Articles

Prevalence and Pattern of Thyrocardiac Disease among Patients with Hyperthyroidism in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Background: Thyrocardiac disease encompasses the spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities that arise as complications of hyperthyroidism. Despite being clinically significant and potentially life-threatening, its burden in Ethiopia remains poorly defined.

Objective: To determine the pooled prevalence and pattern of thyrocardiac disease among hyperthyroid patients in Ethiopia.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive searches were carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, AJOL, Hinari, Europe PMC, Cochrane library, and institutional repositories. Observational studies reporting cardiac outcomes in adults with hyperthyroidism in Ethiopia were included. Analysis was done using STATA version 17. Prevalence data were pooled using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q and I² statistic.

Results: Seven studies with a total of 1,160 participants were included in the review. Sinus tachycardia (39.32%; 95% CI: 23.34%–55.31%), Heart failure (21.65%; 95% CI: 13.84–29.46%), and Pulmonary hypertension (19.43%; 95% CI: 6.78–32.09%) were the commonest presentations, while Dilated cardiomyopathy (12.35%; 95% CI: 6.16–18.53%) and Atrial fibrillation (16.27%; 95% CI: 12.17–20.38%) were the least common. Toxic multinodular goiter was the most common cause of hyperthyroidism among these patients accounting for 64.8% (95% CI: 53.2–75.3%).

Conclusion: Thyrocardiac disease is a frequent complication among hyperthyroid patients in Ethiopia, with sinus tachycardia and heart failure being the most common presentations. These findings highlight the importance of integrating routine cardiac evaluation into the clinical management of hyperthyroidism.

Meta Analysis Study: Nutritional Factors in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with Obesity

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Improvement prevalence obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) become challenge significant global health, especially affected by changes style life like pattern Eat No health and lack of activity Physical. This study aims to analyze the influence of nutritional factors on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with obesity through a meta-analysis approach. The method used was a systematic review of articles published in 2019–2024 obtained from the PubMed, DOAJ, PLoS One, and Google Scholar databases, with a focus on dietary factors and physical activity.

The analysis of 21 observational articles with cohort and case-control study designs eligible for meta-analysis showed that unhealthy diets and low physical activity significantly contribute to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. This meta-analysis emphasizes the importance of nutritional factors as modifiable determinants in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in obesity. These findings provide a strong scientific basis for the development of nutrition- and lifestyle-based public health policies and interventions.

Meta-Analysis the Effectiveness of Implementing the Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) Model in Improving Students’ Critical Thinking

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In preparing the order of life in the era of revolution 4.0, it is necessary to prepare competencies in achieving national education goals. The competency needed in the 21st century is the ability to think at a high level. These skills are critical thinking, creative, collaborative and communicative. This meta-analysis study aims to analyze the effect of using the Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) model towards increasing students’ critical thinking skills in learning. The method used in this research is a meta-analysis method by reviewing 9 journal articles and integrating 1 international journal article and 8 national journal articles. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the average Effect Size (ES) which is then categorized based on interpretation of Cohen’s criteria. Based on the study results, the average ES model in the effect of applying the ADI model on students’ critical thinking skills is 0.36 in the medium category. So, it can be concluded that the ADI model can have a positive effect on students’ critical thinking skills.