Traditional Mediterranean Diet as a Holistic Diet: A Review of Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Lifestyle Through Pyramids

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Today, Mediterranean Diet (MD) is a globally recognized dietary pattern and public health model. In this review, traditional Mediterranean Diet (MD) is revisited: multiple aspects and facets of the diet including its history, cultural roots, food categories, lifestyle, religious traditions, physical activity and health benefits are presented through pyramids. Mindful eating of mainly plant-based and whole foods, seasonal and locally-sourced, along with the enjoyment in every step of production, preparation and consumption of the food, are the main characteristics of the traditional MD, which is presented for the first time as a 5F-diet based on 5F-pillars. MD is also described as a holistic diet – it is a diet that nourishes the body, the mind, and the soul through balanced and sustainable approach to food choices. The food choices and lifestyle practices provide holistic health not only for the whole body, but also yield healthy communities – the people are part of the community, have “sense of belonging”, and their interactions are in harmony with the environment, respecting the planetary resources and boundaries. The diet’s health benefits, including reduced risks of non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as cardio-vascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancers, prevention from neuro-cognitive disorders, and increased longevity, are a result not only of the food consumed, but also the presence of commensality and conviviality, and the lifestyle leading to daily stress relief. Overall, MD is a concept that embraces biodiversity, sustainability, quality, palatability, health, cultural aspects and heritage.

Evaluation of Factors Contributing to Low TB Detection Rate in Selected Facilities of Ndola District

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where case detection rates remain below international targets. In Zambia, the TB detection rate remains significantly lower than the 75% target recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), posing a threat to effective TB control. This study evaluated the factors contributing to low TB detection rates in selected health facilities in Ndola District, Copperbelt Province of Zambia. A quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed. Data were collected from 93 respondents comprising health care workers and community members selected from 33 health facilities providing TB services. Structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to gather information on demographic characteristics, knowledge of TB symptoms, availability of diagnostic services, and barriers to TB detection. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to summarise the data. The findings revealed that inadequate laboratory equipment was the most frequently reported factor contributing to low TB detection (55.9%), followed by limited community awareness of TB disease (24.7%). Other factors identified included TB-related stigma (7.5%), shortage of skilled laboratory personnel (6.5%), and long distances to health facilities (5.4%). The study further established that cough was the most widely recognised TB symptom among respondents, while awareness of other symptoms such as fever and night sweats was relatively low. The study concludes that low TB detection in Ndola District is influenced by both health system constraints and community-related factors. Strengthening diagnostic capacity, increasing public awareness of TB symptoms, addressing stigma, and improving access to diagnostic services are critical interventions for improving TB case detection. Enhancing these strategies will contribute to early diagnosis, improved treatment outcomes, and reduced transmission of tuberculosis within the community.

Leader–Member Exchange as A Driver of Job Satisfaction: Examining The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and The Moderating Role of Work Engagement

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This study investigates the influence of Leader–Member Exchange on Job Satisfaction, with Perceived Organizational Support as a mediating variable and Work Engagement as a moderating variable among employees in high-risk industries. The research was conducted among construction and mining workers who had completed occupational safety training at PT Sepakat Safety. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory and the Job Demands–Resources framework, the study seeks to explain the relational and psychological mechanisms underlying employee satisfaction in safety-sensitive environments. A quantitative approach was applied using structured questionnaires distributed to eligible respondents. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling to examine direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that Leader–Member Exchange has a strong positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction. Leader–Member Exchange also significantly enhances Perceived Organizational Support, which subsequently exerts a positive influence on Job Satisfaction. Mediation analysis indicates complementary mediation, demonstrating that leadership quality affects Job Satisfaction both directly and indirectly through organizational support perceptions. Work Engagement shows a significant direct effect on Job Satisfaction; however, its moderating role is not supported. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of relational leadership and organizational support in improving employee satisfaction within high-risk industrial contexts.

Factors Influencing the anxiety disorder on E-Learning Among the Select Barmm State Universities and Colleges: A Basis for Proposed Islamic Oriented Perspective Intervention

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This study examined the factors influencing anxiety disorders experienced by students in e-learning among selected State Universities and Colleges in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). It specifically looked into the students’ demographic profiles such as age, sex, socio-economic status, and group affiliation, as well as how these characteristics relate to their anxiety levels in online learning. The study further explored challenges tied to online attendance, activities and requirements, assessments, gadget possession, and internet access as major contributors to students’ anxiety. Using a cross-sectional survey design with both qualitative and quantitative approaches, data were collected from 387 respondents through questionnaires and key informant interviews, and analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean. Findings revealed that demographic factors, along with technical and academic challenges, significantly contributed to the students’ anxiety disorders. Many students were found to experience severe anxiety in adapting to e-learning, emphasizing the need for interventions that address not only financial and technical difficulties but also emotional and spiritual support. The study recommended the formulation of Islamic perspective policy interventions to complement existing psychological treatments. Suggested strategies include institutional support programs such as regular check-ins (“kumustahan”), increased parental and teacher monitoring, and spiritual approaches to help strengthen students’ mental and moral well-being. Ultimately, the research highlights the importance of a holistic approach—academic, emotional, and spiritual—in addressing anxiety disorders in the context of e-learning within BARMM universities.

The Effectiveness of Multimedia-Based Health Education on Drug Knowledge in Adolescents at SMA Bina Negara Arjasari, West Java, Indonesia

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Background: The prevalence of drug abuse in Indonesia reaches approximately 2.40% of the population aged 15–64, or approximately 4.5 million people. Of this number, approximately 2.3 million are school and college students. This high figure is due to the limited access and exposure to information about the dangers of drugs among adolescents. Due to the limited information available to students, education is needed to increase adolescent knowledge about drugs. Providing health education is an important effort in preventing drug abuse from an early age.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of providing health education on the level of knowledge of adolescents about drugs at MA Bina Negara Arjasari, West Java, Indonesia

Method: Quantitative research with Quasy Experimental Design One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample technique used total sampling technique with 89 students in grades X and XI. The instruments used in this study were video, power point and knowledge questionnaire with 20 questions. Data analysis used univariate analysis, namely frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Result: The results of the study showed that the pre-test scores of most respondents had a low level of knowledge (66.3%) and the post-test scores of almost all respondents had a good level of knowledge (93.9%). The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test obtained a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, which means that there is an effect of health education on preventing drug abuse on the level of knowledge of adolescents at MA Bina Negara Arjasari, West Java, Indonesia.

Conclusion: The results of this study support the importance of health education programs in schools as a primary strategy in preventing drug abuse among adolescents. Schools are advised to regularly hold interactive and engaging educational programs to equip adolescents with sufficient knowledge to recognize the dangers of drugs and adopt effective preventive measures.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Severe Functional Valvular Regurgitation in a Young Adult with Prior Childhood Chemotherapy: Progressive Ventricular Dysfunction Despite Surgical Correction and Optimal Medical Therapy

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Background: Late cardiotoxicity is a recognized complication in survivors of childhood cancer treated with potentially cardiotoxic agents, particularly anthracyclines. These therapies may cause progressive myocardial injury through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Over time, this process can lead to ventricular remodeling, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Advanced ventricular dilation frequently results in functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, further worsening hemodynamic burden and clinical outcomes.

Case summary: We report the case of a 42-year-old man with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed in childhood and treated with chemotherapy, without subsequent cardiologic follow-up. From the age of 29, he developed progressive heart failure symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe functional mitral regurgitation with mixed mechanism (Carpentier type I due to annular dilation and type IIIa due to leaflet restriction) and massive tricuspid regurgitation, associated with severe atrial dilation, grade III diastolic dysfunction, and pulmonary hypertension. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was documented with an ejection fraction of 36% and markedly reduced global longitudinal strain (−11%), consistent with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

The patient underwent mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair but developed intraoperative cardiac arrest and postoperative mixed shock. Persistent severe ventricular dysfunction (LVEF 26%, GLS −8%) and multiple complications were observed.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of long-term cardiovascular surveillance in childhood cancer survivors and the role of strain imaging in detecting chemotherapy-related cardiomyopathy.

Free Acidity in Hydrometallurgy is not pH: A Critical Review of Measurement Methods, Errors, and Process Consequences

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Free acidity is a key control parameter in hydrometallurgical processes, governing dissolution, precipitation, solvent extraction, neutralization, and corrosion behavior, yet its determination in real process liquors remains poorly standardized and often misunderstood. In industrial solutions, the distinction between total acidity, free acidity, and active acidity is frequently obscured by high ionic strength, metal hydrolysis, ion pairing, and complexation reactions, making simple pH measurement or conventional titration unreliable. This review critically examines the main analytical approaches used to determine free acidity in hydrometallurgical liquors, including classical acid–base titration, potentiometric and Gran methods, oxalate and complexation-based procedures, Ba(OH)₂ and other selective titrations, inline monitoring techniques, and speciation-based modeling calculations. Particular emphasis is given to the effect of interfering species commonly present in industrial circuits, such as Fe³⁺, Al³⁺, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, and F⁻, which strongly influence endpoint detection, hydrogen ion activity, and the apparent acid balance. The review shows that discrepancies between analytical methods are not only experimental but also thermodynamic, arising from differences between proton concentration, activity, and chemically bound acidity. These inconsistencies can lead to significant errors in process control, affecting reagent consumption, precipitation efficiency, scaling, solvent extraction stability, and environmental performance. By comparing reported methods and industrial practices, this work identifies the limitations of current procedures and highlights the need for standardized definitions, speciation-aware analysis, and improved inline monitoring strategies for reliable acidity control in modern hydrometallurgical operations.

Technology Management Approach and Semiotic Theory in The Works of Shahnon Ahmad

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This study aims to analyse the management approach portrayed by the author Shahnon Ahmad in his selected novels, namely Sampah, Tivi and Kemelut. Specifically, it focuses on the management of technology as constructed in these novels as a contribution to the field of literary studies. The novel functions as a medium reflecting society and is regarded as a platform through which the author expresses views, opinions, criticisms, and even satire concerning issues perceived as falling short of humanitarian values, while simultaneously offering moral lessons. The study seeks to raise awareness among all levels of society to be more attentive and cautious in embracing the rhetoric of progress and modernity brought about by technology. The narratives presented in Shahnon Ahmad’s novels depict human life exposed to issues and conflicts arising from the ineffective management of technology. The implications of these conflicts reveal managerial shortcomings through characters, dialogues, and the background of events portrayed. Accordingly, management aspects and semiotic theory are introduced to examine and discuss the narrative of technology management. The objectives of this study are twofold: first, to identify the narrative of technology in the selected novels through the application of semiotic theory; and second, to employ a management approach in evaluating the implications of technology use that is poorly managed, based on core management principles namely planning, organizing, leadership, staffing, and control.

A Qualitative Study of Mosquito Nest Eradication Behavior Using the Health Belief Model Approach in Bandarsari Village, Padang Ratu District, Central Lampung Regency

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: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a serious public health issue in Indonesia. Bandarsari Village in the working area of Surabaya Community Health Center is the location with the highest DHF incidence rate. Primary prevention through Mosquito Nest Eradication (MNE) with the 3M Plus strategy heavily relies on community participation, whose behavior is influenced by individual perceptions. This phenomenological qualitative study aims to explore the perceptions of the community and health workers regarding MNE using the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework. The research was conducted in September 2025 in Bandarsari Village, involving 11 key informants selected purposively, including the Village Head, Village Midwife, Program Manager, Hamlet Heads, and Neighborhood Association Heads. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), then analyzed using thematic analysis with data validity ensured through source triangulation. The analysis revealed six main themes aligned with the HBM constructs: perceptions of susceptibility and severity that were adequate yet reactive, high perceived benefits of MNE, strong socio-behavioral barriers (such as low sustained motivation and lack of community motivators), action cues dependent on case occurrences and external socialization, and still low self-efficacy at the community level for independent preventive actions. Critical findings indicate that the success of MNE is not solely determined by environmental factors and knowledge but is significantly influenced by psychosocial dynamics and community self-confidence. This study reinforces the need for a comprehensive intervention framework that not only focuses on education but also builds community self-reliance through approaches that address behavioral barriers, enhance collective self-efficacy, and establish a structured and sustainable system of action cues within DHF prevention programs.

Biochemical Composition of Selected low value fish species from Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour

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Understanding the biochemical composition of marine fishes is important for evaluating their nutritional value, ecological role, and suitability for human consumption. The present study examined the biochemical characteristics of three commercially important marine species namely, Thryssa mystax, Upeneus sulphureus, and Priacanthus hamrur. Key components such as protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content were analyzed in the species.

The results showed clear differences in nutrient composition between the three fishes. Thryssa mystax contained relatively high protein levels with moderate lipid content, which may be related to its active pelagic lifestyle. Upeneus sulphureus showed comparatively higher lipid content, suggesting a greater capacity for energy storage associated with its benthic feeding habits. Priacanthus hamrur exhibited a more balanced biochemical profile, with moderate levels of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates, reflecting its adaptable feeding behavior. The observed variations highlight how feeding patterns, habitat, and environmental conditions influence biochemical composition. Overall, the findings provide useful information for fisheries management, nutritional evaluation, and potential applications in aquaculture and food industries.