The Effectiveness of Macroprudential Policy in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review of Its Impact on the Stability and Strategic Performance of the Banking Sector

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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of macroprudential policies in enhancing stability and strategic performance in the banking sectors of developing countries through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The primary focus is to assess the extent to which various policy instruments—such as the Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio, Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB), and Reserve Requirements (RR)—contribute to mitigating systemic risk, reducing credit procyclicality, and influencing bank profitability and efficiency. Employing the PRISMA framework, the study analyzes 87 empirical studies sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost, published between 2010 and 2024. Thematic synthesis and bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer were conducted to synthesize the findings. The results indicate that macroprudential policies are generally effective in strengthening banking sector resilience to external shocks and curbing systemic risk accumulation, although their efficacy is highly contingent upon institutional capacity and policy coordination within individual countries. Furthermore, a trade-off emerges between systemic stability and operational efficiency: stringent macroprudential measures tend to dampen short-term profitability while enhancing long-term resilience. This research contributes to the literature on financial management and strategic banking by comprehensively integrating macroprudential and microprudential dimensions and offering policy recommendations tailored to the institutional and economic contexts of developing economies.

A Gamified Mobile Health Framework for Pediatric Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence

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Tuberculosis (TB) treatment in children requires long-term adherence to anti-tuberculosis drug therapy (OTD), which often leads to boredom and refusal to take medication. Non-adherence to treatment can increase the risk of treatment failure, relapse, and drug resistance. This study proposes a mobile health-based gamification framework designed to improve treatment adherence in pediatric TB patients by integrating game elements into the therapy monitoring process. The gamification framework was developed using a user-centered approach by identifying factors influencing adherence through interviews with pediatric patients, medication supervisors (PMOs), and healthcare professionals. Aspects of medication adherence were mapped using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and classified into dimensions of behavior, motivation, knowledge, and memory. User characteristics were analyzed using the HEXAD gamification user types questionnaire to determine the dominant user type. The analysis showed that the dominant user type in pediatric TB patients was the player type, followed by the socializer type and the free spirit type. Based on these findings, a gamification framework was designed that includes points, rewards, challenges, reminders, and progress visualization mechanisms. Expert evaluation using the After-Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ) demonstrated high levels of satisfaction and confidence that the proposed framework has the potential to improve treatment adherence. This study demonstrates that mobile health-based gamification design has strong potential as a behavior change strategy to support long-term pediatric TB treatment.

Mapping the Landscape of Qualitative Analysis: Thematic Analysis, Colaizzi’s and Giorgi Models

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Qualitative research offers rich means for exploring human experience, meaning, and interpretation. A central step in qualitative inquiry is data analysis—turning interviews, texts, or observations into interpreted findings. Over the decades, scholars have proposed multiple structured models to guide the analytic process.

This article reviews and compares several influential qualitative data analysis models: general thematic analysis (and its variants), the Braun & Clarke reflexive thematic analysis, descriptive phenomenological methods of Giorgi and Colaizzi (and variants), and related phenomenological approaches (e.g. van Kaam, Moustakas). For each method, description of its philosophical underpinnings, procedural steps, strengths/limitations, and illustrate by citing published empirical applications.

Relationship between Screen Time Duration and Sleep Quality in Children Aged 2–5 Years in Kupang

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Background: The use of digital devices (gadgets) among young children continues to increase. Recent data show that approximately 39.71% of young children in Indonesia use mobile phones. Excessive screen exposure (screen time) can suppress melatonin production by up to 99% and reduce sleep duration. In Indonesia, the prevalence of sleep disturbances among preschool children reaches 44.2%; however, research on the relationship between screen time and sleep quality in East Nusa Tenggara remains very limited.

Methods: This study employed a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 70 children aged 2–5 years from the service areas of Sikumana Primary Health Center and Tarus Primary Health Center were selected using consecutive sampling. The study instruments included a screen time duration questionnaire and the Indonesian version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test.

Results: In total, 52.9% of children had normal screen time duration (≤60 minutes/day) and 47.1% had excessive screen time (>60 minutes/day). Most participants (68.6%) had poor sleep quality based on CSHQ scores. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between screen time duration and sleep quality among children aged 2–5 years (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: There is an association between screen time duration and sleep quality; excessive digital media use is related to poorer sleep quality in toddlers. Parents are advised to limit children’s screen time according to recommendations to maintain healthy sleep.

Model of the Philosophy and Civic Education Teacher as an Instructor in the “School of the Future”

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The article examines a model of the Philosophy and Civic Education (PCE) teacher in the context of the “School of the Future.” The focus is on the transformation of the teacher’s professional role from a traditional instructor to a leader, mentor, and learning facilitator. The study analyzes the key personal and professional qualities required to deliver curriculum content aimed at fostering critical thinking, moral reflection, and civic responsibility. The proposed model integrates interactive teaching methods and the use of digital technologies as tools to enhance student engagement and active participation. The findings highlight the significance of the PCE teacher as a central factor in developing conscious and active citizens in contemporary society.

 

Charting the Evolution of Sin Tax Research: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review

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Sin taxes—selektif excise levies on goods like alcohol, tobacco and sugar‑sweetened beverages—are used to internalize negative externalities and self‑control problems. This bibliometric review analyzes 55 Scopus‑indexed publications from 1997–2024 identified through a systematic search for “sin tax” and “sin taxes” up to 26 December 2025 and filtered for scholarly, English‑language economics and finance works. Publication output grew from sporadic early contributions to a surge starting in 2013 and peaking at eleven papers in 2022. Authorship is dispersed (138 unique authors, only four with multiple papers), and output is geographically concentrated, with the United States producing nearly half of publications and Finland, Italy and the United Kingdom contributing smaller shares. Keyword clustering highlights themes around optimal tax design, consumption behaviour, obesity, pass‑through and paternalism, reflecting intersections between public finance, behavioural economics and health policy. The field is expanding but remains geographically skewed, signalling the need for more research in developing countries, greater interdisciplinary collaboration and deeper exploration of new sin goods and long‑term health and fiscal effects.

The Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Decoction on Random Blood Glucose Levels in Elderly Residents at the Kupang Social Welfare Institution (UPTD) for the Elderly

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease commonly affecting the elderly as a result of physiological aging and reduced metabolic function. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and polyphenols, which have been reported to possess antihyperglycemic effects.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of moringa leaf decoction on random blood glucose levels among elderly individuals at the UPTD Social Welfare Institution for the Elderly in Kupang.

Methods: This pre-experimental study employed a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 40 elderly participants selected based on inclusion criteria. The intervention consisted of administering 150 mL of moringa leaf decoction, prepared by boiling 0.3 g of moringa leaves in 450 mL of water at 80°C for 6 minutes, once daily in the morning before meals for seven consecutive days. Random blood glucose levels were measured before and after the intervention using a glucometer. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results: The mean random blood glucose level decreased from 140.2 mg/dL before the intervention to 120.7 mg/dL after the intervention. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels (p = 0.002).

Conclusion: Moringa leaf decoction significantly reduced random blood glucose levels among elderly individuals at the UPTD Social Welfare Institution for the Elderly in Kupang.

The Effect of The PBL Model Using Eco Fraction Media on Numeric Literacy and Problem Solving Skills in Fraction Material of Grade IV Students

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This research seeks to examine the significant impact of applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model supported by Eco Fraction media on elementary school students’ numeracy literacy and problem-solving abilities in fraction topics. This research engaged 56 fourth-grade students from classes IV A and IV B at SDN Citrodiwangsan 02. The sample was selected through cluster random sampling, and the study adopted a quantitative quasi experimental approach using a non equivalent control group design. Data were collected using validated instruments measuring numeracy literacy and mathematical problem-solving abilities. The results of the independent samples t-test showed a significance level below 0.001 (p < 0.05), demonstrating a statistically meaningful difference between the experimental and control groups. The results indicate that students in the experimental group attained superior average posttest scores in numeracy literacy, with a mean of 75.36, compared to 60.54 in the control group. Likewise, the experimental group showed higher achievement in mathematical problem-solving skills, obtaining an average score of 78.07, whereas the control group recorded a mean score of 62.96. These results demonstrate that integrating the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach with concrete instructional media derived from recycled materials, such as Eco Fraction, effectively supports students in transforming abstract mathematical concepts into meaningful understanding, while enhancing critical thinking, mathematical reasoning, and contextual problem-solving skills in alignment with the cognitive development level of elementary school learners.

Unidimensionality Analysis and Differential Item Functioning in the Applied Mathematics Final Examination Test of Politeknik Negeri Bali Students Using the Rasch Model

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The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the fulfillment of unidimensionality assumptions on Applied Mathematics FSE instruments by the Rasch Model, (2) to identify and analyze the existence of items that have differential item functioning (DIF) among study programs in the polytechnic, and (3) to interpret as well as recommend improvements to instruments based on results from analysis about unidimensionality and DIF. This survey is quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. The sample consists of 206 students coming from three study programs: the Mechanical Engineering, the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, and the Utility Engineering Technology, Politeknik Negeri Bali (PNB), selected by the total sampling method. The research instrument comprises five questions constructed according to an outcome-based education (OBE) curriculum where content validity was checked through Aiken’s V method, giving a value equal to 0.91. Data were analyzed using Winsteps 5.9 software based on the Rasch model. Results of the analysis indicated that the test has outstanding reliability and separation indices both on respondents and items. Most items fall within the fitting criteria of the Rasch Model. The unidimensionality test proved that it can consistently measure a single construct in applied mathematics competency. Based on DIF analysis, most items work well across different learning categories, but a few items have large and significant DIFs. These imply that this instrument is suitable to be used as an assessment tool for learning outcomes where several parts still need improvement to enhance fairness in measuring. It raises awareness about conducting comprehensive evaluations on assessment tools within the OBE context in vocational education.

Forging a Competitive Edge: A Policy Paper on Mandating Certification for Industrial Management Consulting Services in Indonesia

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Indonesia’s industrial sector stands as the cornerstone of the national economy, yet it faces escalating challenges from intense global competition. To sustain growth and competitiveness, there is an urgent need for a strategic enhancement of the sector’s internal support systems. This policy paper identifies a critical structural weakness within this ecosystem: the absence of a standardized quality assurance mechanism for Industrial Management Consulting Services (JKMI). The current lack of regulation creates significant market uncertainty, hinders effective decision-making for industrial clients, and places a ceiling on the nation’s industrial potential.

To address this gap, this paper proposes a decisive regulatory intervention: the issuance of a Minister of Industry Regulation mandating business entity certification for all JKMI providers. The validity of this proposal is underpinned by a comprehensive Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) and a detailed Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). These evaluations rigorously compared the proposed regulatory framework against the status quo. The findings are unequivocal, demonstrating that the regulation offers substantial net benefits. It promises to provide industries with reliable and competent partners, incentivize consulting entities to invest in quality standards, and equip the government with superior tools for policy development.

Translating these findings into action, the paper concludes with four strategic recommendations. First, it urges the immediate finalization of the regulation to establish legal certainty. Second, it calls for a robust implementation framework for certification and classification. Third, a managed transition plan is recommended to accommodate existing entities. Finally, the paper advises executing strategic socialization and inter-agency coordination to ensure widespread adoption, thereby securing the long-term reliability of Indonesia’s industrial support infrastructure.