Articles

Design and build an Arduino-Based Inverse Time and Constant Time Overcurrent Protection Relay

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This study discusses the design and implementation of a overcurrent protection system using two types of relays, namely Inverse Time Overcurrent Relays and Constant Time Overcurrent Relays based on Arduino Uno microcontrollers. The system is designed to detect and respond to overcurrent disturbances that occur at resistor loads using current sensors, relay modules, and LCD displays. In an inverse time system, the disconnection time depends on the magnitude of the interference current, where the larger the current, the faster the relay works. On the other hand, in a constant time system, the relay will cut off the current at a predetermined time, regardless of the size of the current. The Arduino Uno acts as a controller brain that processes data from the current sensor and determines the disconnection logic. The test was carried out to evaluate the relay working time characteristics of the interference current variation as well as the effect of the multiplier factor value on the disconnection speed. In addition, the system is also equipped with a PZEM-004T CT module for real-time monitoring of electrical parameters and a 16 2 LCD display as a user interface. The test results show that the system is able to work effectively according to the characteristics of each type of relay. This prototype offers a practical and economical solution in the simulation of electrical protection systems, particularly in microcontroller-based learning and development environments.​

Design and Development of Overcurrent Protection Relay Inverse Definite Minimum Time Type Based on Arduino Uno

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An overcurrent protection relay is an essential component in electrical system to protect devices from damage due to excessive current. The Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) type has a trip time that depends on the magnitude of the overcurrent, with faster trip times for higher overcurrent levels. Arduino Uno can be used as a microcontroller platform to build an IDMT with relatively low cost and ease of implementation. This research aims to design and construct an Arduino Uno-based IDMT. The system consists of a current sensor, Arduino Uno, and a relay. The current sensor is used to detect the current flowing through the load. The Arduino Uno processes the data from the current sensor and determines if the current exceeds a predefined limit. If the current exceeds the limit, the Arduino Uno will activate the relay to cut off the current flow to the load. The IDMT trip time is implemented using an algorithm that considers the magnitude of the overcurrent and the minimum trip time. The system is tested using a simulator and actual load. Test results show that the Arduino Uno-based IDMT system works well and can protect the load from damage due to overcurrent.