Gender Equality: The Socio-Economic Status of Women in The Galo Community, Arunachal Pradesh

Gender equality is “women, men, girls and boys must enjoy equal rights, resources, opportunities and protections. It means that women, men, girls and boys have equal conditions, treatment and opportunities for realizing their full potential, human rights and dignity and contributing to socio-economic, cultural and political development” according to United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. Equality doesn’t mean that men and women will become the same but that women’s and men’s rights, responsibilities and opportunities is not depended on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality signifies the equal recognition and appreciation of both the similarities and differences between men and women, as well as the roles they fulfill in society. The Indian Constitution enshrines this principle through the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties. Beyond guaranteeing equal rights for women, the Constitution also empowers the government to take affirmative actions to address gender disparities.

Although the Constitution of India contains numerous provisions to uphold gender equality and justice, these provisions have often been rendered ineffective for various reasons. While women are constitutionally guaranteed equal rights, opportunities, and protections, the reality remains starkly different. The status of women in the Galo society of Arunachal Pradesh reflects this discrepancy. Although the extent and nature of inequality and discrimination may vary, women continue to occupy a disadvantaged position socially and economically. The socio-economic and political marginalization of women has persisted throughout history. In fact, this marginalization is a harsh reality that has been both consciously and unconsciously practiced within the Galo tribe, whether directly or indirectly. This paper aims to examine the distinct nature of gender inequality in Galo society and propose suitable measures to promote and strengthen gender equality.