Principal’s Academic Supervision, School Culture, and Work Motivation to Improve Teacher Teaching Quality

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This study aims to analyze the influence of the principal’s academic supervision, school culture, and work motivation on optimizing the quality of teachers’ teaching. A sample of 87 people was taken using stratified random sampling. The data analysis technique was descriptive and used multiple linear regression with the SPSS application program. Efforts to improve the quality of teachers’ teaching can be done by improving the principal’s academic supervision, school culture, and work motivation. Teacher work motivation should be prioritized to improve the quality of teaching of public elementary school teachers in Juhar sub-district, Karo Regency.

Validation of Amharic Version of Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit among Patients Admitted to ICU at Two Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Background: Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) is a widely accepted, easily available, and quick tool for assessment of delirium in ICU. Globally, multiple studies have been conducted to cross culturally translate and validate the tool to make it fit the local setting. However, to the best of our knowledge, it has not been cross-culturally translated and validated into Amharic. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this gap.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the Validity of the Amharic Version of Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) among patients admitted to adult ICU in two centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods and materials: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at the intensive care unit of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Menelik-II Hospital. A total of 132 eligible patients were included in this study. Data were collected by nurses and resident physicians using Google form from 1-December-2023 to 30-April-2024. Data analysis was performed using to SPSS V.27. Descriptive analyses were performed using frequency and percentage for categorical variables and mean with standard deviation for continuous variables. Reliability, inter-rater reliability (k), and acceptability of the tool were assessed.

Results: The Amharic version was translated by group of experts, including anesthesiologists, psychiatrists, language experts, and the primary investigator, ensuring content and face validity. A total of 132 patients participated in this study, with a response rate of 95.65%.  The Amharic version of CAM-ICU had high acceptance (100%), good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=0.718), and substantial inter-rater agreement (k=0.762). 11 (8.3%) and 7(5.3%) of 132 patients were diagnosed with delirium by doctors and nurses, respectively, using CAM-ICU Amharic. Moreover, 7 of 132 patients (5.3%) were diagnosed with delirium concurrently by both physicians and nurses.

Conclusion: The Amharic version of CAM-ICU is an acceptable, valid, and reliable tool for delirium assessment in ICU. Utilization of CAM-ICU Amharic in clinical practice after provision of proper training would enable better detection of delirium in ICU.

Identification of Listeria spp. with Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater from Hospitals in Libreville, Gabon

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This study focuses on the use of Gram staining in the identification of Listeria monocytogenes in hospital wastewater in Libreville. The study aims to highlight the presence of this bacterium, which can cause illness and mortality in these wastewater systems. The study was conducted on 27 samples, of which 14 were identified as green colonies and 13 as white colonies after culture and isolation. Gram staining revealed that these were Gram-positive bacteria, with respective prevalence rates of 51.85% and 48.15%. Phenotypic identification of these colonies confirmed that they were Listeria monocytogenes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that these bacteria exhibited an overall resistance rate of 36.4% (59/162) and an overall sensitivity rate of 63.6% (103/162) to the tested antibiotics. Resistance to amoxicillin was the highest at 63.6% (103/162), followed by cefotaxime (37%, 10/27), gentamicin (29.6%, 8/27), kanamycin (25.9%, 7/27), ofloxacin (14.8%, 4/27), and tetracycline (11.11%, 3/27). These results demonstrate that this bacterium, widespread in our environment, requires particular attention due to the risk of epidemics associated with multidrug-resistant Listeria monocytogenes. Hospital wastewater could be a source of human listeriosis resistant to antibiotics. This poses a significant risk to human health, as hospital wastewater can infiltrate the soil and contaminate groundwater. Additionally, it may pollute nearby effluents, thereby exposing human and animal populations that use these waters to potential contamination.

Betawi Culture as an Instrument for Language Preservation: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Betawi Culture and Language

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This study aims to analyze the role of Betawi culture in preserving the Betawi language using a sociolinguistic approach, focusing on the Setu Babakan Betawi Cultural Village area in South Jakarta. As an officially designated center for Betawi cultural preservation by the government, Setu Babakan serves as an important space for various cultural activities that actively use the Betawi language. Using a qualitative-descriptive method, data were collected through participant observation and interviews with cultural figures, area managers, as well as artists and visitors. The results show that Betawi culture, such as lenong performances, gambang kromong art, traditional wedding reenactments, and traditional culinary arts, plays an active role in maintaining the existence of the Betawi language. The use of Betawi language in various cultural activities in Setu Babakan not only strengthens ethnic identity but also serves as a means of intergenerational language transmission. However, challenges remain, particularly in attracting the interest of the younger generation and maintaining the continuity of cultural practices consistently. This study recommends increasing institutional support and utilizing digital media as complementary strategies in efforts to preserve the Betawi language through culture.

Tourism Development Amid Mining Dominance: A Political Ecology and Development Theory Analysis of Conservation and Resource Exploitation in Indonesia

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This study aims to examine the conflict between tourism and mining in Raja Ampat and Lake Matano, Indonesia, and propose an inclusive governance model for sustainable tourism development. Employing political ecology and development theory, this qualitative case study investigates power dynamics, state-capital relations, and competing development paradigms shaping resource governance. Findings indicate that mining concessions, driven by modernization policies and corporate lobbying, marginalize local communities and threaten ecological integrity, undermining tourism potential. Narratives of “sustainable mining” legitimize extractive activities, while tourism is hindered by weak institutional support and limited community-based strategies. Using dependency theory, we demonstrate that extractive industry benefits disproportionately favor external actors, exacerbating inequalities and sparking local resistance. Despite government efforts to promote tourism as a sustainable alternative, policy inconsistencies and overlapping land-use claims persist due to fragmented governance. This research contributes to sustainable development debates by highlighting how power structures shape environmental outcomes in ecologically sensitive areas. It advocates for governance models integrating conservation, tourism, and equitable benefit-sharing, emphasizing local agency.

The Psychological Effects of Depression in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway

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This research explores the psychological dimensions and personality development of the main characters in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway using a literary psychological approach grounded in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The study focuses on Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith, examining how their inner experiences reflect the dynamics of the id, ego, and superego. Clarissa’s outwardly composed and socially acceptable persona conceals deeper emotional conflicts and existential concerns, while Septimus embodies the psychological trauma of war, expressed through hallucinations and emotional breakdown. The analysis reveals how societal expectations, personal experiences, and mental health challenges shape each character’s identity and behavior. Through this lens, Mrs. Dalloway is shown to be a rich narrative of emotional struggle and psychological depth, offering insight into the complex interplay between individual psyche and social reality.

From The Sea to Sustainability: Transforming Seaweed into High-Value Products for the Economic Resilience of Farmers Groups in East Nusa Tenggara

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Transforming seaweed from a basic commodity into a high-value product has paved a significant path for economic resilience among farmer groups in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This study aims to (1) examine the potential of seaweed as a primary material in the production anti-corrosive coatings, (2) analyze the economic impact of seaweed product diversification on the income and economic resilience of seaweed farming groups in East Nusa Tenggara, and (3) develop a model for coastal community empowerment based on sustainable product innovation. Employing qualitative methods, including observation, in-depth interviews, documentation and focus group discussions, we investigated the impact of CSR-led training in improving the technical skills, economic opportunities, and environmental awareness of seaweed farming communities. This indicates that product diversification not only increases farmers’ incomes but also creates an economic ecosystem that protects them from the volatility of the raw seaweed market. Furthermore, this empowerment encourages sustainable practices that support the preservation of coastal ecosystems. The study highlights the importance of CSR in promoting social innovation, providing insights for policymakers to drive similar initiatives that strengthen economic resilience and Environmental Management in coastal regions.

The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Employee Engagement on Employe Performance Mediated by Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) on ASN Employees at the Gunungkidul Regional Secretariat Office

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The Regional Secretariat is a key element in fostering a more professional and change-adaptive bureaucracy. According to the 2024 Performance Report of the Gunungkidul Regency Regional Secretariat, several strategic indicators have not yet been fully achieved. This reflects a performance gap between expectations and actual ASN performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of transformational leadership and employee engagement on employee performance mediated by organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in ASN employees at the Gunungkidul Regional Secretariat Office. This study used a sample of 112 civil servants at the Gunungkidul Regional Secretariat office. The research method employed descriptive analysis to observe the characteristics of respondents and the research variables. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The study found that transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) did not significantly influence employee performance, while employee engagement significantly influenced employee performance. Furthermore, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and employee engagement on employee performance.

Prevalence and Pattern of Thyrocardiac Disease among Patients with Hyperthyroidism in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Background: Thyrocardiac disease encompasses the spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities that arise as complications of hyperthyroidism. Despite being clinically significant and potentially life-threatening, its burden in Ethiopia remains poorly defined.

Objective: To determine the pooled prevalence and pattern of thyrocardiac disease among hyperthyroid patients in Ethiopia.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive searches were carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, AJOL, Hinari, Europe PMC, Cochrane library, and institutional repositories. Observational studies reporting cardiac outcomes in adults with hyperthyroidism in Ethiopia were included. Analysis was done using STATA version 17. Prevalence data were pooled using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q and I² statistic.

Results: Seven studies with a total of 1,160 participants were included in the review. Sinus tachycardia (39.32%; 95% CI: 23.34%–55.31%), Heart failure (21.65%; 95% CI: 13.84–29.46%), and Pulmonary hypertension (19.43%; 95% CI: 6.78–32.09%) were the commonest presentations, while Dilated cardiomyopathy (12.35%; 95% CI: 6.16–18.53%) and Atrial fibrillation (16.27%; 95% CI: 12.17–20.38%) were the least common. Toxic multinodular goiter was the most common cause of hyperthyroidism among these patients accounting for 64.8% (95% CI: 53.2–75.3%).

Conclusion: Thyrocardiac disease is a frequent complication among hyperthyroid patients in Ethiopia, with sinus tachycardia and heart failure being the most common presentations. These findings highlight the importance of integrating routine cardiac evaluation into the clinical management of hyperthyroidism.

Impact of Pit Latrines on Enteric-Pathogen Contamination of Groundwater in Tigania West Sub-County, Kenya

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Access to safe water and sanitation remains a challenge in many developing regions, where pit latrines are the dominant sanitation option. Their proximity to groundwater raises concerns about fecal contamination and related health risks. This study examined the effect of pit latrines on enteric-pathogen and physicochemical contamination of groundwater in Tigania West Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya. A cross-sectional design was applied, with water samples collected from 96 households across five wards. Groundwater samples were obtained from boreholes and wells located within 30 meters and beyond the recommended setback distances from pit latrines. Microbiological analyses targeted total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus, while physicochemical parameters including pH, turbidity, colour, odour, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were measured. The results revealed high levels of microbial contamination across wards. Total coliforms were most prevalent in Athwana (1.08/100 ml) and Mbeu (0.80/100 ml), while E. coli contamination was highest in Athwana (0.23/100 ml). Salmonella was widespread, with Nkomo (0.82/100 ml) and Athwana (0.92/100 ml) showing the greatest occurrence. Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 3.8/100 ml in Kianjai to 7.23/100 ml in Athwana, exceeding WHO permissible limits. Overall, wards with pit latrines situated within 30 meters of water sources such as Mbeu (86.7%) and Nkomo (76.5%) recorded significantly higher contamination. These findings underscore the role of pit latrines in groundwater pollution in Tigania West and highlight the urgent need for improved siting, design, and management of sanitation facilities to safeguard public health.