Articles

Case-Based Learning-Oriented Textbook: An Effort to Train Students’ Chemistry Problem Solving Skills

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Higher education plays a strategic role in developing the intellectual life of the nation and is part of the national education system. Chemistry learning should not only focus on mastering concepts but also on students’ ability to apply these concepts in real-world contexts through problem-solving skills to meet the challenges of the 21st century. This research aims to develop a case-based learning-oriented textbook that can train prospective teacher students’ chemistry problem-solving skills. This research method used Research and Development (R&D) as proposed by Borg and Gall, limited to the development stage. Data collection used non-test techniques, seeking validation from three subject matter and pedagogical experts. Quantitative descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The validity test results showed that the case-based learning-oriented textbook was valid, with an Aiken validity index of 0.87 (high validity). Furthermore, the textbook can be used as a means to facilitate student learning activities in case-based learning to train prospective teacher students’ chemistry problem-solving skills, so that the function of this textbook can be maximized.

A Comparative Analysis of Research and Development Based Incubator in Thailand, Brazil and Indonesia

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Research and development (R&D)-based business incubators serve a strategic function in bridging the divide between scientific innovation and market application. In Indonesia, however, these incubators have yet to reach their full potential. Existing strategic models have not yielded satisfactory outcomes in fostering innovation-driven startups. To address this issue, the present study conducts a benchmarking analysis of R&D-based incubator models in Thailand and Brazil—two emerging economies that, while facing structural challenges similar to Indonesia, exhibit diverse institutional responses and incubation frameworks. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this research identifies the models employed in each country and examines the influence of external environmental factors. The findings are categorized into two main dimensions: incubation model structures and the external environment, analyzed through the PESTLE framework. Thailand implements an augmented Stage-Gate model, Brazil adopts a Business Model Canvas (BMC)-oriented approach, and Indonesia applies a traditional three-stage incubation model. Significant structural gaps were identified in political, economic, and legal aspects, particularly in the Indonesian context. This study offers targeted recommendations to address these disparities and enhance the effectiveness of R&D-based incubators in Indonesia. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to utilize a Systematic Literature Review to compare R&D-based incubator models across emerging economies, thereby providing a robust and transparent foundation for policy and strategic development.