Malondialdehyde (MDA) Total Antioxidant Capacity and Vitamin E Levels in Preterm and Term Infants

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Introduction: Oxygen radical injury is thought to be one of the common mechanisms for several diseases in premature infants. Lipid peroxidation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many neonatal complications. Broncho pulmonary dysplasia, Intraventricular hemorrhage and Retinopathy of Prematurity are due to excessive production of oxygen free radicals.
Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity and Vitamin E levels in preterm and term infants.
Material and methods: We aimed to determine the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total antioxidant capacity and vitamin E in cord blood of term and preterm infants. To determine the oxidative stress and antioxidants in cord blood of term and preterm infants that may have clinical implications. In the present study we determine MDA, Total antioxidant capacity and vitamin E levels in the umbilical cord blood of term (n=50) and preterm (n=50) infants by manual method. Blood samples were collected during delivery. MDA is high in preterm infants compared to term infants.
Results: Total antioxidant capacity and Vitamin E levels are high in term infants compared to preterm infants. Therefore it is possible to postulate that preterm infants are more susceptible to oxidative stress than term infants.
Conclusion: It is concluded that Preterm neonates are exposed to increased oxidant stress at birth and are susceptible to anti-oxidant deficiencies.

The Essence of Economic Tasks in the Implementation of Economic Relations of the Family

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In this article, the authors focused on the analysis of the economic function of the family, which are the priority areas of today’s economic reforms, the causes of income in the family, the main features of the family and household, the composition of their functions , as well as the concept of economic relations of family students.

Effect of Lesson Study Continuous Professional Development on Mathematics Teachers’ Pedagogical Competence and Perceptions of Changes in Their Classroom Practices

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lesson study on mathematics teachers’ pedagogical competence and find out teachers’ perception of the impact of lesson study activities on their teaching. In all,7 mathematics teachers were involved in the study. Questionnaire, observations of classroom teaching and Lesson Study meetings as well as reflective writings were the instrument used for data collection. The items in the questionnaire were analyzed using statistical tools such as percentages, mean and standard deviation from Excel 2016 Analysis Tools. The descriptive statistics indicated that there was a significant difference between Lesson Study cycles. The questionnaire given to the teacher participants to elicit their response on the perceptions of mathematics teachers towards the impact of Lesson study activities revealed a positive response. Based on the findings of the study, for this group of mathematics teachers, Lesson Study has effectively enhanced their pedagogical competence and promoted professional development.

A Facile Three-Steps, One-Pot Synthesis of Novel 2-Alkylamino and 2-Dialkylamino-4H-Pyrido[1,2-A][1,3,5] Triazin-4-Ones from 2-Aminopyridine and 2-Aminopicolines

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A straightforward approach to novel 2-dialkylamino-4H-pyrido[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-ones synthesis is presented. The construction of these compounds was achieved by one-pot synthesis involving condensation of 2-aminopyridine or 2-aminopicolines with ethoxycarbonylisothiocianate, followed by amination of the thioureas, and finally thermal ring closure of resulting guanidines. This allowed access to the unreported title heterocycles. We described an efficient, facile, one-pot synthesis of a novel 2-dialkylamino-4H-pyrido[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-ones in order to obtain a library of pyridotriazines which will be used as building blocks in medicinal chemistry.

Mitigation Practices of Local Water Districts (LWDs) in the Philippines during Covid-19 Pandemic

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This paper discussed the mitigation practices and challenges faced by Local Water Districts (LWDs) during the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of collection, consumption, water resource, human resource and accessibility of its services to continue promoting better service. The researchers applied phenomenological approach and utilized qualitative data gathering through digital forms and follow up interviews to the representative participants from the local water districts in the Philippines. This study is a joint effort in relation to the academe’s function in terms of research to the industry. Its framework was anchored on the theory of change, vital to program success where managers can be better assured that their programs deliver the right activities toward the desired outcomes. Findings revealed that the LWDs have faced varied challenges where they fit their innovative practices. The use of technology is considered both a great help and challenge, depending on the category level of the water district. The researchers concluded that the LWDs focused on the welfare of their concessionaires, employees and upgraded their facilities, regardless of their financial capabilities. It was recommended that the management need to adapt technology, provide further innovative practices, and continue with information dissemination to the concessionaires.

Heterodoxical Ideologies of Some Philosophical ISMS

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An impartial analysis and spotlight on the philosophical ‘Isms’ clearly shows that not all the recognized behavioural sciences help us in day to day life and particularly in the trying situations. In fact the primary task of philosophy, traditionally assigned, is to study the nature of human existence and our relationships with each other. Having universally acknowledged the famous Aristotelean remark about human nature that Man is a Social Animal, the very next problem that arises is how to transform him into a cultured animal ? Scores of Isms are available but not all have a true grip on human mind. A few of them can safely be ignored concluding that they have merely earned historical importance but the efficacy of even those in vogue needs to be examined. This is because the struggle of humanity as a whole and in particular, related to the sensitive souls has not ended. It is but natural to look at the Isms with a hope or expectation to get proper guidance. Needless to say, there is a sort of chaos and as scientifically proved there is a continuity at an incomprehensible pace in this entropean world. We have updated our knowledge from scientific research to gain comfort yet there is something missing owing to which complacency is shattered. That is why complex philosophies presented in a verbose manner may impress us for a while but in actual practice they do not serve a right purpose. Philosophical thoughts can get a response in an appreciative manner only when displayed through a simplified version. Philosophers and Thinkers are definitely benefitted from a huge repertoire of knowledge. But the issue is regarding the art of presenting the gist of it for a common man who eagerly seeks guidance from the philosophical Isms. Seekers of wisdom do not have narrow confines but they might face the problem of presentation. No doubt they have to sound academic for exhibiting their scholarship but the world is habituated to dwell on a utility based platform. This paper tries to focus on those Isms which have not only significance but also are usable and therefore, we need to be wary enough in selecting them for following or practising in life.

The Use of Moringa Oleifera Powder to Prevent Pancreatic Organ Cell Damage in Pregnant Mice with Diabetes Mellitus

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Introduction: Diseases that accompany pregnancy, such as diabetes mellitus, affect preeclampsia. This disease is a hereditary disorder characterized by reduced circulating insulin, high blood sugar concentrations, and reduced glycogenesis. This study tried to determine the effect of giving Moringa leaf powder (Moringa oleifera) in preventing pancreatic organ cell damage in pregnant rats with diabetes mellitus.
Method: A total of 30 pregnant white rats, which were divided into 6 groups, were examined for their sugar levels on day 4 after being induced by alloxan for 18 days to ensure that they were already in a hyperglycemic state.
Result: The results showed that the administration of Moringa leaf powder at a dose of 800 mg/day/kg BW could reduce pancreatic cell apoptosis, approaching the negative control group.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the moringa leaf powder is able to improve the clinical pathological condition of pregnancy, due to inhibition of apoptosis and repair of pancreatic Langerhans cells.

Protective Effect of Selenium against Methotrexate Induced Hepatotoxicity

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Introduction: The liver is the largest internal organ by percent weight in the human body and has crucial functions, including cholesterol production, intermediary metabolism, hormone synthesis, bile and urea production and drug detoxification.
Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the Protective effect of selenium against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Jinnah Hospital Lahore during 2020. Selenium and all chemical reagents of analytical grades were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Mo, USA). The dose of MTX diluted in water (50% 1ml/kg of body weight of Mice were applied twice a week for six weeks to induced hepatocellular injury determined by liver function tests. The mice were maintained under pathogen-free conditions with air conditioning, a 12-hr light/12-hr dark cycle, and %55 humidity.
Results: Results shows that a significant increase in serum enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) and significant decrease in total protein was observed in all groups receiving MTX for the induction of hepatic injury. Mice receiving combination therapy of selenium along with MTX shows a time course recovery towards normalcy. The highest value of ALT (94.83 IU/L), AST (73.21 IU/L) and ALP (157 IU/L) were recorded in Mice receiving MTX for hepatic injury. The lowest values (63.67, 51.49 and 139.95 IU/L) was recorded in group treated with MTX+ Se (200mg/kg b.w) but both the groups differed non significantly and shows the same trend but a decreasing trend in serum enzymes (ALT 32.85%), (AST 29.67%) and (ALP 11.40%).
Conclusion: It is concluded that selenium supplementation in MTX treated rats elicited a reduction in the toxic effects of the pesticide by improving the studied parameters, which was confirmed by the biochemical analysis of serum.

Flood Problem of Puthimari River Basin: History and Present Pattern

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Flood is one of the most devastating natural disasters that occurs in all depths, from just a couple inches to many feet. Assam has the vast network of its two major rivers viz. the Brahmaputra and the Barak and their tributaries. However, the Brahmaputra river valley is the most flood prone area in Assam. The research article is made to understand the history and pattern of the damage caused by the flood in the Puthimari basin in Kamrup District of Assam. The study has been carried out using both field survey as well as remote sensing techniques. The hydrological data such as water level and water discharge have been collected from Water Resource Department and Brahmaputra Board, Govt of Assam. The water discharge data has been collected from 1955 to 2010 and the flood damage report from 2016 to 2020 have been collected from different newspapers and Flood Report of Assam State Disaster Management Authority. The flood of 2004 has been recorded as the highest from the danger perspectives. The stage hydrographs have been prepared using maximum and minimum water level from 1958 to 2016 where the flood of 1958 has been recorded as the highest devastating with (54.81- 49.79) 5.02 metre deviation from the danger level.

Current State of the Problem of Colonic Anastomotic Leakage (Review)

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The authors of the article cite literature data on the annual incidence of the colon of about 2 million cases with a mortality rate of 25-30%, which is due to the growth of oncological diseases, varying degrees of equipment of institutions dealing with colorectal surgery, various techniques of performing operations, the method of forming anastomoses, and management of the postoperative period. At the same time, the colonic anastomotic leakage (CAL) is noted up to 20-30%.

The authors analyzed in detail the current state of the CAL problem on the basis of the analysis, including the meta-analysis of a number of researchers, who state the influence of many factors, as well as the state of the patient’s body in the development of this complication.

The authors conclude that such a large number of factors, a number of which can be combined, as well as insufficient qualification of the surgeon, significantly complicate the task of developing recommendations for the prevention of CAL.