Impact of Freight Transport Packaging on Energy Consumption and Climate Change
The research “Impact of Freight Transport Packaging on Energy Consumption and Climate Change” examines energy efficiency in freight transportation (TCC) through the Green Vehicle Routing Problem (G-VRP) and eco-friendly packaging. Using a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data (distances, energy consumption, CO2 emissions) and qualitative information (operator and the community perceptions), it includes a literature review and a pilot study in 10 cities in Hidalgo, Mexico. Results show that optimized routes with electric vehicles reduce the total distance of traveling, energy consumption, and emissions by 23.87%, and up to 97.86% compared to diesel fleets. Gaps in charging infrastructure and green technology adoption are identified. Integrating ecolabels and heuristic algorithms, like a modified Clarke-Wright, offers sustainable and promising solutions, though it requires a deep restructuring of the production processes. The study suggests public policies and business strategies to promote green logistics, advocating for tailored algorithms and mixed-methods to enhance sustainability in TCC.