Green Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Nanoparticles Using Cow Urine, Cow Dung and Vermiwash: Review of Article

Green synthesis has recently drawn significant interest as a viable, evolving, and environmentally friendly method for synthesis of variety of nanomaterials, including metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. In this review, we summed up the general protocols and mechanism of green synthesis and mechanism of green synthesis routes, especially for Silver(Ag), Silver oxide(Ag₂O), Cadmium(Cd), Copper(Cu), Copper ferrite(CuFe₂O₄), Palladium(Pd), and Graphene nanomaterials/nanoparticles using cow urine[1] and Zinc oxide(ZnO), C dots and Amorphous Nano-silica and other nanoparticles using cow dung extract and Copper oxide, silver, gold, molybdenum doped TiO₂ nanoparticles from vermiwash. We carefully examined the primary function of biological elements found in cow dung, cow urine and vermiwash. Vermiwash is the leachate that comes from vermicomposting units. Because it is a natural substance with brown colour and contains a lot of nutrients for plants, it can be used as liquid fertilizer. Additionally, the humic acid it contains aids in the growth of plants. In the solvent system, these basic biomolecules serve as stabilizing and reducing agents[2]. Characterization techniques are also used to discuss surface shape, phase development, and nanoparticle stability. Lastly, we talked about the potential applications of these synthesized nanoparticles as an anticancer agent, antimicrobial activity, photocatalyst and a drug delivery system.