Medication Adherence in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Based on the Health Belief Model Perception

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment. Treatment adherence is an important factor in controlling blood glucose levels and preventing complications. Patient perception based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) is thought to play a role in shaping treatment adherence behavior. This study aims to analyze the influence of HBM perceptions on treatment adherence in DM patients at the Gadingrejo community health center, Pringsewu, Lampung province, Indonesia. This study used an observational analytical design with a case-control approach conducted in April–June 2026. A sample of 206 respondents consisting of 103 case groups and 103 control groups, selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using the HBM and MMAS-8 questionnaires, then analyzed using the Chi-Square test with α = 0.05. There was a significant influence between perceived susceptibility (p<0.001; OR=3.051; 95%CI=1.730–5.383), perceived severity (p=0.002; OR=2.482; 95%CI=1.417–4.347), perceived benefit (p<0.001; OR=2.927; 95%CI=1.662–5.156), perceived barriers (p=0.012; OR=2.120; 95%CI=1.213–3.702), self-efficacy (p=0.005; OR=2.290; 95%CI=1.310–4.003), and cues to action (p<0.001; OR=4.531; 95%CI=2.492–8.239) on medication adherence. All constructs of the HBM influence medication adherence in DM patients. Increasing positive perceptions and reducing barriers can support better medication adherence.