Articles

The Relationship between Intensity of Gadget Use with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Students in Metro, Lampung, Indonesia

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The number of gadget users (smartphones) globally is increasing yearly. Gadgets are also used as learning media and entertainment for students, so the possibility of negative impacts from using gadgets cannot be avoided. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the intensity of gadget use and depression, anxiety, and stress in students. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 461 students recruited using a multistage random sampling technique, from six public high schools (SMAN) in Metro, Lampung, Indonesia, from February to May 2023. The instruments used were the gadget usage intensity questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)—analysis with a Chi-Square correlation test. The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between the intensity of gadget use and depression (ρ-value < 0.001), anxiety (ρ-value < 0.001), and stress (ρ-value < 0.001). This study concludes that the intensity of using gadgets is related to depression, anxiety and stress in high school students in Metro City, Lampung, Indonesia. It is recommended that schools carry out outreach and education to students to be wiser in using gadgets and to follow up on respondents who experience health problems with depression, anxiety, and stress by coordinating with parents so that they can receive further treatment at health care facilities.

Social Cognitive Skills and Delinquent Behavior Modification among Students in Secondary Schools in Kenya

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The study investigated the relationship between social cognitive skills and delinquent behavior modification among students in secondary schools in Kenya. The Correlational Research design within the Positivist paradigm was adopted.  The accessible population comprised of 3,740 students who had undergone counselling in 26 secondary schools in Rongo sub-county of Kenya. A sample size of 374 counselled students was obtained using both stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The Brief Self-Control Scale, Behavioral Inhibition Scale, Vicarious Experience Scale, Challenging Behaviour Attributions Scale and Behavior Modification Scale were used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to investigate the internal consistency of the questionnaires all the sub-scales had internal consistency of 0.701 and 0.759. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze data. The model was statistically significant [F (4, 339) =16.928, Adjusted R2=.157, sig. <.05], implying it was adequate enough to predict the dependent variable. However, this finding indicates that only 15.7% of the variability in behaviour modification among the secondary school students is explained by social cognitive skills. The school counsellors should use person centered counselling techniques to enhance social cognitive skills among students.

The Analysis of Psychological Assessment and Escalating Moral Decay to the Tanzania Students

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This study mainly focused on understanding the importance of psychological assessment as well to analyse and point out the moral decay to the students. Currently, in our country we hear from the radio, televisions, newspaper and media concerning the morals issues regarding students, such as bad behaviour, improper use of technology, family issues, and quarrelling. Few months ago, our president of the united republic of Tanzania Dr. Samia Suluhu Hassan made remarks to the religious leaders to speak out the issue of morality in their teaching. The president said that the country is undergoing a massive moral decay and parents, leaders and guardians should join together in order to identify the root causes and where the society went wrong. She insisted that the society can be successful only if that they instruct, teach and direct children to understand the moral value. In order to make that happen, that the government should provide all necessary support needed for the change to take place. Therefore, we need a psychological assessment to help our students, teachers, school administrators as well as parents identify their moral positions.

Moral Characters Represented in the Students’ Turn-Taking of Conversation

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In every good interaction, there is always a change of roles between the speaker and the listener. Research on turn-taking in student conversations is interesting to do because of the diversity of regional origins and languages used by the students. This results in the emergence of distinctive patterns in the conversations among students. Through the turn-taking patterns, the characters of the speech participants can be known. This study uses a qualitative approach with data in the form of speech utterances delivered by students, which provide information of their character representation. The data collection technique used is the note-taking technique. The results obtained are the characters of social care, sharing, honesty, helping, cooperative, ethical, and working together.