Factors Affecting Inpatient Satisfaction in Hospitals: A Literature Review

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Patient satisfaction is one of the indicators that must be considered in healthcare services. The level of patient satisfaction can reflect the quality of service, which impacts healthcare services in increasing the number of patient visits. This study aims to review articles or journals resulting from research on factors influencing inpatient satisfaction in hospitals. The method used in this study is a literature review sourced from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases for the period 2020-2025. The selection of literature was carried out based on inclusion and exclusion criteria determined by the researchers. This review stage includes identifying research problems, searching for literature, presenting data, and evaluating data. Based on the collected journals, it was found that the patient characteristics influencing patient satisfaction are age, education, occupation, education, gender, and distance of residence. The dimensions of service quality according to the SERVQUAL theory, namely tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, significantly influence patient satisfaction. Factors influencing patient satisfaction in service provision include the performance of doctors and nurses, hospital facilities and environment, and service costs. One of the efforts to evaluate and improve the quality of hospital services, especially for inpatients, is by considering the combination of patient characteristics, institutional structure, and the quality of service dimensions through the SERVQUAL method. Therefore, service improvement strategies must be designed holistically and based on the real needs of patients.

Evaluating Validity of Expected Shortfall Estimation Method in Measuring Market Risk for Bank’s Trading Book Position

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Expected Shortfall (ES) has become a pivotal risk measure in financial regulation, particularly under the Basel III Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB), which replaces Value-at-Risk (VaR) due to ES’s ability to capture tail risk better. This study investigates the performance of two ES estimation methods—GARCH-t and Historical Simulation (HS)—in the context of foreign exchange (FX) against the IDR currency. Unlike VaR, ES incorporates the magnitude of extreme losses and is thus more sensitive to volatility dynamics. However, each estimation method presents trade-offs between responsiveness, robustness, and capital allocation. Using exchange rate data from 2007 to 2024, the ES values were computed under each method and validated through Acerbi–Szekely Z-tests on both tails. The backtesting results reveal that GARCH-t performs best during stress periods but demonstrates instability in calm markets. In contrast, Basic HS demonstrates more consistent backtest in the overall performance score across years. These findings offer practical insights into ES model implementation, emphasizing the importance of model selection, dual-tail backtesting, and supervisory alignment with FRTB.

Has Buy Now Pay Later become a symbol of hedonistic lifestyle among young people?

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The advancement of technology and the internet has driven significant transformations in the global business landscape and consumer lifestyles. One notable innovation in financial technology (Fintech) is Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL), a digital financial service that enables consumers to make purchases without immediate payment, thereby creating a more appealing and instant shopping experience. This service has gained substantial popularity among younger generations, particularly Generation Z, who account for 56.7% of Pay Later users. This study aims to analyze the influence of BNPL on hedonistic lifestyle, facility utilization, and impulsive buying behavior using a quantitative approach involving questionnaire distribution and analysis through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal a positive relationship between BNPL usage and both facility utilization and hedonistic lifestyle, which ultimately contributes to increased impulsive buying behavior among young consumers in Indonesia.

Optimizing Employee Performance at Karanganyar Regional Bank: A Study on the Influence of Personal Competence, Work Commitment, Emotional Intelligence, and Supervision Systems

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Study to investigate impact personal competence, work commitment, emotional intelligence, and supervision on employee performance. A quantitative survey with 93 sample. Primary data was gathered through questionnaires, which were the main data collection instrument, supported by observational methods. The data quality test confirmed that the data was both valid and reliable. Classical assumption testing indicated that the regression model met the assumptions of normality, and showed no signs of multicollinearity or heteroscedasticity. The findings reveal that each of the independent variables—personal competence, work commitment, emotional intelligence, and supervision—individually exerts a significant positive influence to performance employee at Regional Bank Karanganyar. Collectively, these variables also demonstrate a significant and positive effect. The model explains approximately 50.9% of the variance in employee performance, suggesting that these factors play a considerable role in enhancing work outcomes.

The Influence of Staff Participation, SOP Compliance, System Integration, and Management Commitment on the Data Quality of Telecommunication Tower Assets at XYZ Ltd

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This study aims to examine the influence of staff participation, compliance with standard operating procedures (SOPs), system integration, and management commitment on the quality of telecommunication tower asset data at XYZ Ltd. XYZ Ltd, a company engaged in the provision of telecommunications infrastructure, faces challenges in maintaining the quality of its tower asset data, particularly with respect to data validity and completeness. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 231 respondents selected through purposive sampling from a total population of 537 employees. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicate that staff participation, system integration, and management commitment have a positive and significant effect on the quality of telecommunication tower asset data at XYZ Ltd. In contrast, SOP compliance does not exhibit a statistically significant effect. Among the variables examined, management commitment exerts the most substantial influence on data quality. Future studies may consider incorporating additional variables such as organizational culture, human resource competence, or information system quality to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting data quality.

Effect of Feeding Corn Stover Silage with FML Additive on Feed Digestibility in Female Sheep

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This study aimed to assess how female fat-tailed sheep respond to diets containing fresh corn stover and corn stover silage enhanced with Fermented Mother Liquor (FML) additives. The experiment involved 15 sheep with an average weight of 18.5 ± 1.55 kg, using a randomized group design (RAK) comprising three dietary treatments and five groups classified by body weight. The dietary treatments were: 100% fresh corn stover, a 50:50 mix of fresh corn stover and corn stover silage, and 100% corn stover silage. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, and significant results were further examined with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The findings indicated that none of the treatments had a significant impact on the digestibility of Dry Matter (DMD), Organic Matter (OMD), or Crude Protein (CPD). It was concluded that the diet containing an equal mix of fresh and silage corn stover yielded the most favorable outcomes, although overall digestibility did not differ significantly across treatments. Consequently, corn stover silage with FML additives may serve as a practical alternative to fresh corn stover.

The Role of Academic Forms in Literary Studies

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This paper explores the evolving role of key Forms in literary research, namely articles, monographs, thesis, and dissertations, which have become essential platforms for the dissemination of knowledge, and the development of literary studies. Articles, published in peer-reviewed journals, facilitate concise, focused research and foster dynamic scholarly dialogue, often introducing new methodologies and perspectives. Monographs provide in-depth, authoritative analyses that contribute significantly to literary scholarship, becoming seminal works that shape future research. Thesis and dissertations, as the culmination of graduate and doctoral research, offer original contributions to the field, often pioneering new ideas and theories. The paper examines how these forms continue to influence the trajectory of literary research, emphasizing their critical role in fostering intellectual growth, supporting academic exchange, and adapting to new technological and global trends in literature. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of digital platforms and open-access forms in broadening access to literary research, promoting global collaboration, and enhancing the relevance of the field in the 21st century. Through this analysis, the paper underscores the enduring importance of these forms in shaping the future of literary studies.

Recycling Post- Consumer Waste from Low Density Polyethylene Via Low Temperature Catalytic Pyrolysis

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Pyrolysis with or without the aid of catalyst have attracted much attention for the conversion of waste plastics to their monomers or partially de-polymerized oligomers. The resulting monomers can be recycled to the original or related polymeric product as well as gasoline range products.  In this work, the pyrolysis of contaminated Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) was done both thermally and catalytically. The gases from each sample were collected in Tedlar bags and analysis was done using a Buck 530 Gas chromatograph. Results from the thermal pyrolysis  showed aliphatic hydrocarbons within the range of C1 – C9 with a total concentration of 36.0906 ppm and 64.5041 ppm for gases collected at 200 ºC and 350 ºC  respectively. The pyrolysis was also repeated under the influence of zeolite catalyst using catalyst/sample ratios of 1:8 and 1:16 at 150 ºC and 250 ºC. Results revealed total yield of gases for LDPE under the zeolitic effect of temperatures of 150 ºC and 250 ºC using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:8 to be 721.0371 ppm and 835.0906 ppm. The corresponding values obtained at 150 ºC and 250 ºC using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:16 were 697.4464 ppm and 713.7277 ppm respectively. The hydrocarbon gases revealed mainly C1– C10 aliphatic hydrocarbons. These when fractionated can result into combustible gases and gasoline range product.

Forest Tree AI-SDN Firewall: A Hierarchical Architecture for Adaptive Network Security

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The rapidly evolving of digital environment prompts advanced network security solutions with essential defend against complex cyber threats. However, network security receives a promising boost from the combination of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) because which enables real-time control and intelligent decision-making. Real-time management of network resources through SDN allows flexible control while AI boosts the detection of anomalies in large datasets. In this paper we proposed a Forest Tree AI-SDN Firewall with an innovative hierarchical framework that combines these two powerful technologies to provide adaptive network security solutions with scalable and resilient capabilities. The framework draws its design principles from SDN infrastructure based on three separate layers, Root Layer, Trunk Layer and Canopy Layer. Real-time traffic filtering at the Root Layer uses lightweight edge sensors to achieve 98.2% accuracy while its FPGA-accelerated TLS 1.3 inspection system handles 40 Gbps of data. The Trunk Layer uses reinforcement learning algorithms with a federated SDN control plane to achieve dynamic policy optimization through 12ms response times. The Canopy Layer uses deep learning ensemble technology that combines CNN, LSTM and GNN architectures to detect zero-day threats effectively with 99.4% recall and 92% coverage of encrypted traffic analysis. The system achieves 99.2% threat detection precision during benchmark tests while generating 0.8% incorrect alerts and allowing policy updates at speeds 5.2 times faster than conventional security systems. The proposed system evaluating encrypted information and strengthening adversarial resistance together with cross-domain coordination and achieving 38 Gbps/W energy efficiency.

The Effect of Work Environment and Organisational Culture on Public Service Performance at the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of Gorontalo Province

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This study aims to analyse the effect of work environment and organisational culture on public service performance at the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of Gorontalo Province. Public service performance problems faced include low productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. The research sample was all civil servants in the Regional Office of BPN Gorontalo Province totalling 44 people. Data were collected through questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability, and analysed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the work environment and organisational culture partially and simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on public service performance. A conducive work environment and an organisational culture that supports innovation and collaboration are proven to improve the efficiency and quality of public services. These findings provide important implications for strengthening human resource management in improving the quality of public services.