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A Practical Framework for Selecting Health Literacy Measurement Tools in Rural and Agricultural Communities: A Narrative Review

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Health literacy is a key public health competency that enables individuals to access, understand, appraise, and apply health information in daily decision-making. Rural and agricultural communities require particular attention because health information is often delivered in contexts shaped by limited formal education, work-related hazards, restricted access to health services, uneven digital connectivity, and culturally diverse communication practices. Although many studies use well-known health literacy instruments, tool selection is often based on popularity rather than methodological fit for field conditions, respondent literacy level, cultural adaptation, occupational risk exposure, and interviewer burden. This narrative review aims to compare commonly used health literacy measurement tools and to propose a practical framework for selecting instruments for rural and agricultural populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Literature was identified through targeted searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and official instrument sources, with priority given to validation studies, psychometric papers, reviews, and publications involving rural or agricultural populations. The review discusses multidimensional tools such as the European Health Literacy Survey instruments and the Health Literacy Questionnaire, functional and clinical tools such as TOFHLA, S-TOFHLA, and the Newest Vital Sign, digital tools such as eHEALS, and occupation-specific tools such as the Agricultural Safety and Health Literacy Tool. A purpose-based selection framework is proposed to guide the choice of instruments for community surveys, clinical screening, digital health assessment, agricultural safety, and intervention development. For rural and agricultural settings, the most feasible approach is often a short-validated tool, culturally adapted, administered with interviewer assistance, and supplemented with context-specific items on work-related health risks and access to health information.

Overview of Neuroplasticity in the Application of the Reverse Whole Brain Model in College Students

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Modifications applied when using Whole Brain, from the initial application of the left quadrant to the right, to the change from the right quadrant to the left. The formulation of research questions; What is the modified form of the Whole Brain model?, What are the learning outcomes obtained from the use of the modified Whole Brain model? Can the results obtained from the use of modified Whole Brain models be used as tangible evidence of neuroplasticity?. The researcher used a quantitative descriptive design. This design illustrates how the Reverse Whole Brain Model was used based on the respondents. The researcher uses a questionnaire to collect research data. The questionnaire was developed by the researcher using Slavin’s (1995) Theory of Effectiveness. Researchers also used the Trail Making Test as a data collection instrument. TCR (Respondent Achievement Level/Tingkat Capaian Responden) was used to analyze the questionnaire data. TMT-A was analyzed using parametric tests, and TMT-B was analyzed using nonparametric tests. The Reverse Whole Brain model is considered effective in teaching and learning. The results show that the application of this model in the Listening and Speaking II class is considered an appropriate learning model. It also concluded that the students experience neuroplasticity.

Correlation of Time Management and Sleep Quality in Highschool Student in Bangkok

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There are a lot of things students have to do in a day, which is why time management or lists of things to get done are important for them in order to have a good quality. Sleep is the time where they can recharge their energy for the next day. In order to get things done to their full potential, we need to have a good rest at night. It’s a sure thing that different people have different amounts of sleep or the time they go to bed each night. This also applies to secondary school students in Thailand, where they have varied amounts of sleep hours and may consequently affect their time management. Thus, our study aims to find out the correlation between sleep quality and time management of secondary school students in Bangkok. To determine the correlation of the factors, we conducted a cross-sectional survey. All data was collected by sending out a survey questionnaire about sleep quality and time management to secondary school students in Bangkok. The data from 216 participants was then analyzed. The outcomes from Pearson’s correlation test reveal a positive correlation between the assigned variables, which indicates that increasing sleep hours improve time management of the students. This study would put into picture that time management does affect students’ sleep quality and may potentially be put to use backing up potential changes that could be made to our country’s educational system.