Recent Physiotherapy Advances in Stroke Patient for Upper Limb Training: A Literature Review

Various advanced techniques are used in rehabilitation to improve arm and hand function, which are essential for independent daily life. These techniques include Virtual Reality, Robotic devices, Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy to Mirror Therapy. Telerehabilitation, biofeedback, and wearable sensor methods primarily target neurological impairments such as paresis and spasticity by activating neural circuits or influencing peripheral effectors. However, CIMT, particularly in its modified expression, restrains the non-affected arm and simultaneously trains the affected limb, which is most effective in improving upper limb function. Mirror Therapy, which may also be applied to severely paralyzed limbs, offers several benefits. Nonetheless, newer technologies are costlier and more complicated while simultaneously limiting access, particularly to patients residing at a distance. In this regard, tele-rehabilitation appears to be a functional alternative that uses telecommunication networks, making therapy affordable and accessible.