Articles

Behavior-Based Malaria Incidence Prediction Model in the Hanura Community Health Center Work Area, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung, Indonesia

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Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. This disease remains a public health problem in the working area of ​​the Hanura Community Health Center, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung, Indonesia. Behavioral factors and home protection conditions are thought to play a role in increasing the risk of malaria, such as the use of mosquito nets, mosquito repellent, wire mesh, and activities outside the house at night. This study aims to analyze behavioral factors that influence the incidence of malaria in the working area of ​​the Hanura Community Health Center, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung, Indonesia. This study used an observational analytical design with a case-control approach conducted in November 2025–January 2026. The study sample consisted of 113 case groups and 113 control groups selected using proportional random sampling techniques. Data were obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that the use of mosquito nets had a significant relationship with the incidence of malaria (p-value = 0.016; OR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.17–3.42), the use of mosquito repellent (p-value = 0.002; OR = 2.95; 95% CI = 1.53–5.70), and the use of wire netting (p-value = 0.008; OR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.25–3.61). Meanwhile, activities outside the house at night did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of malaria (p-value = 0.893). Behavioral factors and physical protection of the house play an important role in the incidence of malaria. The use of mosquito nets, mosquito repellent, and wire netting has been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of malaria, so that sustainable prevention efforts are needed through improving healthy living behaviors and protecting the home environment.

Factors Related To the Incidence of Pulmonary TB in Rural Communities in South Lampung, Indonesia: A Case-Control Study

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Indonesia is ranked second in the world with the highest number of TB cases after India. The trend in the case detection rate of tuberculosis cases for all types per 100,000 population in Lampung Province, Indonesia, during 2016-2020 tends to increase. This research aims to analyze factors related to the incidence of pulmonary TB. This case-control study with a sample of 58 respondents (29 in the case group and 29 in the control group) was conducted in the work area of one of the public health centers in South Lampung Regency, starting September-October 2023, using purposive sampling. The research instrument consists of a questionnaire sheet. Data analysis used Chi-square and logistic regression tests. The results of the study showed that the factors associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB in this study area were age (OR= 3.90; 95% CI = 2.28-6.65), nutritional status (OR= 3.72; 95% CI = 1, 23-11, 16), economic status (OR= 4, 22; 95% CI = 1, 40-12, 65), home hygiene (OR= 6, 89; 95% CI = 2, 17- 21.80), smoking habits (OR: 4.71, 95% CI = 1.48-15.03), and the history of pulmonary TB in the immediate family (OR: 3.57, 95% CI = 1.12-11 .37). The dominant factors associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB in this area are economic status (OR= 34.31; 95% CI= 1.56-753.26) and history of pulmonary TB in the immediate family (OR= 37.67; 95% CI = 1.75-809.26). It is necessary to provide education on risk factors for the incidence of tuberculosis, especially about reducing close contact between TB patients and family members, for example, by wearing masks and not throwing away TB patient waste.