A Conceptualized Framework of Ethical and Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Higher Education Ecosystem

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This study presents results of a systematic literature review (SLR) of the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in higher education, identify patterns of ethical and irresponsible use, and propose a conceptual framework for predicting ethical AI adoption. Following PRISMA guidelines, was conducted on 60 peer-reviewed studies published between 2022 and 2026, sourced from Google Scholar. Studies were mapped against four research questions addressing AI tools used, their applications, reported unethical practices, and predictive modelling approaches. Results reveal that general AI, generative AI tools, and large language models dominate higher education contexts, primarily deployed for personalized learning, academic work, and teaching. Irresponsible practices were documented in one-third of studies, including academic integrity breaches (13.33%), algorithmic bias,  and privacy violations. Critically, no existing study developed a real-time predictive model capable of monitoring ethical AI use, despite four studies demonstrating predictive modelling capabilities for other purposes. This study addresses a significant gap by proposing a novel conceptual framework that integrates AI tool deployment, user behaviour, governance measures, and predictive analytics to forecast ethical outcomes. The framework provides higher education institutions with a pathway toward data-informed, proactive governance of AI technologies.

The Effect of Deforestation on Araceae Hemiepiphyte Populations in Toili-Bulan Track Area, Central Sulawesi

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Tropical forests are highly dynamic ecosystems that support diverse plant communities, including hemiepiphytes that depend on stable microclimatic conditions and complex forest structures. However, increasing deforestation has altered these environments, potentially affecting the survival and distribution of sensitive plant groups. This study aims to analyze the impact of deforestation on the population structure and diversity of Araceae hemiepiphytes in the Toili–Bulan track area, Central Sulawesi. The research integrates remote sensing analysis of land cover change from 2019 to 2023 with field-based vegetation surveys conducted in 2023. Land cover analysis using Sentinel-2 imagery revealed a significant decrease in forest area by 10.85%, accompanied by a substantial increase in mixed dryland agriculture (29.46%), indicating that agricultural expansion is the primary driver of deforestation. Vegetation analysis recorded 285 individuals/ha of Araceae hemiepiphytes across 13 species, with Pothos tener and Rhaphidophora species showing the highest abundance and ecological importance. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’ = 2.39) indicated moderate species diversity. The findings demonstrate a strong relationship between forest degradation and hemiepiphyte populations, where reduced canopy cover and loss of mature host trees negatively affect habitat availability and microclimatic stability. Consequently, areas experiencing higher levels of deforestation exhibit lower population density and diversity of hemiepiphytic species. This study highlights the ecological sensitivity of Araceae hemiepiphytes to forest disturbance and underscores the importance of conserving forest structure to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem stability in tropical forests.

Socially Responsible Consumption: Myths And Realities in the Context of Agri-Food Companies

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The objective of this article was to analyze the factors explaining socially responsible consumption within agri-food companies in Cameroon. We achieved this by conducting a quantitative study using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The questionnaire was administered to 50 respondents, whose responses were coded using SPSS software, and the determinants of SRC were highlighted using SmartPLS software. The main finding is that all the factors studied have a positive impact on the implementation of SRC in agri-food companies in Cameroon, but with very different degrees of influence; they must therefore be ranked in order of importance. However, governance and certification criteria are more important than the others.

Current Situation of Inclusive Education for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Attending some Primary Schools in Ho Chi Minh City

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This article studies the current state of inclusive education for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in several primary schools in Ho Chi Minh City. The research focuses on evaluating the level of inclusive education implementation, the awareness and competence of teachers, and the support available to students with ASD in the school environment. The results show that inclusive education has received attention and implementation, but some difficulties still exist, such as limitations in teachers’ expertise, lack of support resources, and ineffective coordination between schools and families. Therefore, this paper proposes several measures to improve the effectiveness of inclusive education for children with autism spectrum disorder in primary schools.

The Interrelation among Obesity, Climate Change and the Food Industry

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Climate change poses a significant threat to natural ecosystems and human societies, while the global obesity pandemic constitutes a major public health challenge. These two phenomena are increasingly recognized as interconnected, with both influencing and being influenced by the food industry. The present study investigates the interrelationship among obesity, climate change, and the food industry, examining the interactions and mutual dependencies among these three domains. Their interlinkages are analyzed separately and their systemic interactions are highlighted. The results indicate that obesity, climate change, and the food industry are strongly interconnected and mutually influential. Consequently, changes in one of these domains can produce significant effects on the others. The findings suggest that the development of sustainable, low-carbon and climate-resilient agricultural systems capable of producing sufficient and nutritious food with minimal environmental impacts is urgently required. Furthermore, a strategic reorientation of the food industry toward the production of healthier food products with lower environmental footprints is necessary. Finally, the promotion through public policies of healthy dietary patterns with low greenhouse gas emissions could simultaneously reduce obesity prevalence and contribute to climate change mitigation. The findings of this study may be useful to policy makers, climate scientists, medical professionals, the food industry, farmers, and civil society organizations seeking to address these major challenges of the 21st century.

Measures to Develop Language for 3-4 Years Old Preschoolers Through Picture Storytelling Activities

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Language is a tool for children to communicate and exchange. Lean on language, children can express their thoughts and expand their communication skills in learning and playing. The task of language development for children is one of the important aims in the childhood education. Preschool teachers need to develop children’s language in all kinds of educational activities anywhere, anytime in the preschool. One of the activities that create an opportunity for children to develop language is storytelling with picture activities. Through storytelling with picture activities helps children develop coherent language, clearer pronunciation, and increases their vocabulary. In addition, storytelling with picture activities is a tool of comprehensively education children.

Head and Neck Alignment for Optimal Glottic view at Paediatric Laryngoscopy: Comparison of two Anatomical Axes

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Background: Suboptimal head-neck alignment in children, with consequent poor glottic visualisation, results in delayed tracheal intubation cascading to peri-intubation sequelae.

Objective: To determine the degree of glottic view achieved in children during direct rigid laryngoscopy for orotracheal intubation with head-neck alignment done keeping the suprasternal notch-auditory meatus (SN-AM) axis versus the sternal angle-auditory meatus (SA-AM) axis, horizontally.

Methods: Following ethical clearance and informed parental consent, 68 children aged 1 – 6 years, of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II, were randomized into two groups of pre-intubation head-neck alignments: group A used horizontal SN-AM axis, while group B adopted horizontal SA-AM axis, for the alignment. Degree of glottic view achieved, tracheal intubation attempts, external laryngeal backward upward rightward pressure (BURP) manoeuvre and grade were recorded. Glottic view achieved and grade of BURP applied were assessed using the Cormack-Lehane grading and three-point Likert scales respectively; the time to orotracheal intubation (TTOTI), defined as the period from removal of preoxygenating face mask to first capnographic evidence of correct tracheal tube placement, and immediate post-intubation arterial Oxygen saturation (SpO2) also were recorded.

Results: All 68 children completed the study. The groups were comparable in Cormack-Lehane grades of glottic visualisation, P=0.611, with statistically similar BURP application, P=0.642. The mean TTOTI (26.97±2.58 versus 26.41±2.68) in seconds, and the peri-intubation mean percentage SpO2 (95.08±1.08 versus 94.85±0.957) showed no significant difference, P=0.383 and 0.346, respectively, with zero occurrence of peri-intubation complications, in the groups.

Conclusion: In children aged 1-6 years, the degree of glottic visualisation achieved at conventional rigid laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation, is similar between head-neck alignment done by keeping the SN-AM axis in horizontal plane and head-neck alignment done by keeping the SA-AM axis horizontally.

Behavioral and Environmental Risk Factors of Malaria Incidence: A Spatial Analysis in a Rural Endemic Area of Eastern Indonesia

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Malaria remains a significant public health problem in East Sumba Regency, particularly in rural areas with ecological conditions favorable for Anopheles vector breeding. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between behavioral and household environmental risk factors and malaria incidence and to map the spatial distribution of cases in Mau Bokul Village. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 194 respondents during August–September 2025. Data were obtained through microscopic examination of thick blood smears, structured questionnaire interviews, and geographic coordinate mapping using Avenza Maps. Statistical analysis used Fisher’s Exact Test, while spatial analysis applied buffering and overlay techniques. The prevalence of malaria was 4.1% (8 cases). Significant associations were found between malaria incidence and not using bed nets (p < 0.001), nighttime outdoor activities (p < 0.001), sleeping outdoors (p < 0.001), non-permanent house walls (p = 0.001), absence of window screens (p = 0.028), and proximity to rivers (p = 0.001). Spatial analysis demonstrated clustering of cases within a 500-meter buffer radius from the river. These findings indicate that sleeping outdoors and residence near river areas were the most strongly associated factors with malaria incidence. The study provides spatial evidence that malaria transmission in rural endemic settings tends to cluster around river buffer zones, emphasizing the importance of integrating GIS-based surveillance with environmental management and behavior-focused interventions to support malaria control and elimination strategies in similar endemic regions.

Exploring the Lived Experiences of University Students: The Influence of Parental, and Peer Expectations and Mental Health in Lusaka, Zambia

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University students globally navigate significant expectations from parents and peers, which can profoundly impact their mental health. While these expectations can motivate, they often generate stress and anxiety, particularly when perceived as unrealistic. Existing literature highlights this dual effect, but there is a scarcity of qualitative, in-depth research on this topic within the African, and specifically Zambian, higher education context. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of university students in Lusaka, Zambia, regarding the influence of parental and peer expectations and mental health. Its specific objectives were to: explore parental expectations and mental health based on students’ experiences; explore peer expectations and mental health based on students’ experiences; and determine whether students perceive these expectations as contributing positively or negatively to their overall mental health.

This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of university students in Lusaka, Zambia, regarding the influence of parental, peer expectations and mental health. Utilizing a phenomenological research design, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 university students, of which 11 students were from the University of Zambia, and 9 students were from Levy Mwanawasa Medical University. A focus group discussion was utilized as a second data collection method, with 8 university students from the initial group of students that participated in the interview process, 3  university students of which were from Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, and 5 university students were from the University of Zambia. All university students who participated, were aged 18–27. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data.

Findings reveal that parental expectations are a pervasive and powerful influence, often centered on academic and career success. While these expectations were sometimes described as motivating and linked to improved academic performance, they more frequently generated significant psychological distress, including stress, anxiety, feelings of being overwhelmed, and a loss of autonomy, particularly when perceived as unrealistic or misaligned with the student’s own goals. Peer expectations primarily manifested as pressure to perform academically and conform socially. Their impact was more varied; some students reported resilience and motivation from positive peer influence, while others experienced anxiety and social pressure to meet group norms.

Overall, the study concludes that expectations act as a double-edged sword. Their effect on mental health is contingent on their nature, source, and the individual’s perception. The study highlights the critical role of balancing high expectations with emotional support and autonomy to safeguard student well-being. It recommends enhanced university support services and culturally sensitive interventions to help students navigate these pressures and promote mental health in the Zambian higher education context.

The Role of Technical Drawing in Enhancing Vocational Skills within Higher Education Programs (A Case Study of the Civil and Hydrotechnical Departments, Construction Faculty, Jawzjan University)

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Technical drawing is a fundamental component of engineering and technical education, serving as an essential foundation for engineers, architects, and vocational professionals. It plays a critical role in developing spatial thinking, graphical literacy, and vocational competencies required for effective learning and professional practice in technical fields. This study aims to examine the importance of technical drawing in higher education curricula and its role in enhancing vocational skills and spatial cognition among university students. The research is applied in purpose and adopts a descriptive–analytical design. The statistical population consists of 70 undergraduate students enrolled in 2025 from the Industrial Construction, Civil Engineering, and Hydrotechnical Construction departments of the Faculty of Construction at Jawzjan University. Data were collected through educational document analysis and structured questionnaires, and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics and graphical representations. The findings reveal that prior exposure to geometry, trigonometry, and other graphical subjects at the secondary school level, as well as achieving high scores in the national university entrance examination (Kankor), significantly influence students’ performance in technical drawing courses. Students with adequate graphical preparation demonstrate stronger learning outcomes, while those lacking such preparation face noticeable difficulties. Moreover, the results indicate that technical drawing education contributes substantially to the improvement of vocational skills, spatial thinking, and students’ engagement in practical activities. The study concludes that effective instruction in technical drawing plays a vital role in enhancing the quality of technical and vocational education. The integration of modern educational technologies, along with strengthening students’ foundational knowledge before entering higher education, significantly improves learning outcomes. Therefore, technical drawing should be regarded as a core subject in technical curricula and continuously updated to meet the demands of the contemporary technological era.