Articles

Diabetes Mellitus: A Leading Cause of Death Worldwide

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Diabetes mellitus, or commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which results in insulin resistance, impaired insulin synthesis, or sometimes both. Diabetes affects roughly 400 million people worldwide and the majority being those who are from middle to low income countries. With 1.5 million diabetes related deaths worldwide each year, this literature review aims to give information about the 2 types of diabetes and also highlighting the appropriate preventative measures. Type 1 diabetes refers to the lack of insulin production and type 2 diabetes refers to lower production of insulin and increased insulin resistance; both will result in hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Furthermore, this literature review also aims to explore and describe the pathogenesis and treatments of the 2 types of diabetes.

Activities of Pancreatic Enzymes and Anthropometric Indices in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, South Eastern, Nigeria

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, having high blood glucose, reduced insulin secretion and / or inadequate glucagon secretion. The study is to assess the activities of pancreatic enzymes and anthropometric indices. 81 participants comprised 38 diabetic and 43 control were randomly recruited. Informed, oral and written consent was obtained from the participants. Ethical approval was obtained.6mls of fasting blood samples were collected. Plasma glucose; amylase and lipase activities were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. Body mass index (BMI) of participant was determined from height and weight. The results showed significantly increased plasma glucose level in the diabetic participants than in control at p=0.000 and in male diabetics than in female diabetics at p=0.048 in each case. But the activities of lipase, amylase, the mean age and BMI level were the same in both diabetic and control groups at p>0.05 respectively. BMI level, lipase and amylase activities were the same in both genders (p>0.05). Stronger positive correlation exist between Weight Vs BMI (r=0.834; p=0.000), followed by Lipase Vs Amylase (r=0.767; p=0.000), least between Age Vs BMI (r=0.353; p=0.022) but weaker negative associations exist between Height Vs BMI (r=-0.490; p=0.001) and Weight Vs FBS (r=-0.325; p=0.036) in the diabetic subjects. The significant higher level of blood glucose; stronger positive correlation between Lipase and Amylase; Weight and BMI may likely revealed pancreatic exocrine function abnormality in diabetes mellitus type 2.