Variation in the Influence of Climate Parameters on Dengue Fever

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Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the highest viral infection due to its fatality in humans. Initially, dengue only occurred in the tropics and has spread to sub-tropical areas. This disease is transmitted through the bite of vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus, so the presence of these vectors is important in the spread of dengue disease. The existence of this vector is influenced by environmental conditions. Creating a suitable environment for vector mosquitoes is determined by climatic factors, especially rainfall, temperature, and humidity. Various studies have shown that these climatic factors’ influence can vary from region to region. This article discusses the variations in the influence of these climatic factors on the incidence of DHF to enrich knowledge about the epidemiology of dengue infection. This study concludes that temperature and rainfall could have a positive or negative effect on the incidence of DHF, while humidity consistently had a positive effect on the incidence of DHF. The climate factor does not stand alone and does not directly affect the process of DHF transmission. The influence appeared through the vector’s life and the virus’s multiplication in the vector’s body.

The Role of Women in the Ngembaru Padi Tradition as Local Wisdom in The Dayak Lawangk Community in Sungai Laur District, Ketapang Regency

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Background: Indigenous women play a crucial yet frequently underrecognised role in the preservation and intergenerational transmission of cultural values within traditional communities.

Objective: This study examined the role of women in the Ngembaru Padi tradition among the Dayak Lawangk community in Sinar Kuri Village, Sungai Laur District, Ketapang Regency.

Methods: A qualitative method with an ethnographic design was employed. Employing a feminist ethnographic design, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and were analysed using the interactive model.  Data validity was ensured through source and methodological triangulation.

Findings: The findings reveal three principal dimensions of women’s roles. First, women serve as active guardians of the tradition, bearing primary responsibility for the preparation of ceremonial food and ritual materials and coordinating communal activities across all stages of the ceremony. Second, women function as agents of local wisdom preservation, sustaining and transmitting the social, spiritual, and moral values — including mutual cooperation (gotong royong), communal solidarity, honesty, and integrity — that constitute the ethical foundation of Dayak Lawangk community life. Third, and most distinctively, women act as deliberate pedagogical actors who consciously transform the ritual space of the tradition into a medium of character education, most notably through moral dialogues with children during the rice seed selection process.

Conclusion: The study contributes to feminist ethnographic scholarship on indigenous women in Indonesia and to the broader literature on ethnopedagogy and character education, with practical implications for heritage preservation policy and locally grounded educational practice.

Comparative Analysis of Diagnosis and Behaviour by Gender (Men and Women) in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) constitute a specific group, characterized by neurobiological developmental alterations in systemic development at the level of psycho- cerebral information processing, which affects men at a higher prevalence of 3–4 men for every woman, although little research has been conducted into the causes of this difference. This study aims to analyze, where applicable, whether there are possible differences in the gender variable (men and women) in relation to the etiological basis and subsequent behavior or profile. To this end, a total of 116 participants with ASD took part, comprising 87 men and 29 women, who agreed to answer the questions posed in a questionnaire-interview. As can be seen from the results, it can be concluded that, in relation to the determining statistic of the KMO and Bartlett’s Test factor analysis, the group of men presents a greater explanatory load with regard to the genetic burden associated with the 15q11-q13 chromosomal region (sig: .02); whilst the ‘diseaseway’ variable shows a greater explanatory load in the women’s group in the coefficients of the linear regression analysis, with a significance level of 0.02 in the determinant statistics.

However, in no case can significant general differences in the diagnostic process be corroborated between the codes; yet, the coping component in relation to the genetic burden and/or early-onset diseases is clearly differential in the codes of the “gender” variable, which may lead to confusion with current analyses of the diagnostic process.

The Multi-Prime RSA Permutation Crypto System Based on Clear Ring

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Cryptography secures information through encryption, allowing only authorized access. The RSA algorithm, which relies on the difficulty of factoring  where  and  are primes, is a popular public-key cryptosystem. Advances in factorization techniques and computing power necessitate improvements to methods for enhanced security. This study proposes a multi-prime RSA permutation cryptosystem based on the algebraic structure of a clear ring as a modification of RSA. It uses three primes  to form modulus , increasing modulus complexity and thus security. Permutation is applied in binary code form to produce more random ciphertext, alongside the application of a clear ring structure, specifically, the ring of integers modulo 256 with addition and multiplication modulo 256 based on ASCII. This ring allows each element to be expressed as a sum of a unit and a regular unit. The algorithm strengthens key generation and creates varied representations for the same plaintext through unit and regular unit addition, complicating cryptanalysis. Permutation further randomizes ciphertext. However, the method requires careful implementation to avoid errors. This innovation supports digital security.

Development of Geogebra-Assisted Learning Materials for Circle Topics Based on the van Hiele Model

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This study aims to develop GeoGebra-assisted instructional materials on circle topics based on the van Hiele model that meet the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model, consisting of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The participants were high school students divided into an experimental group and a control group. Data were collected through validation sheets, observation sheets, student response questionnaires, readability tests, and learning outcome assessments. The results indicate that the developed materials are valid, with average validity scores ranging from 3.58 to 3.85. Practicality was demonstrated by a high level of instructional implementation (3.75), very high student activity (93.2%), and highly positive student responses (92.68%). Effectiveness was confirmed by a classical mastery rate of 89%, a high N-Gain score (0.77), and a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that GeoGebra-assisted instructional materials based on the van Hiele model are effective in improving students’ mathematics learning outcomes, particularly in geometry.

Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Cobalt Nanoparticles Synthesized from Ipomoea Batatas Leaves Extract

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Synthesizing nanoparticles with high antioxidant capacity through green routes is critical for creating biocompatible antioxidants. This present study investigated the free-radical scavenging potential of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) synthesized from Ipomoea batatas leaf extract. Air-dried leaf powder was macerated separately with distilled water and ethanol for 48 h, respectively. The filtrates were lyophilized to give aqueous and ethanol extracts. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents were quantified on both extracts, followed by DPPH scavenging assay. The ethanol extract that exhibited higher activity was utilized in the synthesis of CoNPs. The NPs were characterized via UV, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis. The results showed that the ethanol extract demonstrated higher DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 66.49 µg/ml) than aqueous extract (IC50: 641.35 µg/ml) and CoNPs (IC50: 175.18 µg/ml). The CoNPs also competed favorably with ascorbic acid for ferric reducing potential. UV absorption peak was observed at 220 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of CoNPs. The FT-IR showed characteristic peaks at <800 cm⁻¹ which is characteristic of cobalt oxide bond. The XRD and SEM-EDX analyses showed that the CoNPs were nanocrystalline, spherical, and well-dispersed with an average size of 17–22 nm. The study concludes that the synthesized CoNPs exhibited significant in vitro antioxidant potential which could be further explored for in vivo antioxidant potential.

Surface and Underlying Valence of the Verb “Spread” in English–Indonesian Translation: Evidence from the OPUS Parallel Corpus

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Background: This study adopts a corpus-based approach to examine translation empirically through parallel corpora. Focusing on the verb “spread” in English–Indonesian data from the OPUS parallel corpus, it identifies empirical equivalents based on frequency and analyzes shifts in valence across languages.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the surface valence and underlying valence of the verb “spread” in an English–Indonesian parallel corpus. It further seeks to identify its empirical equivalents in the target language by analyzing shifts in syntactic structure and argument realization.

Methods: This study employs a corpus-based approach based on Catford’s concept of empirical equivalence, focusing on actual translation usage rather than dictionary-based meanings. The data are drawn from the OPUS English–Indonesian bidirectional parallel corpus (Cooper, 2016), with a focus on medical discourse. A total of 86 instances of the verb “spread” are analyzed to identify recurring translation patterns. These patterns are used to determine empirical equivalents and to examine shifts in surface valence and underlying valence.

Results: The analysis of 86 instances shows that the verb “spread” is predominantly translated as menyebar (Category A), accounting for 80.23% of the data. Other realizations include penyebaran (C) at 10.47%, zero correspondence (0) at 5.81%, menularkan (D) at 2.33%, and memengaruhi (B) at 1.16%. These findings indicate that menyebar functions as the primary empirical equivalent, while the remaining categories reflect less frequent alternatives and instances of structural shift, including nominalization and omission.

Conclusion: This study shows that menyebar emerges as the primary translation of spread in the target language, reflecting its close alignment with the dominant dispersal sense. The findings also indicate that spread, in both the source and target languages, exhibits semantic ambivalence, as its interpretation varies across different contexts and valence realizations.

Attitudes Towards E-Learning and Internet Usage: Their Impact on Students’ Study Habits – A Conceptual Exploration

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In today’s digital world, students’ attitudes toward e-learning and how they use the internet play a big role in forming good study habits needed for school success. This conceptual paper looks closely at these links. It shows how positive views of e-learning help students learn on their own and use resources better. Smart internet use also improves thinking skills and memory. But problems like too much social media or tech issues can hurt study routines. Based on simple theories like the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT), and Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), this paper gives clear ideas for teachers. It fits well for high school and college students, including those in places like Jammu and Kashmir, India, where internet access varies. The paper suggests easy steps like digital training and mixed online-offline classes to make technology help build strong study habits for long-term learning.

The Current Situation of Sino-Vietnamese Vocabulary Usage Ability among Thai Nguyen High School Students in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam

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Our study presents the results of a survey on the current situation of Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary usage among 150 students at Thai Nguyen High School. Using a mixed survey method (quantitative and qualitative), the study assessed three core competencies, including identifying, interpreting, and using Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary. The research results show that students’ abilities are currently at a fairly good level, with clear differentiation between grade levels. The study also points out systemic limitations in understanding the deep meaning and applying words in context, thereby proposing directions for innovative teaching methods to improve the effectiveness of learning and using this vocabulary class.

Implementation of Village Fund Management Based on the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) Model in the Construction of Rainwater Harvesting Tanks as Economic Empowerment and Social Development

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This article examines the management of Village Funds in Beringin Village, Sajad District, Sambas Regency, based on qualitative evaluative research. The study employed a data triangulation approach through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results indicate that Village Fund management in Beringin Village overall runs well, as evidenced by an average questionnaire score of 4.68 (Good category). The planning process is carried out participatively through Musrenbangdes; financial management is conducted in an orderly manner through the Siskeudes application; and transparency is realized through the publication of Village Fund information on village information boards. Document completeness, reaching 11 out of 12 required document types, further reinforces these findings. Nevertheless, one document remains unavailable the goods and services procurement agreement/contract which requires attention going forward.