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Development and Validation of a Rubric-Based Mobile Scoring Application for Folk Dance Performance Assessment

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Folk dance performance assessment in Philippine Physical Education is still largely conducted through paper-based rubric scoring, a process that is time-consuming, prone to computation error, and difficult to aggregate across multiple judges. This study developed and validated a rubric-based mobile scoring application for Android intended for Physical Education teachers and competition judges scoring Philippine folk dance performances. The application was built using the ADDIE framework across all five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. It digitizes a five-criterion rubric covering rhythm and timing, technique and execution, expression and artistry, costume and presentation, and synchronization, with automatic weighted score computation, live ranking, and PDF or CSV export. The design was validated by a panel of nine experts drawn from Physical Education master teachers, mobile application developers, and members of the PSHS-CRC Engineering and Research Academic Unit, using a five-domain instrument covering functionality, usability, content and rubric accuracy, visual design, and overall acceptability. The panel rated the application 4.61 out of 5.00 (Highly Acceptable), with a content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.96. A usability pilot with 20 Physical Education teachers produced a mean System Usability Scale score of 84.6, corresponding to an adjective rating of Excellent and grade A. A reliability comparison scored 30 folk dance performances using both the paper rubric and the application with the same five judges; app-computed and manual totals showed a Pearson correlation of r = 0.994 (p < .001) and a two-way mixed, absolute-agreement intraclass correlation coefficient of ICC = 0.991 (95% CI 0.982 to 0.996), indicating near-perfect agreement. A paired-samples t-test found no significant difference between the two methods (t(29) = 1.42, p = .166), while the application reduced mean scoring-and-tally time per performance from 4.7 minutes to 1.3 minutes. The validated application is a complete, reusable, and empirically supported tool that resolves the multi-judge, low-connectivity constraints of live folk dance scoring, and it is now suitable for institutional adoption at PSHS-CRC with continued monitoring.

Predictive Pontryagin Optimal Control of Nonlinear Fully Distributed DCS and CPS under Reliability and Uncertainty Constraints

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The article provides an overview of the optimal control prediction framework for non-linear CPS and DCS in automation. The core issue is the fact that the present architecture of modern automation systems does not behave like a closed loop control system anymore. The design of these systems combines sensors, actuators, edge controllers, communication channels, digital twin, software-as-a-service, human involvement, and states of cyber-security. Thus, control design must not only address accuracy but should be a multicriteria design problem that accounts for reliability, uncertainty, probability mass, delay in communication, and energy costs. Four levels are considered in the proposed framework. The first level refers to forecasting based on hybrid ARIMA-ML model for a short horizon. The second level is concerned with estimating of risk states using Markov model/HMM.  The contribution is a simulation-ready mathematical architecture in which each node solves a local Hamiltonian problem using predicted states, neighbour information and reliability constraints, while the global CPS behavior emerges through networked local decisions. The paper formulates the nonlinear dynamics, cost functional, Hamiltonian conditions, reliability constraints and evaluation protocol for smart factories, smart grids, intelligent buildings and smart campuses. The framework is positioned as a bridge between predictive maintenance and optimal distributed automation control.

The Research Design on the Management of Students’ English Learning Assessment Activities at High Schools in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam

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This paper investigates the research design on the management of students’ English learning assessment activities at high schools in the approach of PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Art). It employed Kumar’s (2011) eight-step format in designing the research process and manipulated Taro’s (1973) formula to calculate its sample size. The sampling for two groups of administrators, teachers of English and students was randomly taken from 10 out of 38 high schools in Tien Giang province, Vietnam. As a result, there were 418 educators and 1829 students chosen, which was much higher than its required sample sizes of 213 administrators, teachers and 397 learners in two groups. Besides, the study exploited a mixed research method to effectively collect quantitative data through questionnaires and qualitative ones through in-depth interviews. Additionally, the study applied SPSS 27.0 software for calculating exploratory factor analysis (EFA), total variance explained and Cronbach’s alpha, and then compared them with three accepted values of 0.3, 50.0% and 0.7, accordingly, for confirming their connection and reliability within each group. The findings indicate that all items in questionnaires met the requirements in this research.

Assessing Performance and Equity of Grade Separators in Heterogeneous Traffic: An Ex-Post Evaluation

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This paper presents an ex-post-performance evaluation of four grade separators (flyovers) in Nagpur, India, focusing on equity and efficiency in heterogeneous traffic. Using the moving observer method and six performance indices, the study compares access- controlled (above-grade) and residual (at-grade) link performance during peak hours.

The analysis reveals that while flyovers benefit faster motorized traffic, they significantly increase delays and unreliability for at-grade users (including NMTs) by reducing effective carriageway width. The study concludes that flyovers are non-equitable interventions that marginalize slower modes. These results highlight the need for decision-makers in developing economies to rethink urban interventions to ensure benefits are distributed across all transport modes.

Validation of Applied Mathematics Exam Test Using Rasch Model Approach: Case Study in Diploma 3 Study Program of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering Politeknik Negeri Bali

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This study validates the Applied Mathematics exam (AME) test on Diploma 3 (D3) Study Program of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering (RACE), Politeknik Negeri Bali (PNB) to determine the validity, reliability, unidemensional, level of difficulty, and discriminatory power of the test. Validation uses the modern test theory approach of the Rasch model. Data were collected during the online final exam of the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The instrument uses a multiple-choice test form with 5 answer options. The sample involved 73 even semester students of the D3 RACE study program who took applied mathematics courses. The data collected were analyzed using the Rasch Model assisted by the Winsteps application. The results of the analysis show that the AME test has an adequate level of validity, most of the questions meet the fit criteria for the Rasch Model. The level of test reliability is categorized as very good with a person and item reliability value of 0.90. Several questions still show misfits that require improvement. Item difficulty and person ability show a proportional distribution between the level of difficulty of the questions and the students’ abilities. Overall, the test’s discriminatory power is categorized as good, although there is one question that needs to be reviewed further for improvement. The implication is that the use of the Rasch Model in validating online test instruments can help teachers in compiling questions that are more valid, reliable, and in accordance with the level of student ability. The implication is that the application of the Rasch Model in validating test instruments can help lecturers in constructing more valid and reliable tests. The results of this study can be used as an empirical example of the application of the Rasch model theory to produce more valid and reliable measurements. It is recommended that the development of future test tests really needs to pay attention to the balance between the level of difficulty of the items and the abilities of the students, and ensure that the measurements are more valid and reliable, especially in the context of polytechnic education.

Validity and Reliability of the Health Belief Questionnaire Model for Mental Health Behavior COVID-19 Survivor

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Background: Research using the Health Belief Model (HBM) is expected to be able to determine a determinant model of mental health behavior for Covid-19 survivors. The focus of HBM is Health Promotion at the individual level by looking at the protective and risk factors that are responsible for a person’s behavioral resistance. Until now there is no instrument that measures individual attitudes and beliefs based on the HBM for the mental health behavior of Covid-19 Survivors.

Method: To assess the validity and reliability of the Health Belief Model Questionnaire for Mental Health Behavior for COVID-19 Survivors. This study is an observational study with a cross sectional approach that presents the results of the validity and reliability of the Health Belief Model Questionnaire instrument for Mental Health Behavior for COVID-19 Survivors. The questionnaire was compiled as many as 16 statement items based on a literature review. The questionnaire consists of Perceptions of Seriousness, Perceptions of Vulnerability, Perceptions of Benefits, Perceptions of Barriers with 4 question items each. The sample size is 64 people. The validity test uses the Pearson Product Moment Correlation formula with a coefficient value of 0.3, while the reliability test uses internal consistency with Cronbach’s Alpha with a coefficient value of 0.7.

Results: The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the average age of Covid survivors was 18-40 years (78.1%), female (79.7%), undergraduate education level (75%), affected in wave II (54.7%) ). The results of the validity test of the 16 items contained 1 invalid item (perception of barriers), while the reliability test showed that of the 15 valid items the results were all reliable.

Conclusion: Overall, the HBM questionnaire is valid and reliable to measure mental health behavior in COVID-19 survivors.

Proposing a Research Model on Factors Affecting Customers’ Trust in E-Commerce Transactions in Binh Dinh

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Although online shopping is convenient, has many advantages, and is the trend of the times, consumers still have not put their whole trust in these goods and service providers. It is essential to study the factors affecting customer trust in e-commerce transactions. To have the basis to carry out this study, the authors have analyzed relevant research at home and abroad. On that basis, propose a model to study the factors affecting the trust of customers in e-commerce transactions in Binh Dinh province, which are: website reputation, website design, information quality, transaction safety, and social impact.