compliance and patient safety.

Qualitative Study of Effectiveness of Early Warning System and Dengue Fever Case Response in West Tulang Bawang Regency, Lampung, Indonesia

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The Early Warning and Response System (EWARS) plays a role in detecting potential outbreaks of infectious diseases through weekly reports. West Tulang Bawang Regency experienced an increase in dengue fever cases in 2024–2025, but the early detection function of the EWARS has not been running optimally as indicated by the still low number of alerts compared to the number of reported cases. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the EWARS for dengue fever cases in West Tulang Bawang Regency, Lampung, Indonesia. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection was carried out from October to December 2025 in three community health centers with 14 research informants consisting of village cadres, village midwives, community health center surveillance officers, Health Office surveillance officers, community health center heads, and village heads selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation with thematic data analysis. Input components: training is not evenly distributed, competencies are not in accordance with education, limited funds that are not specifically for EWARS reporting, limited facilities and infrastructure (computers, internet network constraints and disruptions to the EWARS web application system). Process components: tiered data collection from networks, health centers via WA to health offices, health centers do not yet have access to the EWARS web application, manual data entry, data validation for signal verification (alert), data presentation in graphical form, feedback via weekly bulletins in the WA group, monitoring, evaluation and follow-up have been carried out according to procedures. The effectiveness of EWARS for DHF cases in West Tulang Bawang Regency is influenced by limited funding, limited facilities and infrastructure, staff competencies that do not match education, uneven training causes different understanding of staff, implementers do not understand what to report, so that cases that are often reported are cases that are already positive or cases that have been treated in hospitals, this is not in accordance with the principles of EWARS. There is a need to increase human resource capacity, provide adequate facilities and infrastructure, integrate web-based reporting systems at the community health center level and mobile SDKR at the network level, encourage symptom-based reporting and provide funding support.