Articles

Quantification and Characterization of Microplastics in Five Popular Indian Toothpaste Brands – A Comprehensive Analysis

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This research has investigated the presence and composition of microplastics in five popular toothpaste brands in India. Using a novel wet peroxide digestion method, the study successfully isolated and quantified microplastics in each brand, highlighting significant variations in concentration and polymer types. Sample S4 had the highest microplastic concentration (0.248 g/g) and the largest particle size (30 micrometers), while other brands exhibited lower levels. FTIR and AFM analyses identified multiple polymer types, including PET, PP, and PTFE, with sample S4 displaying complex surface topography, indicative of increased environmental interaction and pollutant absorption. One-way ANOVA confirmed significant differences in microplastic particle sizes across the brands. The study also performed principal component analysis (PCA), showing the intricate co-occurrence of polymers across samples, suggesting synergistic ecotoxicological effects. The results raise concerns about the potential health risks of daily exposure to microplastics through oral hygiene products, as well as the broader environmental implications, such as bioaccumulation in aquatic systems. The study calls for stricter regulation of microplastics in consumer products and further investigation into biodegradable alternatives.

Assessment of Zooplankton Density in Khajikotnoor Reservoir, Kalaburagi District, Karnataka

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Zooplankton are of prime importance in aquatic systems, playing vital roles as water-quality indicators and having significant influences on food web dynamics. This paper examines the abundance and diversity of zooplankton species in the Khajikotnoor reservoir, which is a vital freshwater body in Khajikotnoor village, Kalaburagi District, Karnataka. The sampling was conducted from January 2024 to December 2024 using conventional methods for the collection of plankton. Later, the zooplanktons collected were analyzed and grouped up to the species level. A total of 26 different zooplankton species were documented. They were grouped under principal groups consisting of Rotifers, Cladocera, Copepods, and Ostracoda. Among them, Rotifers turned out to be the dominant group. The results indicate that the Khajikotnoor reservoir harbours a very diverse population of zooplankton with a relatively healthy aquatic ecosystem. But human activities and eutrophication pose potential threats to the reservoir’s biodiversity. This research highlights the significance of continuous monitoring of zooplankton diversity as a bioindicator in assessing ecological well-being and formulating conservation strategies to protect the aquatic biodiversity of the reservoir.