Articles

Tumor Detection with PET and CT: A Comparative Physical Review

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important molecular imaging modality in oncology because it provides functional and metabolic information that complements the anatomical information obtained from computed tomography (CT). However, the ability of PET to detect tumors is fundamentally determined by several physical characteristics of the imaging system, including spatial resolution, sensitivity, image contrast, noise, photon attenuation, scatter, random coincidences, and partial-volume effects. This review aims to examine the physical basis of PET for tumor detection and to compare its principal imaging characteristics with those of CT. A comparative narrative review was conducted using relevant literature on PET physics, detector instrumentation, image formation, image-quality determinants, tumor detectability, and the physical principles of CT. The reviewed evidence indicates that PET provides high sensitivity to radiotracer distribution and functional abnormalities, making it particularly valuable for detecting metabolically active tumors. However, its relatively limited spatial resolution and susceptibility to attenuation, scatter, noise, and partial-volume effects can restrict the detection and accurate characterization of small or low-contrast lesions. In contrast, CT provides superior anatomical detail and spatial resolution through X-ray attenuation measurements but offers substantially less direct functional information. The evidence therefore indicates that PET and CT possess complementary physical capabilities: PET is primarily advantageous for functional and metabolic tumor characterization, whereas CT is superior for anatomical localization and structural delineation. Understanding these physical differences is essential for interpreting the respective strengths and limitations of PET and CT in tumor detection and for optimizing their complementary use in hybrid PET/CT imaging.

Systematic Literature Review on the Effectiveness of LDPE and PET Waste in Piezoelectric Paving with a DC Coupling System

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This paper analyzes the effectiveness of utilizing waste materials consisting of LDPE and PET compounds for pavement, integrating piezoelectric technology with a DC coupling control system. This pavement may function as a sustainable renewable energy solution for the global energy crisis. Paving systems including these materials can effectively convert mechanical stress into electrical energy, hence improving sustainable urban energy infrastructure. This study aims to evaluate a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 100 relevant international and national journal publications. The SLR method systematically identifies, assesses, and synthesizes current research, ensuring the relevance and contextual specificity of the chosen studies. The author provides a realistic framework for testing, emphasizing the significance of quality control to ensure accurate results.

The Study of Teenage Stress of Pet Owners and Non-Pet Owners during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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In December 2019, the new coronavirus outbreak forced many countries to quarantine in their own homes. It can cause a lot of stress. For example, the increasing number of infected people makes us anxious. This leads people to find ways to relieve stress. In this research, we analyzed whether raising animals could really help reduce stress. We collected information from pet owners and non-pet owners who are between 13 and 19 years old using an online questionnaire. Survey samples were selected through a volunteer sampling method with a total of 120 responses. We analyzed data using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results of the analysis showed different outcomes for stress in the teenage pet owners and non-pet owners during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was no different outcome in the aspect of attitudes toward pets between pet and non-pet owners. Our results revealed that the stress of non-pet owners was higher than the pet owners. Therefore, people who keep pets experience less stress from quarantine during the coronavirus outbreak than those who do not keep pets during quarantine. Our analysis revealed that the attitude toward pets of pet owners and the attitude toward pets of non-pet owners were very similar and still above the mean attitude toward pets of pet owners and non-pet owners are both at a good level.