Articles

Morphological Variability of Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lamk) in Taba Penanjung District, Central Bengkulu Regency

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Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) is widely cultivated in Indonesia and has potential source as food, fruit, vegetable, and industrial raw material. However, scientific information on morphological variation in local jackfruit remains limited, including in Central Bengkulu Regency. This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristics of local jackfruit originated from Taba Penanjung District, Central Bengkulu. Ten jackfruit trees representing five accessions were evaluated. Thirty-eight characters, consisting of 14 qualitative and 24 quantitative characters, were observed based on the descriptor of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Data were analyzed using the Gower dissimilarity coefficient and the Average Linkage method ith PBSTAT-CL version 2.2.1. The five accessions were grouped into to clusters at a cophenetic distance of 0.6. Cluster I consisted of Penum, Lubuk Sini, Tanjung Heran, and Bajak accessions, with variations in crown shape (oblong, spherical, elliptical, and broadly pyramidal), leaf blade shape (elliptic, oblong, and narrowly elliptic), and fruit shape (clavate, ellipsoid, spheroid, and oblong). Fruit length in this cluster ranged from 29,75 to 37,10 cm, flesh weight from 425,81 to 460,92 g per 1 kg of fruit, and total soluble solids from 15 to 16,5 °Brix. Cluster II consisted of the Taba Penanjung accession, characterized by a semicircular crown, obovate leaves, and oblong fruit, with a fruit length of 40,6 cm, flesh weight of 300,25 g per 1 kg fruit, and total soluble solids of 11 ºBrix. Tanjung Heran, Bajak, and Taba Penanjung showed a superior potential as germplasm sources for total soluble solids, flesh weight, and fruit size, respectively, for jackfruit breeding program.

Morphological Characteristics of Jackfruit at Pasar Manna District of South Bengkulu, Indonesia

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Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) is a plant species with high potential to develop. This species is commonly found in home gardens and adaptive to various environmental conditions. The use of jackfruit as a table fruit, vegetable, and medicine has remained limited. This study aims to assess the genetic diversity of local jackfruit in Pasar Manna District, South Bengkulu Regency, Indonesia, based on morphological traits and soluble solids concentration. Field observations and purposive sampling were employed, and plant morphology was identified using both qualitative and quantitative data based on the descriptors published by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI, 2000). Morphological analysis of 10 jackfruit trees from five sub-districts in Pasar Manna District revealed 35 distinct traits, highlighting both differences and similarities among genotypes. The identified accessions—Tanjung Mulia1 (TM1), Tanjung Mulia2 (TM2), Ketapang Besar1 (KB1), Ketapang Besar2 (KB2), Padang Sialang1 (PS1), Padang Sialang2 (PS2), Pasar Bawah1 (PB1), Pasar Bawah2 (PB2), Pasar Mulia1 (PM1), and Pasar Mulia2 (PM2)—exhibited variations in plant morphology. TM1, TM2, and PS1 produced fruits with spheroid and ellipsoid shapes, weighing between 5.8 kg and 8.9 kg, with sugar content ranging from 11 Brix to 17 Brix. These findings indicate significant variation in fruit, stem, and seed morphology, suggesting adaptation to the local environment. This study contributes to the advancement of enhanced jackfruit germplasm in South Bengkulu, Indonesia.

Sustainability Status of Alabio Duck Farming in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, Indonesia

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Alabio Duck (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) is a germplasm originating from Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan. Currently, the availability of pure Alabio Ducks is very limited in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency due to various factors that threaten the sustainability of Alabio duck farming. This paper aims to analyse the sustainability status of Alabio duck farming in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is used to determine the sustainability status. The result showed that the sustainability status of Alabio duck farming in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency is classified as moderately sustainable. However, the ecological and technological dimensions are classified as less sustainable, the economic and institutional dimensions are classified as moderately sustainable, while only the social dimension is classified as sustainable. Improvements are needed in the conditions of Alabio duck farming to raise its sustainability status in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency.