Articles

Effect of Nutrition on Children Academic Performance in Pre-Schools in Sironko District

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The study assessed the effect of nutrition on children academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko Town Council, Sironko District. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to determine the effect of diet on children academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko District, establish the effect of frequency of feeding on children academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko District and to determine the effect of parental knowledge on nutrition on children academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko District. The study was carried out using a cross-sectional survey design where both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. Simple random sampling was used to select 60 respondents from Sironko Town Council, Sironko District and convenient sampling was used to select 10 pre-schools that had school feeding programs. The study found out that 65.2% of the respondents acknowledged that the schools provided meals that were balanced and 34.8% of the respondents acknowledged that schools provided meals that were not balanced. 80% of the respondents also believed that nutrition has a significant effect on children academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko District. Results also indicated that nutrition-related factors have a profound and statistically significant effect on preschool children’s academic performance. For the first objective, children with a balanced diet performed far better (M = 3.60) than those without (M = 1.66), t (215) = 25.07, p < 0.001, with a very large effect size (d = 3.99). This confirms that diet is a enhances learners academic performance in pre-schools in Sironko District.

Meta Analysis Study: Nutritional Factors in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with Obesity

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Improvement prevalence obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) become challenge significant global health, especially affected by changes style life like pattern Eat No health and lack of activity Physical. This study aims to analyze the influence of nutritional factors on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with obesity through a meta-analysis approach. The method used was a systematic review of articles published in 2019–2024 obtained from the PubMed, DOAJ, PLoS One, and Google Scholar databases, with a focus on dietary factors and physical activity.

The analysis of 21 observational articles with cohort and case-control study designs eligible for meta-analysis showed that unhealthy diets and low physical activity significantly contribute to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. This meta-analysis emphasizes the importance of nutritional factors as modifiable determinants in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in obesity. These findings provide a strong scientific basis for the development of nutrition- and lifestyle-based public health policies and interventions.

The Relationship Between Diet and Cholesterol Levels Among Farmers in Ulubelu District, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in farming populations is a health concern that can reduce productivity in the agricultural sector. Some of the factors that determine the risk of developing CVD are diet and cholesterol levels. This study aimed to identify early CVD risk in coffee farmers in Ulubelu district, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province by analysing the relationship between diet and cholesterol levels. This study used a cross-sectional design with quantitative analysis and was conducted in February-March 2025 with a total sample of 92 people obtained by purposive sampling technique. Dietary data were collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and cholesterol levels were measured using the Easy Touch GCU Meter device. Data were analysed using chi-square test on IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. The results showed that 53.3% of the farmers were <50 years old, 37% had grade 1 hypertension, the majority had a normal BMI (82.6%), were active smokers (71.7%) and had a high level of physical activity (88%). Assessment of diet and cholesterol levels revealed 49 individuals (53.3 %) with poor diet and 49 individuals (53.3 %) with high cholesterol. The Chi-square test showed that there was no relationship between diet and cholesterol levels (p-value 1.000 OR = 0.983 95% CI 0.433 – 2.234).

The Interrelation between Obesity Management and Climate Change in Greece

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Two major global problems of our era are climate change and obesity. Both are interlinked and interconnected having undesired social, economic, environmental impacts as well as harmful impacts on human health. The rate of obesity and overweight in children and adults in Greece is high compared to other EU countries causing many health, social and economic problems. Climate change is foreseen to have severe and harmful impacts in Greece as well as in other Mediterranean countries altering the climate conditions. Obesity and its treatment mitigate climate change, mainly due to the change in the dietary pattern of the treated patients. The proposed diets for managing obesity, based on Mediterranean dietary patterns, have less GHG emissions and lower climate footprint. Climate change makes more difficult the treatment of obesity, mainly due to the rising temperatures. Climate change has undesired and harmful impacts on obesity treatment in Greece while obesity treatment results in the mitigation of climate change in the country. Future policies for climate change mitigation and managing obesity in Greece should take into account their mutual interconnections and interlinkages in order to maximize their effectiveness in treating these two severe pandemics in the country.