Articles

The Influence of Education and Motivation on Non-Adherence to Prep Use Among Men Who have Sex with Men in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

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Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health problem, especially in high-risk groups of men who have sex with men (MSM). Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention strategy, but its success is highly dependent on the level of adherence to use.

Objective: This study aims to analyse the effect of education and motivation on non-adherence to PrEP use in men who have sex with men in Kemiling District, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia.

Methods: This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach conducted in January–February 2026 with a sample of 64 respondents selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, with non-adherence measured using the MMAS-8, and analysed using the Chi-Square test.

Results: The results showed that education (p=0.016; OR=4.427; 95% CI: 1.441–13.602) and motivation (p=0.003; OR=6.240; 95% CI: 1.923–20.248) significantly influenced non-adherence to PrEP use. Respondents with higher education and good motivation tended to be more adherent compared to respondents with lower education and less motivation.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that education and motivation are important factors influencing non-adherence to PrEP use. Therefore, interventions that emphasize increasing health literacy and strengthening motivation through ongoing education and counselling are needed to improve PrEP adherence in the MSM population.

Rethinking Nigeria’s Education: A Philosophical Analysis of Transforming the Education System to Meet 21st Century Compliance

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Rethinking Nigeria’s education system is imperative to meet the demands of the 21st century. This philosophical analysis examines the need for transformation in Nigeria’s education system, highlighting the gaps between current practices and 21st-century compliance. The analysis reveals that the existing system prioritizes rote memorization over critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills, rendering it ineffective in preparing students for an increasingly complex world. This study argues that a paradigm shift is necessary to align Nigeria’s education system with 21st-century requirements. It proposes a student-centered approach that emphasizes competency-based education, technology integration, and community engagement. By adopting this approach, Nigeria can develop a more inclusive, effective, and resilient education system that prepare students for success in an interconnected world. The analysis draws on philosophical perspectives, including existentialism, phenomenology, and critical theory, to critically examine the underlying assumptions and values that shape Nigeria’s education system. It also explores the implications of these perspectives for transforming the system, highlighting the need for a more nuanced understanding of knowledge, learning, and education. Ultimately, this study contributes to the ongoing conversation about education reform in Nigeria, offering a philosophical framework for rethinking the education system. By challenging existing assumptions and proposing alternative approaches, this analysis aims to inspire policymakers, educators, and stakeholders to work towards creating a 21st-century compliant education system that unlocks the full potential of Nigeria’s citizens.

Knowledge and Attitudes toward Reproductive Health among Female Teacher Training Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nusa Cendana University

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Background: Reproductive health among adolescents and young adults remains a public health priority in Indonesia, including East Nusa Tenggara. Limited literacy and unfavorable attitudes increase risks of unintended pregnancy, risky sexual behaviors, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This topic is particularly salient for female students in the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education as future educators, while sociocultural norms and taboos can impede discourse.

Objective: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and their association regarding reproductive health among female students in the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Nusa Cendana University. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 135 participants selected via cluster and stratified random sampling across nine programs. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on knowledge and attitudes. Univariate summaries and Chi-square tests (SPSS v30) were applied with a 0.05 significance level. Some cells in the contingency table had expected counts <5, violating the Chi-square assumption. Therefore, variable categories were collapsed, or an alternative test, such as Fisher’s exact test, was used for inferential analysis, and the effect size (Cramér’s V) = 0,564.

Results: Good knowledge was observed in 66.7% of respondents, moderate in 14.1%, and low in 19.3%. Positive attitudes were reported by 85.2% and negative by 14.8%. Knowledge level was significantly associated with attitudes (chi-square = 43.001; p < 0.001, Cramér’s V = 0.564, large). Sensitivity analysis by collapsing knowledge categories (moderate + low) confirmed robustness (Fisher’s exact p < 0.001; phi ≈ 0.55).

Conclusions: Higher knowledge is associated with more favorable attitudes toward reproductive health. Integrating comprehensive, culturally sensitive, and evidence-based reproductive health education within teacher-training curricula is recommended, with emphasis on digital literacy and curated information sources.

Relationship Between Training Pedagogy and Students’ Acquisition of Employable Skills at Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutions

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Effective teaching pedagogy is critical for acquiring employable skills in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. A good pedagogy fosters innovation and transforms lessons into trainee-centered activities, thereby enhancing skill acquisition. This study examines the relationship between training pedagogy and acquiring employable skills among students in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. It highlights how various pedagogical approaches, including competency-based education and dual training systems, contribute to the development of practical and technical skills necessary for the labor market. The findings reveal that trainers’ qualifications, including industrial attachments, positively influence skill transfer, although limited participation in professional development programs and gaps in infrastructure hinder optimal outcomes. The study highlights the importance of aligning training methodologies with industry requirements through enhanced collaboration between stakeholders. It also emphasizes the need for increased investment in infrastructure and teaching resources, alongside integrating soft skills into training curricula to ensure holistic employability. This research provides actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and industry leaders to improve TVET systems and prepare graduates for dynamic work environments.

Workplace Learning and Collaborative Learning: Insights and Applications in Azerbaijan’s Education System

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This article explores the significance of workplace learning and collaborative learning, focusing on their applications within Azerbaijan’s education system. By analyzing global best practices and local contexts, the article identifies key strategies to enhance the professional development of educators and students. Workplace learning is examined as a mechanism for continuous professional growth through structured and unstructured experiences in educational settings. Collaborative learning is discussed as a dynamic process that enhances critical thinking, teamwork, and adaptability among students and educators alike. Findings emphasize the integration of collaborative methodologies into workplace environments, fostering innovation and adaptability in educational practices. The article also highlights the challenges that hinder the full implementation of these methods, including cultural barriers, resource limitations, and policy gaps. Actionable solutions, such as infrastructure development, targeted training programs, and cultural shifts toward teamwork, are proposed. These insights aim to contribute to the ongoing educational reforms in Azerbaijan, providing a roadmap for fostering a more inclusive and effective learning ecosystem.

Philosophical and Methodological Analysis of the Transformation of Paradigms of Science and Education

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The article provides a philosophical analysis of nonlinear thinking, shows the relationship of paradigmatic changes in the “science – education” system. The essence of the concepts of instability and nonlinearity in the framework of the theory of synergetics is revealed. The transformation of the paradigm of science and its influence on the model of education is shown. The paradigm of education in a digital society is considered. The position is substantiated that the theoretical and methodological basis of the dynamics of socio-cultural reality is synergetics and nonlinear analysis.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence ChatGPT in Learning Planning in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0

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Artificial intelligence allows computers to process vast amounts of information and data, providing computer-based conclusions in a relatively short and fast time. The use of artificial intelligence in education is one of the hallmarks of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era, characterized by automation and data exchange, where people seek, cite, analyze data and information, and access cloud services via the internet. This journal article will review various aspects of the utilization of Chat GPT in academia and education. Through an analytical and evaluative approach, we will investigate important issues that need to be understood and addressed in the use of this technology. Additionally, we will provide recommendations and guidelines to ensure the ethical and responsible use of Chat GPT within academic and educational settings. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and a literature review method. ChatGPT has become an artificial intelligence tool capable of attracting over 100 million active users per month in a relatively short time. The use of ChatGPT in education offers numerous benefits for students, including increased engagement, motivation, and 21st-century skills. ChatGPT positively impacts the anxiety experienced by students, helping them develop confidence and skills necessary for success in academic life. For teachers, the use of ChatGPT brings significant changes to teaching practices, enhancing teaching skills, providing support in student assessment, and reducing administrative workload. Additionally, projections for the hardware and AI services market indicate substantial growth potential in the future. Overall, the development of ChatGPT and the utilization of AI technology promise various benefits that can enhance the efficiency and quality of education in the era of Education 4.0.

Analysis of Factors in Reducing the Incidence of Anemia in Adolescent Girls at Ummi Kulsum Banjaran SMP Bandung District

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Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood. In Indonesia, around 90% of women menstruate every month, but the onset of menstruation can cause anemia for teenagers who experience it. This is caused by several things, of course because there is irregular bleeding, this is caused by the teenager’s age itself. , parental factors, including education and work, each person’s food intake/nutritional status, and also the menstrual cycle/length of menstruation experienced each month. This research aims to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of anemia in adolescent girls at Umi Kulsum Banjaran Middle School in 2022. The research method used is a quantitative analytical approach research design with a cross sectional research design. The research population was all 120 female students and the sample used was 55 people using the random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews and direct examination of respondents. Data analysis went through three stages, univariate (frequency distribution), bivariate (chi square) and multivariate analysis (Logistic Regression). The results of the research show that there are factors that are associated with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls, including age, nutritional status and length of menstruation with a p-value <0.05. It is recommended that students increase their knowledge about reproductive health, especially those related to enstruation, educational institutions can optimize education about adolescent reproductive health by collaborating with health workers in the surrounding environment.

The Influence of Technological Literacy, Education, and Employment on Poverty in Kalimantan

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Poverty is a condition in which individuals or groups lack sufficient resources to meet their basic needs. It is a fundamental issue that can affect the economic growth rate of a region. This study aims to analyze the influence of labor force absorption, percentage of computer users, telecommunications consumption, and education level on the number of poor people in the provinces of Kalimantan Island from 2018 to 2022 using panel data regression analysis. The results from the selected Fixed Effects model indicate that telecommunications consumption has a positive impact on the number of poor people, while the education level has a negative impact on the number of poor people. However, labor force absorption and the percentage of computer users do not significantly influence the number of poor people. Based on the research findings, it is hoped that the government can create an extensive telecommunications network. The expectation is that communication facilities and infrastructure will be widely available, leading to reduced telecommunications expenses for the population, allowing them to allocate their money towards daily essential needs. Additionally, adequate communication facilities are expected to aid the teaching and learning process in Kalimantan Island, as the improvement in educational quality has proven to decrease the poverty rate during the research period.

 

Balancing Teacher–Led And Student–Led Activities When Teaching Foreign Languages to Students at Uzbekistan’s State Conservatory

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This paper will look at the issue of implementing new work methods in English classes at the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan. Recently, there has been a lot of debate on whether to switch to a student–centered method or stick with the traditional model, in which the teacher entirely controls the process. There has been the need to employ innovative ways for motivating students and monitoring learning activities in the process of learning foreign languages in the digital educational environment. The paper argues that most students, regardless of their level, prefer cooperative learning and value teacher assistance. The forms of education that students select are determined by their attitude toward the learning process. The combined learning process allows language learners to cooperate with their teacher and fellow students, resulting in changes in the connection between teachers and students in which students’ personal interests and professional aspirations are taken into account. In the case of teaching conservatory students, it was discovered that student–centered training was less beneficial for those of students that just starting to learn English language as well as for the students at an intermediate level, but showed good results for the students approaching a more advanced level of understanding.