Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Ethanol Extract of Sappan Wood

Silver nanoparticles had been synthesized through the reduction process using an ethanol extract of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as a bioreductor.  The variation of the formula used is a mixture of the ethanol extract of sappan wood with a 2 mM AgNO₃ solution in a volume ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The results showed that the UV-Visible spectrophotometry confirmed that the volume ratio of 1:1 was the optimum formula with an absorbance value of 1.243 at the maximum wavelength of 446 nm. Particle size analysis using Zetasizer Nano ZS revealed that the synthetized silver nanoparticles had a particle size of 618.1 nm. The hydroxyl group (OH) had a important role in the nanoparticle formation process, according to functional group characterization using FTIR. Due to silver nanoparticles tendency  to agglomerate, the SEM image of the silver nanoparticles showed a variety of sizes and forms.