Measures to Develop Language for 3-4 Years Old Preschoolers Through Picture Storytelling Activities

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Language is a tool for children to communicate and exchange. Lean on language, children can express their thoughts and expand their communication skills in learning and playing. The task of language development for children is one of the important aims in the childhood education. Preschool teachers need to develop children’s language in all kinds of educational activities anywhere, anytime in the preschool. One of the activities that create an opportunity for children to develop language is storytelling with picture activities. Through storytelling with picture activities helps children develop coherent language, clearer pronunciation, and increases their vocabulary. In addition, storytelling with picture activities is a tool of comprehensively education children.

Head and Neck Alignment for Optimal Glottic view at Paediatric Laryngoscopy: Comparison of two Anatomical Axes

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Background: Suboptimal head-neck alignment in children, with consequent poor glottic visualisation, results in delayed tracheal intubation cascading to peri-intubation sequelae.

Objective: To determine the degree of glottic view achieved in children during direct rigid laryngoscopy for orotracheal intubation with head-neck alignment done keeping the suprasternal notch-auditory meatus (SN-AM) axis versus the sternal angle-auditory meatus (SA-AM) axis, horizontally.

Methods: Following ethical clearance and informed parental consent, 68 children aged 1 – 6 years, of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II, were randomized into two groups of pre-intubation head-neck alignments: group A used horizontal SN-AM axis, while group B adopted horizontal SA-AM axis, for the alignment. Degree of glottic view achieved, tracheal intubation attempts, external laryngeal backward upward rightward pressure (BURP) manoeuvre and grade were recorded. Glottic view achieved and grade of BURP applied were assessed using the Cormack-Lehane grading and three-point Likert scales respectively; the time to orotracheal intubation (TTOTI), defined as the period from removal of preoxygenating face mask to first capnographic evidence of correct tracheal tube placement, and immediate post-intubation arterial Oxygen saturation (SpO2) also were recorded.

Results: All 68 children completed the study. The groups were comparable in Cormack-Lehane grades of glottic visualisation, P=0.611, with statistically similar BURP application, P=0.642. The mean TTOTI (26.97±2.58 versus 26.41±2.68) in seconds, and the peri-intubation mean percentage SpO2 (95.08±1.08 versus 94.85±0.957) showed no significant difference, P=0.383 and 0.346, respectively, with zero occurrence of peri-intubation complications, in the groups.

Conclusion: In children aged 1-6 years, the degree of glottic visualisation achieved at conventional rigid laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation, is similar between head-neck alignment done by keeping the SN-AM axis in horizontal plane and head-neck alignment done by keeping the SA-AM axis horizontally.

Behavioral and Environmental Risk Factors of Malaria Incidence: A Spatial Analysis in a Rural Endemic Area of Eastern Indonesia

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Malaria remains a significant public health problem in East Sumba Regency, particularly in rural areas with ecological conditions favorable for Anopheles vector breeding. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between behavioral and household environmental risk factors and malaria incidence and to map the spatial distribution of cases in Mau Bokul Village. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 194 respondents during August–September 2025. Data were obtained through microscopic examination of thick blood smears, structured questionnaire interviews, and geographic coordinate mapping using Avenza Maps. Statistical analysis used Fisher’s Exact Test, while spatial analysis applied buffering and overlay techniques. The prevalence of malaria was 4.1% (8 cases). Significant associations were found between malaria incidence and not using bed nets (p < 0.001), nighttime outdoor activities (p < 0.001), sleeping outdoors (p < 0.001), non-permanent house walls (p = 0.001), absence of window screens (p = 0.028), and proximity to rivers (p = 0.001). Spatial analysis demonstrated clustering of cases within a 500-meter buffer radius from the river. These findings indicate that sleeping outdoors and residence near river areas were the most strongly associated factors with malaria incidence. The study provides spatial evidence that malaria transmission in rural endemic settings tends to cluster around river buffer zones, emphasizing the importance of integrating GIS-based surveillance with environmental management and behavior-focused interventions to support malaria control and elimination strategies in similar endemic regions.

Application of Magnesium Sulfate in In-Situ Leaching of Rare Earth Elements: Mechanisms, Performance and Environmental Implications

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Ion-adsorption clay deposits are among the most important sources of heavy rare-earth elements (REEs), particularly in southern China, where extraction is commonly performed by in situ leaching (ISL) using ammonium salts. Although ammonium sulfate and related lixiviants achieve high extraction efficiencies via ion-exchange mechanisms, their large-scale use has raised significant environmental concerns, including ammonium contamination, soil degradation, and groundwater pollution. In recent years, magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) has emerged as a potential alternative lixiviant with lower environmental impact. This review critically analyzes the application of MgSO₄ in the in-situ leaching of REE-bearing ion-adsorption clays, focusing on ion-exchange mechanisms, leaching performance, hydrodynamic behavior, and environmental implications. The thermodynamic and geochemical aspects governing Mg²⁺–REE exchange reactions are examined together with laboratory, column, and pilot-scale studies. Comparative analyses with conventional ammonium-based lixiviants are discussed in terms of extraction efficiency, selectivity, reagent consumption, and environmental footprint. The review also identifies key research gaps related to process optimization, hydrogeological modeling, and large-scale implementation. Overall, MgSO₄-based leaching systems represent a promising pathway toward more sustainable rare-earth extraction, although further technological and environmental validation is required before full-scale industrial deployment.

The Influence of Bureaucratic Administration and Human Resource Competence on Organizational Performance with Work Engagement as a Moderating Variable

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This study examines the influence of bureaucratic administration and human resource competence on organizational performance, with work engagement acting as a moderating variable. Organizational performance is an important factor in ensuring operational effectiveness and service quality, particularly in strategic infrastructure sectors such as port operations. This research aims to analyze how administrative systems and employee competencies contribute to improving organizational performance in the Operational Department of Timor Port Tibar, Timor-Leste.

This study employed a quantitative research approach using a survey method. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to employees working in the operational department. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine both direct and moderating relationships among variables.

The results indicate that bureaucratic administration and human resource competence positively influence organizational performance. Furthermore, work engagement strengthens the relationship between bureaucratic administration and organizational performance as well as the relationship between human resource competence and organizational performance. These findings highlight the importance of effective administrative systems, competent human resources, and strong employee engagement in improving organizational performance in port operations.

Traditional Mediterranean Diet as a Holistic Diet: A Review of Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Lifestyle Through Pyramids

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Today, Mediterranean Diet (MD) is a globally recognized dietary pattern and public health model. In this review, traditional Mediterranean Diet (MD) is revisited: multiple aspects and facets of the diet including its history, cultural roots, food categories, lifestyle, religious traditions, physical activity and health benefits are presented through pyramids. Mindful eating of mainly plant-based and whole foods, seasonal and locally-sourced, along with the enjoyment in every step of production, preparation and consumption of the food, are the main characteristics of the traditional MD, which is presented for the first time as a 5F-diet based on 5F-pillars. MD is also described as a holistic diet – it is a diet that nourishes the body, the mind, and the soul through balanced and sustainable approach to food choices. The food choices and lifestyle practices provide holistic health not only for the whole body, but also yield healthy communities – the people are part of the community, have “sense of belonging”, and their interactions are in harmony with the environment, respecting the planetary resources and boundaries. The diet’s health benefits, including reduced risks of non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as cardio-vascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancers, prevention from neuro-cognitive disorders, and increased longevity, are a result not only of the food consumed, but also the presence of commensality and conviviality, and the lifestyle leading to daily stress relief. Overall, MD is a concept that embraces biodiversity, sustainability, quality, palatability, health, cultural aspects and heritage.

Evaluation of Factors Contributing to Low TB Detection Rate in Selected Facilities of Ndola District

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where case detection rates remain below international targets. In Zambia, the TB detection rate remains significantly lower than the 75% target recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), posing a threat to effective TB control. This study evaluated the factors contributing to low TB detection rates in selected health facilities in Ndola District, Copperbelt Province of Zambia. A quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed. Data were collected from 93 respondents comprising health care workers and community members selected from 33 health facilities providing TB services. Structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to gather information on demographic characteristics, knowledge of TB symptoms, availability of diagnostic services, and barriers to TB detection. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to summarise the data. The findings revealed that inadequate laboratory equipment was the most frequently reported factor contributing to low TB detection (55.9%), followed by limited community awareness of TB disease (24.7%). Other factors identified included TB-related stigma (7.5%), shortage of skilled laboratory personnel (6.5%), and long distances to health facilities (5.4%). The study further established that cough was the most widely recognised TB symptom among respondents, while awareness of other symptoms such as fever and night sweats was relatively low. The study concludes that low TB detection in Ndola District is influenced by both health system constraints and community-related factors. Strengthening diagnostic capacity, increasing public awareness of TB symptoms, addressing stigma, and improving access to diagnostic services are critical interventions for improving TB case detection. Enhancing these strategies will contribute to early diagnosis, improved treatment outcomes, and reduced transmission of tuberculosis within the community.

Leader–Member Exchange as A Driver of Job Satisfaction: Examining The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and The Moderating Role of Work Engagement

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This study investigates the influence of Leader–Member Exchange on Job Satisfaction, with Perceived Organizational Support as a mediating variable and Work Engagement as a moderating variable among employees in high-risk industries. The research was conducted among construction and mining workers who had completed occupational safety training at PT Sepakat Safety. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory and the Job Demands–Resources framework, the study seeks to explain the relational and psychological mechanisms underlying employee satisfaction in safety-sensitive environments. A quantitative approach was applied using structured questionnaires distributed to eligible respondents. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling to examine direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that Leader–Member Exchange has a strong positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction. Leader–Member Exchange also significantly enhances Perceived Organizational Support, which subsequently exerts a positive influence on Job Satisfaction. Mediation analysis indicates complementary mediation, demonstrating that leadership quality affects Job Satisfaction both directly and indirectly through organizational support perceptions. Work Engagement shows a significant direct effect on Job Satisfaction; however, its moderating role is not supported. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of relational leadership and organizational support in improving employee satisfaction within high-risk industrial contexts.

Factors Influencing the anxiety disorder on E-Learning Among the Select Barmm State Universities and Colleges: A Basis for Proposed Islamic Oriented Perspective Intervention

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This study examined the factors influencing anxiety disorders experienced by students in e-learning among selected State Universities and Colleges in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). It specifically looked into the students’ demographic profiles such as age, sex, socio-economic status, and group affiliation, as well as how these characteristics relate to their anxiety levels in online learning. The study further explored challenges tied to online attendance, activities and requirements, assessments, gadget possession, and internet access as major contributors to students’ anxiety. Using a cross-sectional survey design with both qualitative and quantitative approaches, data were collected from 387 respondents through questionnaires and key informant interviews, and analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean. Findings revealed that demographic factors, along with technical and academic challenges, significantly contributed to the students’ anxiety disorders. Many students were found to experience severe anxiety in adapting to e-learning, emphasizing the need for interventions that address not only financial and technical difficulties but also emotional and spiritual support. The study recommended the formulation of Islamic perspective policy interventions to complement existing psychological treatments. Suggested strategies include institutional support programs such as regular check-ins (“kumustahan”), increased parental and teacher monitoring, and spiritual approaches to help strengthen students’ mental and moral well-being. Ultimately, the research highlights the importance of a holistic approach—academic, emotional, and spiritual—in addressing anxiety disorders in the context of e-learning within BARMM universities.

The Effectiveness of Multimedia-Based Health Education on Drug Knowledge in Adolescents at SMA Bina Negara Arjasari, West Java, Indonesia

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Background: The prevalence of drug abuse in Indonesia reaches approximately 2.40% of the population aged 15–64, or approximately 4.5 million people. Of this number, approximately 2.3 million are school and college students. This high figure is due to the limited access and exposure to information about the dangers of drugs among adolescents. Due to the limited information available to students, education is needed to increase adolescent knowledge about drugs. Providing health education is an important effort in preventing drug abuse from an early age.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of providing health education on the level of knowledge of adolescents about drugs at MA Bina Negara Arjasari, West Java, Indonesia

Method: Quantitative research with Quasy Experimental Design One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample technique used total sampling technique with 89 students in grades X and XI. The instruments used in this study were video, power point and knowledge questionnaire with 20 questions. Data analysis used univariate analysis, namely frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Result: The results of the study showed that the pre-test scores of most respondents had a low level of knowledge (66.3%) and the post-test scores of almost all respondents had a good level of knowledge (93.9%). The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test obtained a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, which means that there is an effect of health education on preventing drug abuse on the level of knowledge of adolescents at MA Bina Negara Arjasari, West Java, Indonesia.

Conclusion: The results of this study support the importance of health education programs in schools as a primary strategy in preventing drug abuse among adolescents. Schools are advised to regularly hold interactive and engaging educational programs to equip adolescents with sufficient knowledge to recognize the dangers of drugs and adopt effective preventive measures.