Chronic Constipation Revealing Geophagia: A Case Report

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Geophagia is a frequent cause of chronic constipation. It is often associated with iron-deficiency anemia, which may be the cause. We describe the case of a 4 year-old suffering from a chronic constipation. In which the radiographic examination revealed the presence of sand like stools and thus making an orientation for geophagia. This article come as a reminder of the utility of radiographic examination as a first line abdominal exploration in case of abdominal symptoms.

Attitude of Organic and Inorganic Farmers on Indian Culture – A Comparative Study

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Culture is the reflection of customs, belief, knowledge, art, etc of an individual or a group living in a society. Culture was learnt or formed through socialization. It is considered as a set of knowledge passed on over time. Different cultures serves as a form of guideline or base for the behavior or code of conduct for its followers, thus in a way influenced the way of thinking and acting. Expressive forms involved in a culture like art, rituals, customs are also a representation of a particular set of people. Various civilizations from across the globe practiced or created different cultures which were passed on the next generations. Farming community in general has practiced culture involving safeguarding women, worshipping nature etc. The present study deals with the opinion of organic and inorganic farmers on Indian culture, safeguarding and protecting women, influence of western culture on youngsters and western culture penetration.

Frequency Response of Electronically Tunable Current-Mode Third Order High Pass and Low Pass Filter for Q = 10

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The circuits using current-mode (CM) building blocks have received considerable attention in many filtering and signal processing applications. Compared to their voltage-mode(VM) counterparts, the current-mode building blocks are attractive because of their wider bandwidth, higher slew rate, and lower power consumptions. In IC technology, it is desirable to operate circuits at low voltages which can be achieved by using CM building blocks. As a large number of op-amp based circuits with elegant realization procedures are already available, it is worthwhile to convert them into the circuits based on current-mode building blocks. In this paper, a realization of a current mode third order high pass and low pass filter is described. The proposed circuit employs operational amplifier as the basic building unit. The filter circuit realizes quadratic work function. It provides electronically tuning capability of the filter characteristics. The proposed circuit works ideal for Center frequency fo= 10 k and Circuit merit factor Q > 1. The gain roll-off this configuration is 18dB/octave. The circuit is suitable for monolithic integration and high frequency operation. The filters developed were successful in obtaining passive sensitivities less than unity in magnitude and active sensitivities are half in magnitude, which is a noteworthy achievement. The circuit is suitable for high frequency operation and monolithic integration.

Effect of Covid-19 on Logistics of Thai Rice Export

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of Covid-19 on Rice Logistic to Thai rice export in terms of product and logistics. Starting from rice plantation, farmers, mills, labour, storage and transportation. In the later part, discusses the impacts of Covid-19 to Thai Rice Export Logistics with conclusion. The authors review Covid-19situation in Thailand and Thai Rice papers. Followed by in-depth interviews influencers and experts from major Rice exporters, Rice Traders and Shipping Lines. The disruption from COVID-19 to Thai rice export logistics was from global supply chain disruption. Imbalance in world containers caused lacking of containers to export and increased Sea Freight were the major effects. High Sea Freight let to higher imported fertilizer cost for plantation. Shipping lines delayed calling some ports in Thailand. Traders delayed the order and waited for lower freight reflecting excess stock in the warehouse. Not only increased cost for carrying stock but also no space for new crop that linked to supply chain disruption as a whole. This paper studied the impacts from 2nd wave of Covid-19 pandemic (2019 to May 2021) in Thailand to Thai Rice logistics where the output could definitely be adopted for further strategy and further study.

Effect of Health Education Vis Digital Media during COVID-19 Pandemic in India

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Objective: The main purpose of the study to evaluate effect of digital media education by various medical professionals to population who are frightened and misinformed during lock down.
Methods: This was an observational data collection survey study by using digital media. Any patients who are habituated to use social media or having system like android mobile or a computer to be connected digitally and also confused or misguided regarding COVID-19 pandemic and look forwards for a guidance from medical experts were included in this study. A verbal questionnaire were used to understand the need of the patients followed by a short intensive yet public friendly lectures by various medical professionals and at the end another verbal questionary used to understand the effect of the lecture.
Results: Total 1000 participants were evaluated in this study. Table 1 depicted the participants’ demographic characteristics. The average mean age of the participants were 37.8 ± 18.6 years. 43% of the participants were male and rest 57% were female. 21% patients were having smoking history. Majority of co-morbidity among the participants were diabetes (74%), followed by dyslipidemis (51%) and hypertension (48%). he mean PSS score for the 1000 participants was 18.6 ± 4.9, indicating moderate perceived stress in the month prior to the interview. Participants indicated negative impacts (either mild, moderate, or severe) of COVID-19 related mental issues like concern for health, difficulties of concentration, concern on hygienic parameters, change in living environment and as well as depressive thoughts. Before the initiation of lectures and post lectures, there was a significant statistical difference in the knowledge of COVID-19 among the study participants.
Conclusion: A combines effort by multiple consultants on distant digital platform is useful in not only helping population getting the right education during pandemic but also help them to fight against removing negative thoughts and implementing positive ones.

Investigating the Rainforest Canopy Phenology Variation and Productivity Responses to Drought by Using Digital Camera Images

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Among the natural disturbances, drought may cause significant change in forest ecosystems by shifting phenology and productivity. Digital cameras have been used in phenological observations for their high accuracy and the colour index values (digital-number of red, green and blue) derived from long-term continuous digital camera imagery are useful as proxies for investigating a forest canopy’s response to drought. Here, we examine the interaction between colour indices (the strength of red (Sred), the strength of green (Sgreen), green excess index (GEI)), productivity (gross primary productivity (GPP)) and drought (standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI)) and climatic factors. We use forest canopy images derived from a digital camera and flux tower-based productivity from 2010 to 2016 to show the rainforest’s responses to drought in phenology and productivity. The SPEI indicated the occurrence of drought condition in 2014. The lowest values of the SPEI (-0.403 mmday-1), and total precipitation (1062 mmyr-1), and the highest values of average air temperature (21.3°C), potential evapotranspiration (3.31 mmday-1) and rain use efficiency (2.26 gCL-1) were found in 2014. Leaf color variation period (CVP) become longer with an advance in foliage green-up after drought. The peak GEI values were found at the end of the CVPs. The GPP and the Sgreen had positive and the Sred had negative relationship with drought index. The GPP dropped during the drought and bounced back after the drought due to a longer leaf CVP. The Sgreen and GEI were significantly (p<0.05) related to GPP during the drought. During the CVP of the drought, the Sgreen and GEI were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with total P, PET and average Ta, meanwhile, there was only a significant relationship (p<0.05) between the GPP with PET and avg Ta. Among the variables, the GPP was more significant (p < 0.001) with avg Ta. There was also a relationship between the colour indices and GPP with climatic factors on a yearly time series. Our results indicate an understanding of the phenology and productivity response of rainforests to drought, which might be useful for ecologists when predicting the effects of future climatic change on rainforest phenology and productivity.

Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity among the Elderly People in Mountain Region of Uttarakhand

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According to World Health Organization (WHO), the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) have an important influence on health inequities – the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries. In countries at all levels of income, health and illness follow a social gradient: the lower the socioeconomic position, the worse the health. The main objective of this paper is to understand these determinants that are prevailing and its relation with the health status of the elderly people in mountain region of Uttarakhand. In order to accomplish the study the data have been collected from 183 households from the three different geographic mountain areas of six administrative regions. The collected data have been further analyzed with SPSS latest version. The findings of study shows that & the self stated very poor health status majority were from the Garhwal mountain region, females those were widows, those were above 81 years, Shudra by caste followed by Khatriya caste, residing in joint family, living in Kuchha houses, civil pensioners, educated above high school & above and average income group followed by high and low income group of the elderly households. However, with respect to the poor health status, occupation, education and income of the household of elderly as the p-values associated with the Ch-square statistics are found to be less than the level of significance. The study concluded with that in built environment of the elderly people like the region, caste, being a female and widow and age above 81 years followed by living amenities like Kuchha house and residing in a joint family system are more significant with respect to the poor health status, while occupation, education and income of the household of elderly as the p-values associated with the Ch-square statistics is found to be less than the level of significance in the mountain region of Uttarakhand.

Information and Communication Technology Integration in Teacher Education Programmes: Assessment of Science Education Lecturer’s Competencies in Rivers State, Nigeria

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The relevance of information and communication technology in developing nations of the world like Nigeria cannot be undermined, considering the indispensable role it plays in nations’ development and provision of basic facilities for improvement in standards of living of citizens. In this context, science education lecturers need to be fully equipped with basic skills in information and communication technology. This study therefore, is an attempt to assess Science Education Lecturers’ competency in information and communication technology in Rivers State. Descriptive survey design was adopted and the sample comprised 85 Science Education Lecturers in Rivers State Tertiary Institutions. The instrument was Competency in Information and Communication Technology Questionnaire validated by two Science Education Lecturers. The instruments’ reliability coefficient of 0.76 was determined by test-retest method using Pearson Product Moment Correlation formula. Mean and standard deviation were used for answering research questions while hypotheses were tested using t-test at .05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed low level of competency of science education lecturers in information and communication technology with regards to use of presentation tools to support on-line instructions, test, assignments, e-mail, face book, internet and cybercafé, analysis of a course work, results computation, course evaluation, word processor for personal and instructional purpose, spreadsheet for personal and instructional purpose, collection and storage of data and decision making. There was no significant difference in male and female lecturers’ level of competency in information and communication technology as well as university and college of education science education lecturers in Rivers State. It was recommended among others that Government should ensure adequate training of science education lectures on the use of information and communication technology facilities and also assist them acquire laptops and software packages.

The Survival Rates of SMEs in Turkey and the Conceptual Framework of Factors Affecting IT

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SMEs are vitally important enterprises as they are a source of income and employment in both developed and developing economies. However, despite their importance, only a small part of them survive for many years. Therefore, identifying the factors that enable SMEs to survive will play an important role in attracting entrepreneurs’ attention and encouraging them to take steps to ensure the survival of their enterprises. In the literature, these factors are considered independently of each other. In this context, there is a gap in the literature that requires to demonstrate the relationship between these factors. This article aims to contribute to the literature by identifying factors affecting the survival of SMEs in Turkey and providing a conceptual framework that explains their relationships. In the proposed framework, managerial practices, entrepreneurial traits, market adaptation, growth management and finance management were considered as the main constructs. If this conceptual framework, which was revealed as a result of field observations and detailed literature reviews, is empirically supported by further studies, it can create an alternative perspective that will inspire SME owners in Turkey to keep their companies alive for years.

Phase Wise Variation of Criteria Pollutants across India during COVID-19 Lockdown

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The COVID-19 epidemic forced many countries around the world to lockdown completely. This occlusion influenced the atmospheric composition positively due to reduced anthropogenic activities. Recently, many studies across India have shown how the COVID-19 lockdown has affected air quality in different cities. However, these studies did not examine the phased percentage variation in air pollutant concentrations across different states of India. In this study, percentage variation in the concentration of five criteria pollutant, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO and Ozone were studied for 13 states across India during four phases of COVID-19 lockdown. A significant decrease in air pollutant levels was observed in all four phases, with phase 1 and phase 2 reporting a maximum decrease. PM10 and PM2.5, CO and NO2 showed a decrease in concentration in all states. Ozone showed a mixed response, with both increase and decrease recorded across states. During the COVID-19 lockdown period in India, AOD levels were reduced by 10.25%. This study will certainly help regulators set the guidelines and mitigation measures for appropriate control of air pollutants in different states in future.