Articles

The Effect of the Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by Flipbook Media on Learning Outcomes and Critical Thinking Skills of Grade VI Students in Pancasila Education at Public Elementary Schools

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The learning of Pancasila Education at Kunir Lor 01 Public Elementary School still faces several challenges. Student learning outcomes have not yet reached optimal levels, and their critical thinking skills remain relatively low. The learning process is still dominated by teacher-centered approaches, with heavy reliance on textbooks as the sole teaching resource, while the use of innovative learning models and media remains limited. Addressing these issues requires the implementation of learning strategies that can actively engage students and foster higher-order thinking. This research aims to examine the influence of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model supported by Flipbook media in improving student learning outcomes and critical thinking skills. The study employed a true experimental design with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design involving grade VI students at Kunir Lor 01 Public Elementary School. The research instrument consisted of tests administered both before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using the independent samples t-test with the assistance of SPSS 27 for Windows. The results demonstrated that students in the experimental group, who were taught using the PBL model integrated with Flipbook media, achieved higher average scores in both learning outcomes and critical thinking compared to the control group. Hypothesis testing further confirmed these findings, showing significance values of 0.000 for learning outcomes and 0.006 for critical thinking skills, both below the threshold of 0.05. These results indicate significant differences between the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, the integration of the PBL model with Flipbook media has a positive and significant effect on enhancing both the learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of elementary school students. This suggests that innovative and student-centered learning approaches are essential to improve the quality of Pancasila Education.

The Effect of the PBL Model with SALACCA Media (Snakes and Ladders with QR Code Cards) on Learning Outcomes and Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students

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The problems that occur at Kunir Lor 01 State Elementary School in Pancasila Education learning are that students’ learning outcomes are not optimal, students’ critical thinking skills tend to be weak, teachers are the center of learning, teaching materials only use textbooks, and the use of learning models and media that are less innovative. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of the PBL model with SALACCA (Snakes and Ladders with QR Code Cards) media to improve learning outcomes and critical thinking skills in elementary school students. This type of research is an experimental study (True Experimental) using a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The data analysis method used t-test or independent samples test with SPSS 27 software for windows. The results of the data analysis of the learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of the experimental class students showed higher than the average value of the control class. This is reinforced by the calculation of the hypothesis test which states that the students’ learning outcomes obtained a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.002 and the critical thinking skills obtained a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.001 so that both are less than 0.05, it is proven that there is a difference between the average learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of the experimental class students and the control class. Thus, it can be concluded that the PBL model with SALACCA media has a significant effect on the learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of students in Elementary School.