Articles

Institutional Capacity and the Productivity of R&D: Evidence from Patent Outcomes Across Countries

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Innovation is a key driver of economic growth. However, countries with similar research and development spending show very different patent outputs. This raises questions about what makes innovation efficient. This study examines whether government effectiveness affects the relationship between R&D spending and patent production in different countries. Using panel data from 111 countries from 2000 to 2020, we use two-way fixed effects models and System Generalized Method of Moments estimation to address potential issues of innovation persistence and reverse causality. The main variable we are looking at is the natural logarithm of one plus resident patent applications. The main independent variables are R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP and the government effectiveness index, both measured two years earlier. The results show that R&D investment significantly increases patent activity. Specifically, a one percentage point increase in R&D intensity is associated with about a 39% increase in patent output. Conversely, the relationship between research and development (R&D) and governmental efficacy is both negative and statistically significant, suggesting that the incremental impact of R&D on patent output decreases as the quality of governance improves. This unexpected result probably reflects technological catch-up processes; nations with less robust institutions tend to experience swift patent expansion during periods of capacity building, whereas advanced economies characterized by strong governance increasingly prioritize quality over sheer volume. Dynamic models demonstrate considerable persistence in patenting behavior, as evidenced by a lagged dependent variable coefficient of 0.623, thereby validating path-dependent innovation processes. These observations imply that effective innovation policy requires aligning research investments with institutional capacities and the prevailing developmental context, rather than prioritizing either independently. This research provides empirical support for the influence of governance capacity on national innovation systems.

Analysis of Student Soft Skill Profiles: A Case Study at Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta

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This study aims to analyze the soft skill profiles of Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta students based on ten dimensions: communication, teamwork, leadership, problem solving and critical thinking, time management and organization, adaptability and flexibility, ethics and responsibility, creativity and innovation, emotional intelligence, and digital skills and information literacy. A total of 160 respondents completed a 1–4 Likert scale questionnaire. Descriptive analysis results show that all dimensions are in the medium category with an overall average of 3.189. The dimensions with the highest scores were ethics and responsibility (3.376) and digital skills and information literacy (3.260), followed by teamwork, adaptability, and time management. Conversely, the dimensions with the lowest relative averages were creativity and innovation (3.000) and communication (3.095), although they remained in the medium category. These findings conclude that students have an adequate foundation of soft skills but have not yet reached an excellent level, especially in the aspects of communication, creativity, and critical thinking. These results imply the need for a more integrated soft skills development strategy in the curriculum, student activities, and cooperation with industry to encourage improvement from a moderate to a high level.

Apple Inc.: A Case Study on Marketing Excellence and Sustainable Innovation in a Dynamic Market

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The research will undertake an in-depth case study approach to the marketing strategic analysis of Apple Inc., an American tech giant recognized for its technological innovations and contributions. This case study aims to gain insights into its competitive positioning, marketing strategies, and prospects. Apple is a leading technology company and one of the most successful and innovative companies in the world. Its highly effective marketing strategy that meticulously incorporates consumer behavior analytics has helped it dominate the tech industry and become a household name. The study explores pivotal theories on Brand Equity and Emotional Marketing, providing insights into how companies can sustain and retain their competitive edge in the dynamic market. Subsequently, it undertakes an exhaustive 7Ps Marketing Mix analysis of Apple. The analysis delves into Apple’s long-term sustainability goals within its business model. It assesses its current initiatives aligned with the UN SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) to examine the company’s challenges in achieving them in the present scenario. The findings from the study reveal that Apple’s marketing strategy aligns with the company’s mission and vision to provide the best products and an elegant user-centric experience to its loyal base of customers through innovation, product differentiation, and evoking a sense of emotional attachment to its users. Apple’s marketing strategy aligned with the company’s SDGs of achieving a seventy-five per cent overall reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 through innovative carbon-neutral design solutions and recycling and reuse policies over its entire supply chain while still upholding its name in producing the best products. The study highlights the potential for transformative breakthroughs and underscores the necessity of continuous innovation and adaptability for future success.

Digital Transformation in Human Resource Management: A Case Study of Haier Group and Its Strategic Implications for Businesses

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This study explores the strategic implications of digital transformation for corporate growth and sustainability by examining its function in human resource management (HRM), particularly within Haier Group. HRM must adjust by utilizing technology to improve organizational performance as the global economy continues to change due to digitalization. The study discusses the ethical ramifications of the “soft” and “hard” models of human resource management as well as the growing significance of digital HRM in the increasingly interconnected world. The study examines how Haier Group has improved its HR procedures, such as hiring, training, performance management, and employee engagement, by implementing digital tools and platforms. Haier has a competitive edge in the worldwide market thanks to its strategic approach, which combines innovation, technology, and human resources. The study also explores the drawbacks and advantages of digital HRM, including enhanced employee satisfaction, cost savings, and data-driven decision-making. Finally, the study sheds light on HRM’s future by highlighting how crucial it is to constantly adjust to new technology in order to be competitive.

Developing Business Strategies to Grow the Business of PT Asia Civil Indonesia

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The significant market growth translate into business opportunity for construction such toll road, office building, bridge, LRT, High speed train, including huge opportunity in IKN and data centre with potential The Indonesia Construction Market size is estimated at USD 264.34 billion in 2023, and is expected to reach USD 379.41 billion by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 7.50% during the forecast period (2023-2028). This opportunity in industry up trend but no impact in growth PT Asia Civil Indonesia and company need to renew and review their focus on business model development with business strategy approach and need to evaluation they are market growth and cost structure. In qualitative research utilizing depth interviews, the research design serves as the blueprint guiding the investigation’s execution. The primary objective of this research approach is to delve deeply into participants’ thoughts, feelings, and experiences to gain rich and nuanced insights into the phenomena under study. In conclusion, the research conducted on PT ACI underscores the importance of strategic initiatives in enhancing its business operations within the construction industry. Through a comprehensive analysis of current business practices and market dynamics, PT ACI can identify areas for improvement and leverage opportunities for growth. The implementation plan outlined in the study emphasizes the significance of networking strategies and technology adaptation in achieving business objectives. Networking plays a pivotal role in expanding PT ACI’s reach within the industry, facilitating valuable connections with potential clients, partners, and industry peers. By actively participating in industry events, forums, and networking opportunities, PT ACI can build relationships, gain insights into market trends, and secure new business opportunities.

The Importance of Digital Technology and Clustering for Innovation in MSEs. Evidence from Secondary Data in Indonesia

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This paper explores the relationship between innovation and these two determinants in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the manufacturing industry in Indonesia, using secondary data. The key question in this research: is there evidence of the importance of DT and clustering for innovation capability in MSEs in Indonesia? The paper analyzes secondary data from Indonesia’s National Agency of Statistics and reviews key literature on innovation and digitalization in MSEs, and industrial cluster development in Indonesia. It is found that the number of industrial clusters of micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) is concentrated on the island of Java, where more than 50% of the population is located, and is the most advanced region in economic development and industrialization in Indonesia. The majority of MSME clusters are in the food industry and woodworking industries. Only a very few of MSEs in the manufacturing industry use the Internet and do innovation. The type of innovation mostly is product innovation. Both relationships between MSEs doing innovation and MSEs using the internet and the total number of clusters are positive. But, statistically, only the relationship between the number of MSEs doing innovation and use of the internet is significant.

Designing the Knowledge Management Strategy to Foster Continuous Improvement and Innovation in the Transportation Company

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In the contemporary business landscape, organizations and enterprises harness their knowledge as a distinctive competitive advantage to compete with competitors. The emergence of new technology-based transportation services along with the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has prompted Limosin Sejahtera, one of the business units of PT. Transportasi Inovatif Indonesia recognizes the importance of knowledge management as a strategic approach to leverage its knowledge assets. Through the APO Knowledge Management Assessment Tool and stakeholder interview, the research identifies several challenges that hinder the organization’s ability to leverage its knowledge assets effectively and impede innovation and continuous improvement initiatives. APO KM Assessment shows that KM maturity has already reached the Expansion level. The results then serve as a pivotal reference point, guiding the identification of precise strategies that have the potential to elevate knowledge management (KM) practices and lead the organization to foster continuous improvement and innovation culture.

VRIO Analysis in the Commercialization of the Traditional Music Industry

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Art is one of the elements of human culture in general which is an expression of the creativity of the culture itself. Culture-based creativity is a reflection or uniqueness of a nation’s identity. However, in the current era of globalization, traditional arts are increasingly being abandoned by the public. Based on the data released by jabarprov.go.id about West Java arts’ status state that there are several traditional arts that are almost extinct and there will be an increasing number of traditional arts that follow extinction. One of the reasons is that the current generation is more interested in popular music than traditional music or in other words they are not sufficiently concerned about their own culture. This is also because many think that traditional art is outdated. Not only experiencing extinction, several Indonesian traditional arts have also been claimed by other countries. Quoting from kompas.com (2010) in his article entitled “Angklung Will Become a World Cultural Heritage” which also discussed where angklung as a traditional art from Indonesia was claimed by another country which infuriated the Indonesian people, and after the debate between Indonesia and Malaysia. Angklung then was registered as an Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) of Indonesia at UNESCO in November 2010. In order to actively participate in preserving and maintaining the existence of angklung in society, RagamLaras came up with an innovation for angklung, where the RagamLaras angklung has 15 scales that can play both pentatonic and diatonic notes in one angklung ensemble. It is hoped that it can provide a new presentation for the performing arts of angklung and open space for creativity for traditional artists, as well as spreading the public awareness, especially the younger generation, to get to know and preserve the nation’s culture better.

A Brief Review of Healthcare System Transformation Directions

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The health care systems globally are undergoing constant changes and redesign processes within the framework of increasing patient expectations and increasingly challenging objectives related to the health of populations, cost reduction and improvement of health care quality. New approaches of healthcare reimbursement and payment are being implemented with the aim to contain costs. In parallel, there are relentless efforts to improve the quality of care through the reorganization of the healthcare team, increasingly relying on evidence, putting the patients at the centre of care, and greater participation of the patients in the process of healthcare. Overcoming the fragmentation of health systems is a major challenge for most countries of the world.  In this light, healthcare system innovation and transformation, in order to meet the expectations of the patients, healthcare professionals and other stakeholders involved is of critical importance. System thinking offers an opportunity for healthcare professionals and experts of health system administration, management and strategic planning to fine-tune the health system so that it can fulfil its aspirations.

Privatization of SOEs a Shift from Protectionism and a Factor of Economic Growth

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: In the framework of economic development, we argue that privatization of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) is unarguably one of the gateways to succeeding in economic growth. It provides the basis for perfect market competition, promoting employment, reducing government expenditure burden on its budget, promoting employment growth and provides efficient services, boost innovation and the technological revolution of especially developing countries which is an undisputable evidence for economic growth seen for example in Asia and China to be specific. China and a good number of countries with perfect market structures, early economic successes can be largely accredited to privatization of their underperforming SOEs model of promoting economic growth.  In this article, we will attempt to draw the attention of readers on the conjectural background of privatization of SOEs, its effects in promoting economic growth and strategies of its implementation drawing from the experiences of other countries. We used descriptive analysis approach to describe the facts and effects about the significance of privatization of SOEs in economies that are opening up or still moving up the economic development ladder. The paper also draws lessons from developed economies like the US where privatization is a symbol of a capitalist and free market society, although focusing on developing countries with specific reference to Sierra Leone, bench marking the case of China. We discovered that privatization helps government save more and improve efficiency largely through competition that motivates development as well as innovation.