Articles

Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts Against Stored-Product Pest Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Confusum (Jacquelin Du Val) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Adults

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The efficacy of five plant extracts, Lantana camara, Ruta chalepensis, Rhazya stricta, Heliotropium bacciferum and Marrubium vulgare against Tribolium confusum ware investigated by admixing plant extract with wheat grains. Mortality (%) increased with increasing concentrations, exposure periods and varying from plant to plant. L.camara and R. chalepensis induced the highest percent of mortalities (95.4 and 93.8%) at 500 ppm after 6 days of exposure respectively, for T. confusum, followed by Rh. Stricta, M. vulgare and H. baccifirum. (91.4, 84.5 and 83,3%) respectively. The lowest LC50s were for L. camara and R. chalepensis (114.61 and 117.78 ppm), after 6 days from exposure respectively, followed by Rh. Stricta, M. vulgare and H. bacciferum (175.48, 251.99 and 309.67 ppm respectively. The rate of repellency increased with increase of dose level.  L. camara had the lead in repellent action where repellent percentage was 100 % at 500 ppm followed by R. chalepensiswith, 91%. The repellency rates of other plant extracts were between 50.22 -66.54 at the same concentration which had a moderate repellent action. Statistical analysis showed that all plant extracts revealed significant deference except between H. bacciferum and M. vulgare. Among all the plant extracts L.camara and R. chalepensi were generally more toxic than other plant extracts against T. confusum.

A Review on Novel Drug Delivery System Nanoemulsion

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various researcher are innovate a replacement therapy regarding improvement of drug action. Improve drugs absorption, distribution also we improve its efficacy. Amongst that a replacement innovative technology are develops. A nanoemulsion is technique to enhance the solubility, bioavability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodinemics of medicine .in this review article us familiar about the novel technique nanoemulsion and its preparation methods, charactorization of nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion has been identified as a promising delivery system for various drugs including biopharmaceuticals. Nanoemulsion may be a heterogeneous system composed of one immiscible liquid dispersed as droplets within another liquid. The droplets size of nano emulsion is between 20 to 500 nm. Diameter and surface properties of droplets of nanoemulsion plays a crucial role in the biological behavior of the formulation. Small droplet sizes cause transparent emulsions so that product appearance is not altered by the addition of an oil phase during this paper various aspects of nanoemulsion have been discussed including advantages, disadvantages and methods of preparation. Furthermore new approaches of stability of formulation, effect of types and concentration of surfactant, process variables and method also are discussed to improve the stability of nanoemulsion formulation.