Peer Interaction and Emotional Resilience Among Early Adolescents: A Correlational Study of Junior Secondary School Students

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This study aimed to empirically investigate the relationship between peer interaction and emotional resilience among seventh-grade students at MTs As-Salam Palembang. A quantitative research approach was employed in this study. This study employed a quantitative research method. The population consisted of 263 seventh-grade students at MTs As-Salam Palembang, distributed across six classes: 44 students in class VII A, 44 students in class VII B, 44 students in class VII C, 44 students in class VII D, 43 students in class VII E, and 44 students in class VII F. Based on the Isaac and Michael sampling table with a 5% margin of error, 149 students were selected as the research sample. Meanwhile, the remaining 101 students were involved in the instrument tryout Data were collected using questionnaires administered both directly and through online platforms. The research instruments employed a Likert scale consisting of the Emotional Resilience Scale and the Peer Interaction Scale. Based on the results of the simple linear regression analysis, the correlation coefficient was r = 0.508 with a significance value of p = 0.000, indicating a highly significant positive relationship between Peer Interaction and Emotional Resilience among seventh-grade students at MTs As-Salam Palembang. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.258, indicating that Peer Interaction contributed 25.8% to Emotional Resilience, while the remaining 74.2% was influenced by other factors outside the variables examined in this study. There is a very significant relationship between peer interaction and emotional resilience among seventh-grade students at MTs AsSalam Palembang. This means that the better the interaction between students and their peers, the higher their emotional resilience. Conversely, the lower the quality of peer interaction, the lower the students’ emotional resilience tends to be.

From Component Reliability to Dynamic Predictive Reliability: A Multilayer Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems

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The reliability of cyber-physical systems (CPS) cannot be reduced to the failure probability of individual hardware components. Modern industrial, urban, educational and energy CPS combine physical processes, sensors, communication networks, software services, control algorithms, cyber-security mechanisms, human operators and environmental conditions. This paper proposes an integral-predictive view of CPS reliability based on two complementary models: the multilayer integral reliability index of a cyber-physical system (MINKFS) and the dynamic cognitive-predictive reliability model (DKPN). The framework takes different types of signals, converts them into standardized layer indices, combines them using a weighted structure, and updates the current reliability estimate by adding the predicted chance of future failure.  The empirical part uses a synthetic industrial CPS dataset of 336 hourly observations and demonstrates how layer statistics, scenario analysis, operational regimes and criticality rankings can support early warning and preventive decision-making. The model transforms diverse inputs to normalized layer indexes, integrates these using a weighted integrative model, and adds the forecast probability of future failure to the present measure of reliability. The empirical part studies a fabricated data set related to industrial CPS which consists of 336 hourly measurements and provides a demonstration of how layer, scenario, regime and criticality information is used for detection and prevention. It was observed that the cyber-resilience layer had the lowest average reliability as well as the highest critical contribution, whereas communications and environment-energy layers were characterized by high volatility. Cyber event scenario resulted in the lowest predictive reliability and highest likelihood of failure. These results confirm the thesis that reliability of a CPS is better analyzed as a time-dependent, interpretable, and scenario-dependent feature instead of being just another component coefficient.

Automation Efficiency in Cyber-Physical Systems: Interaction Between Technical Performance and Algorithmic Intelligence

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The performance of a cyber-physical system cannot be judged reliably from a single engineering variable. In the investigated micro-CPS, response time, communication latency and throughput describe the technical layer, whereas prediction accuracy captures the contribution of the learning component. The present paper examines how these two dimensions interact and how their combined effect is reflected in an overall efficiency index. A quasi-experimental comparison was carried out for a logistics and warehouse control configuration equipped with connected sensing, real-time data exchange and machine-learning support, and for a functionally similar conventional automated system. The empirical analysis was based on six variables, which were first standardized using z-scores and then assigned to four domains: technical efficiency, algorithmic intelligence, resource and energy efficiency, and economic efficiency. A clear difference emerged between the two system architectures. The CPS produced a mean composite index of 0.954, whereas the conventional automated system had a mean value of −0.954. The regression results further showed that technical efficiency and algorithmic intelligence contributed most strongly to the overall index. Of particular interest was their interaction. The interaction between technical efficiency and algorithmic intelligence was statistically significant (B = 0.154, β = 0.267, p = 0.004).  This interaction included to the model increased R² from 0.93 to 0.95. The finding indicates that the contribution of algorithmic intelligence to overall system performance depends, at least partly, on the level of technical efficiency achieved by the system. Rather, their contribution becomes more pronounced when the control and communication infrastructure already performs reliably. The sensitivity analysis led to the same overall ordering of the two architectures under alternative weighting schemes. Within the scope of the available dataset, this provides additional evidence that the observed difference is not simply an artefact of the selected weights.

Protect, Preserve, and Conserve in Environmental English: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Collocation and Semantic Preference

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Environmental discourse frequently employs the near-synonymous verbs protect, preserve, and conserve to describe forms of ecological stewardship. Although the three verbs share a broad semantic domain, their actual distribution may reveal differences in collocational behavior and semantic preference. This study investigates the collocational profiles and semantic preferences of protect, preserve, and conserve in contemporary environmental English using a specialized 10-million-word corpus, the Contemporary Environmental English Corpus (CEEC-10M), comprising policy and treaty documents, academic environmental writing, and environmental journalism published between 2016 and 2026. Using AntConc 4.2, the study examines the target verbs and their recurrent collocates within a symmetrical L5-R5 window. Candidate collocates are filtered using a minimum raw-frequency threshold of 15 and an MI threshold of 4.5, followed by concordance inspection and semantic categorization. The results indicate three partially overlapping but distinguishable lexical profiles. Protect shows a broad preference for vulnerable people, species, habitats, ecosystems, and other entities conceptualized as exposed to harm or external pressure. Preserve is more strongly associated with biodiversity, cultural heritage, integrity, historical sites, and existing ecological or cultural states, suggesting a preference for continuity and maintenance. Conserve is particularly associated with water resources, energy, natural resources, soil, and ecosystems, reflecting a stronger orientation toward resource management and sustainable use. The findings demonstrate that near-synonymous verbs cannot be adequately distinguished through dictionary definitions alone. Corpus evidence provides a more precise account of their preferred lexical and semantic environments and offers implications for Environmental English, English for Specific Purposes, and advanced EFL vocabulary instruction.

Conventional Ion-Exchange and Chelating Resins for Metal Recovery: A Critical Comparison of Selectivity, Dynamic Performance, Regeneration, and Process Integration

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Conventional ion-exchange and chelating resins are widely used for metal recovery, purification, and polishing, yet they are still frequently compared using equilibrium capacity rather than process function. This structured critical review examines how charge-driven exchange and ligand-controlled coordination translate into selectivity, kinetics, breakthrough behavior, regeneration, fouling, resin lifetime, and flowsheet integration. Topic-structured searches covering 2018–31 August 2026 yielded 313 candidate records, of which 110 peer-reviewed publications were retained for critical synthesis. Evidence was weighted from batch equilibrium and kinetic studies through fixed-bed or reactor operation, regeneration, real-matrix validation, pilot or multicolumn demonstrations, and selected industrial-scale applications. Across rare-earth elements, Cu–Ni–Co systems, battery-recycling liquors, Sc/V/Ga separations, Zr/Hf and radionuclide systems, precious metals, and industrial wastewaters, the evidence shows that equilibrium qmax and single-solute distribution coefficients are poor stand-alone indicators of process readiness. Representative dynamic studies report outcomes ranging from a Cu breakthrough capacity of 16.51 mg g−1 to an REE eluate concentration factor of 236×, while selected continuous and industrial-scale studies demonstrate high product purity, sustained metal recovery, and concentrated regenerates when feed chemistry and cycle design are controlled. Conventional and chelating resins are therefore best viewed as complementary rather than substitutive technologies. The review proposes a minimum reporting framework for scale-up-relevant studies based on representative feed chemistry, working capacity, breakthrough criteria, regenerant demand, product purity, multicycle durability, and flowsheet integration. Hybrid flowsheets emerge as a particularly defensible strategy for converting resin selectivity into process value.

The Relationship between New Media Literacy and Social Media Addiction Among University Personnel

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This study examines the relationship between new media literacy and social media addiction among university personnel. Designed as a quantitative study using correlational survey and causal-comparative designs, it included 237 academic and administrative staff members at Istanbul Gelisim University. Data were collected with the New Media Literacy Scale and the Social Media Addiction Scale and analyzed using Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis H, and Spearman rank-order correlation. Findings show that participants had high new media literacy levels, while social media addiction scores clustered toward the upper end of the scale range. Significant differences emerged in functional consumption by gender, in selected dimensions by age and education level, and in most new media literacy dimensions by the most frequently used platform. The most notable result was a strong positive relationship between total new media literacy and total social media addiction scores (r = .806; p < .001). These findings suggest that digital competence does not automatically ensure controlled use.

Effect of Different Soil Amendments on Growth, Yield, and Yield Components of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) Variety 08 Zudrus

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This study was conducted from May–September 2025 / the 2025 growing season at the Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield, and yield components of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) variety 08 Zudrus. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments with three replications. Treatments included a control, NPK fertilizer, XiR Biomass containing 10% humic acid, and XiR Biomass containing 20% humic acid. Data on growth, yield components, and yield parameters were analyzed using STAR software (version 2.0.1) through analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% significance level. Fertilizer treatments significantly influenced several growth and yield traits. XiR Biomass containing 20% humic acid produced the tallest plants (35.10 cm), the highest number of pods per plant (10.53), and the greatest biological yield (7851.63 kg ha⁻¹), whereas XiR Biomass containing 10% humic acid produced the highest grain yield (2202.38 kg ha⁻¹) and number of grains per pod (11.00). In contrast, tiller number, branch number, pod length, pod width, and 100-seed weight were not significantly affected. Overall, XiR Biomass organic fertilizers showed greater potential than NPK fertilizer for improving mung bean growth and productivity under the agro-ecological conditions of Kabul.

Formation of the Topography and Developmental Dynamics of the Kitab-Shahrisabz Oasis

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This study examines the formation of the historical topography and the developmental dynamics of the Kitab-Shahrisabz Oasis in southern Central Asia from antiquity to the early twentieth century. The aim is to reconstruct the principal stages of urban development of Kitab and Shahrisabz and to clarify the historical relationship between these two urban centers and the ancient city of Kesh. The study is based on archaeological, topographical, architectural, historical, and ethnographic evidence obtained through field investigations and the analysis of published and archival sources. Particular attention is given to the results of the Kesh Archaeological and Topographical Expedition (KATE), whose investigations in the 1960s provided important evidence for the reconstruction of the ancient and medieval urban landscape.

The archaeological evidence indicates that the earliest urban development within modern Kitab dates to the third-second centuries BCE, while the ancient settlement reached its peak during the Kushan-Kangju period. The remains of defensive walls, the citadel at Qalandar-tepa, cultural deposits, ceramics, coins, and architectural materials demonstrate the long-term continuity and transformation of the settlement. In contrast, archaeological evidence from Shahrisabz indicates predominantly rural occupation during the Early Medieval period, with intensive urban development beginning in the ninth–twelfth centuries. The study therefore supports the hypothesis that ancient Kesh was located on the site of modern Kitab rather than Shahrisabz. At the same time, the subsequent transfer of the political and economic center to Shahrisabz contributed to its transformation into a major urban, cultural, and architectural center under the Timurids.

Protective effects of vitamin E and vitamin C against cisplatin nephrotoxicity in female Wister rats

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Cisplatin (CP) is a potent anticancer agent used in cancer treatment. However, Cisplatin had ability to induce multiorgan toxicity including nephrotoxicity. This study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin E (Vit. E) and Vitamin C (vit. C) on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in female rats.

Twenty Female white albino rats were divided to four groups, control, cisplatin, vit. E + cisplatin and vit. C + cisplatin. Cispatin (8 mg/kg as a single dose on the day on and second dose at 14 experimental day.vit. E was administered Intraperitoneal injection 3 days prior to cisplatin (8 mg/kg, i.p) injection two does same process for two weeks with two-week rest period. vitamin C (200 mg/kg), were administered Intraperitoneal injection 3 days prior to cisplatin (8 mg/kg, i.p) injection two does same process for two weeks with two-week rest period. The result of this study administration of cisplatin induced Necrosis of epithelial cells of renal tubules in cortex area led to form spaces filled with inflammatory cells forming a cluster in affected areas in the cisplatin treated group compared with vit. E + Cisplatin treated group which reduced nephrotoxicity by antioxidant activity of vitamin against cisplatin induced oxidative stress in these rats. However, vit. C + Cisplatin treated group showed mild nephroprotection. Necrosis of epithelial cells was observed in renal tubules with infiltration of inflammatory cells that formed small cluster near the glomerulus in cortex area. The study findings indicated that vitamin E exert protective effects against CP-induced nephrotoxicity, a finding which requires larger studies for confirmation. cisplatin treatment alone induced the upregulation of cytokeratin-8 (CK-8), a marker of tubular injury, co-treatment with Vit.E attenuated this effect, indicating protection of renal tubular integrity. Also,cisplatin treatment group showed positive expression of vimentin in cortical convoluted renal tubules and normal expression in glomerulus.

Management of Experiential Activities in Primary Schools in the Context of Digital Transformation: A Case Study at a Public Primary School in Hanoi, Vietnam

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Background: Digital transformation is reshaping the management of teaching and educational activities in primary schools. This study examined experiential-activity management at one public primary school in Hanoi.

Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted in May 2026 using interviews with 11 purposively selected stakeholders, direct observation, activity outputs, school records, and digital materials. Data were analysed through the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle.

Results: The school had digitised plans, used online coordination, encouraged digital learning resources, and begun collecting electronic evidence. However, plans were not updated regularly; infrastructure was unstable; monitoring criteria and instruments were not standardised; pupil and parent feedback was limited; and improvement remained situational.

Conclusion: Effective management requires a systematic, data-informed, and continuously improving PDCA process rather than isolated digital-tool use.

Contribution to literature: The study provides case-based evidence from a Vietnamese public primary school and clarifies the conditions required for digitally supported experiential-activity management.