Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Cobalt Nanoparticles Synthesized from Ipomoea Batatas Leaves Extract

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Synthesizing nanoparticles with high antioxidant capacity through green routes is critical for creating biocompatible antioxidants. This present study investigated the free-radical scavenging potential of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) synthesized from Ipomoea batatas leaf extract. Air-dried leaf powder was macerated separately with distilled water and ethanol for 48 h, respectively. The filtrates were lyophilized to give aqueous and ethanol extracts. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents were quantified on both extracts, followed by DPPH scavenging assay. The ethanol extract that exhibited higher activity was utilized in the synthesis of CoNPs. The NPs were characterized via UV, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis. The results showed that the ethanol extract demonstrated higher DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 66.49 µg/ml) than aqueous extract (IC50: 641.35 µg/ml) and CoNPs (IC50: 175.18 µg/ml). The CoNPs also competed favorably with ascorbic acid for ferric reducing potential. UV absorption peak was observed at 220 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of CoNPs. The FT-IR showed characteristic peaks at <800 cm⁻¹ which is characteristic of cobalt oxide bond. The XRD and SEM-EDX analyses showed that the CoNPs were nanocrystalline, spherical, and well-dispersed with an average size of 17–22 nm. The study concludes that the synthesized CoNPs exhibited significant in vitro antioxidant potential which could be further explored for in vivo antioxidant potential.

Surface and Underlying Valence of the Verb “Spread” in English–Indonesian Translation: Evidence from the OPUS Parallel Corpus

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Background: This study adopts a corpus-based approach to examine translation empirically through parallel corpora. Focusing on the verb “spread” in English–Indonesian data from the OPUS parallel corpus, it identifies empirical equivalents based on frequency and analyzes shifts in valence across languages.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the surface valence and underlying valence of the verb “spread” in an English–Indonesian parallel corpus. It further seeks to identify its empirical equivalents in the target language by analyzing shifts in syntactic structure and argument realization.

Methods: This study employs a corpus-based approach based on Catford’s concept of empirical equivalence, focusing on actual translation usage rather than dictionary-based meanings. The data are drawn from the OPUS English–Indonesian bidirectional parallel corpus (Cooper, 2016), with a focus on medical discourse. A total of 86 instances of the verb “spread” are analyzed to identify recurring translation patterns. These patterns are used to determine empirical equivalents and to examine shifts in surface valence and underlying valence.

Results: The analysis of 86 instances shows that the verb “spread” is predominantly translated as menyebar (Category A), accounting for 80.23% of the data. Other realizations include penyebaran (C) at 10.47%, zero correspondence (0) at 5.81%, menularkan (D) at 2.33%, and memengaruhi (B) at 1.16%. These findings indicate that menyebar functions as the primary empirical equivalent, while the remaining categories reflect less frequent alternatives and instances of structural shift, including nominalization and omission.

Conclusion: This study shows that menyebar emerges as the primary translation of spread in the target language, reflecting its close alignment with the dominant dispersal sense. The findings also indicate that spread, in both the source and target languages, exhibits semantic ambivalence, as its interpretation varies across different contexts and valence realizations.

Attitudes Towards E-Learning and Internet Usage: Their Impact on Students’ Study Habits – A Conceptual Exploration

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In today’s digital world, students’ attitudes toward e-learning and how they use the internet play a big role in forming good study habits needed for school success. This conceptual paper looks closely at these links. It shows how positive views of e-learning help students learn on their own and use resources better. Smart internet use also improves thinking skills and memory. But problems like too much social media or tech issues can hurt study routines. Based on simple theories like the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT), and Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), this paper gives clear ideas for teachers. It fits well for high school and college students, including those in places like Jammu and Kashmir, India, where internet access varies. The paper suggests easy steps like digital training and mixed online-offline classes to make technology help build strong study habits for long-term learning.

The Current Situation of Sino-Vietnamese Vocabulary Usage Ability among Thai Nguyen High School Students in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam

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Our study presents the results of a survey on the current situation of Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary usage among 150 students at Thai Nguyen High School. Using a mixed survey method (quantitative and qualitative), the study assessed three core competencies, including identifying, interpreting, and using Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary. The research results show that students’ abilities are currently at a fairly good level, with clear differentiation between grade levels. The study also points out systemic limitations in understanding the deep meaning and applying words in context, thereby proposing directions for innovative teaching methods to improve the effectiveness of learning and using this vocabulary class.

Implementation of Village Fund Management Based on the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) Model in the Construction of Rainwater Harvesting Tanks as Economic Empowerment and Social Development

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This article examines the management of Village Funds in Beringin Village, Sajad District, Sambas Regency, based on qualitative evaluative research. The study employed a data triangulation approach through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results indicate that Village Fund management in Beringin Village overall runs well, as evidenced by an average questionnaire score of 4.68 (Good category). The planning process is carried out participatively through Musrenbangdes; financial management is conducted in an orderly manner through the Siskeudes application; and transparency is realized through the publication of Village Fund information on village information boards. Document completeness, reaching 11 out of 12 required document types, further reinforces these findings. Nevertheless, one document remains unavailable the goods and services procurement agreement/contract which requires attention going forward.

Marketing Communication and Use Intention in Cultural Facilities: Evidence from Jakarta Arts Building

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This study examines the effect of marketing communication on use intention in cultural facilities, focusing on the Jakarta Arts Building as a case study. The research is based on the assumption that marketing communication in cultural facilities functions not only to disseminate information but also to build positive perceptions, strengthen institutional appeal, and encourage audience engagement. A quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design was employed. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 119 respondents who had previously used or rented the Jakarta Arts Building, and were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results show that marketing communication has a positive and significant effect on use intention, with a significance value of 0.000 and a regression coefficient of 0.349. The R Square value of 0.489 indicates that 48.9% of the variation in use intention can be explained by marketing communication, while the remaining 51.1% is influenced by other factors outside the model. These findings confirm that marketing communication is a strategic factor in increasing the intention to use cultural facilities, particularly through clear promotional information, attractive messages, intensive digital communication, social media use, and the development of a positive institutional image.

The Influence of Public Sphere, Perceived Usefulness, and Trust on Mobile Payment Intention with Attitude as a Mediating Variable

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The objective of this study is to understand the social and psychological factors that influence user intentions and attitudes in using mobile payment services in Indonesia. This study examines the influence of Public Sphere, Perceived Usefulness, and Trust on user attitudes and intentions, as well as the role of Attitude as a mediating variable.  A quantitative method is used in this study by collecting data through an online survey using Google Forms in which the respondents are active users of mobile payment services in Indonesia. The data analysis is conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics to examine the relationships between variables. The result of this study shows that Perceived Usefulness and Trust significantly influence users’ positive attitudes toward mobile payment. Moreover, the Public Sphere, which presents user discussions and experiences through social media, also has a positive effect on perceived usefulness and users’ intention to keep using the service. On the other hand, Public Sphere has no direct effect on attitudes, and Trust does not mediate attitudes toward usage intentions. The main findings indicate that user attitudes play an important role as mediators that strengthen the influence of perceived usefulness and trust on their intention to use mobile payments in the future. This study provides implications which are crucial for the digital financial services industry and policymakers. The strategies that emphasize to increase trust through security features and strengthen positive experiences and discussions in digital public spaces can increase the intention and sustainability of mobile payment use in Indonesia. Furthermore, developing humanistic content and emphasizing user experiences in digital public spaces is necessary to shape better attitudes and usage intentions.

Switching Intention in the IndiHome Internet Service Environment: The Roles of Cognitive and Affective Customer Experience and Cognitive Reaction Swift Guanxi

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This study aims to investigate the drivers of switching intention among internet service provider (ISP) users in Indonesia, specifically focusing on IndiHome customers. Utilizing the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework, the research examines how external stimuli namely product and price integration, information access, information quality, task-technology fit, and ease of use influence internal customer states (cognitive experience, affective experience, and cognitive reaction swift guanxi) and subsequent switching behavior. The study employed a quantitative survey-based approach with 300 active IndiHome users in Solo, Indonesia, with data analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that while technological determinants like task-technology fit and ease of use consistently enhance internal customer states, information access fails to influence any mediating variables. Crucially, the results indicate that neither cognitive nor affective customer experiences directly mitigate switching intention; instead, “cognitive reaction swift guanxi” emerged as the sole significant predictor of switching behavior. The study concludes that in a saturated broadband market, transactional satisfaction alone is insufficient to ensure loyalty. To minimize churn, ISPs must pivot from purely functional improvements to relationship-centric strategies that foster perceived mutual value and strong relational bonds. This research contributes to the marketing literature by integrating relational constructs into the SOR framework to provide a more granular view of consumer behavioral responses in the digital service industry.

The Role of the Kutai Kartanegara Regency Regional Inspectorate in Improving Accountability in Village Fund Management

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The goal of this study is to examine the role of the Inspectorate in enhancing the accountability of village fund management in Kutai Kartanegara Regency through the aspects of duties/functions, attitudes, perceptions, and participation. It also examines internal and external factors that become barriers to the Inspectorate’s ability to effectively supervise and provide guidance on village fund management. This research was carried out in Indonesia’s East Kalimantan Province’s Kutai Kartanegara Regency. A qualitative research design was employed in this study. Both primary and secondary data were gathered. A questionnaire was used to gather primary data from key informants. The study’s conclusions include that the Inspectorate has performed its responsibilities and tasks well. The inspectorate has effectively performed its participation duty, behaves well and professionally, and faces both internal and external challenges. The inspectorate’s role in overseeing village funds in the perception aspect exhibits a variation in assessments. Internal challenges include low-quality and scarce human resources (HR), inadequate accountability reports, and the newly formed village apparatus has low administrative and financial reporting skills. On the other hand, frequent regulatory changes, improper use of village funds, and inadequate internal and external monitoring systems are the external challenges. ​The following suggestions are available for submission: 1) For the government, via the Kutai Kertanegara Regency Regional Inspectorate, to expand the number of auditors and enhance their proficiency through risk-based audits and investigative audit training; 2) to create a digital monitoring system (e-audit or monitoring dashboard) to reduce potential inconsistencies and enable real-time tracking of village fund realisation; 3) to increase the proficiency of village apparatus by providing frequent training on the following topics: creating accountability reports (LPJ), managing village finances in accordance with regulations, and using village financial software; and 4) to provide new village authorities with rigorous mentoring.

Evaluation of Brain Masses Using Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI)

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Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a valuable MRI technique that provides information about tissue cellularity and helps differentiate various brain lesions.

Objective: To evaluate the role of DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the characterization of brain masses.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based prospective study was conducted between January 2019 and May 2024 at the MRI Department of Aliaa Specialist Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Thirty patients with suspected brain tumors on CT were included. All patients underwent conventional MRI, contrast-enhanced MRI, DWI, and ADC measurement. Histopathological confirmation was obtained in all cases.

Results: Brain lesions included gliomas, metastases, meningiomas, schwannomas, abscesses, epidermoid cysts, hemangioblastomas, and medulloblastomas. ADC values varied among lesion types, with lower values generally observed in high-grade and highly cellular tumors.

Conclusion: DWI and ADC measurements are valuable tools in differentiating brain masses, particularly in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.