Design and Constructions an Environmentally Friendly Waste Destruction Incinerator Machine for Environmental Cleanliness of The University of Mataram Campus

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Waste is a problem that is widely discussed by all groups about the management system to become useful materials and provide added value for the community around the final disposal site (TPA), [8]. Waste management is a systematic, comprehensive, and continuous activity that includes waste reduction and handling. The solution offered by the waste disposal system uses an environmentally friendly waste incinerator machine used around the campus environment to reduce piles and piles, [2]. Waste disposal using the incinerator system is waste management using a combustion system in a closed space so that the smoke pollution caused can be cleaned by filtration which is sprayed through a nozzle, [3]. Research Objectives: 1. Designing an environmentally friendly waste incinerator machine; 2. Knowing the performance of an environmentally friendly waste incinerator machine; 3. Knowing the level of cleanliness of the curve on the machine’s chimney; 4. Knowing the efficiency of the work of an environmentally friendly waste incinerator machine. Benefits of the research: 1. Application of practical technology for the community in the use of environmentally friendly waste incinerator machines; 2. Obtain specific information related to the design of an environmentally friendly waste incinerator machine. Time and Place: The research was conducted from June to November 2024. The activities were carried out at the Agricultural Power and Machinery Laboratory, Faculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry, University of Mataram. Research Materials and Tools: The materials needed for the research include: Waste and Tools used: Waste incinerator machine, digital vernier caliper, digital thermometer, pollution measuring instrument, etc. Research Method: Carried out in several stages, namely observation of waste destruction activities and direct data collection in the field (Experimental). Results and Discussion: Carrying out a design with a process of describing in detail the design of an environmentally friendly waste incinerator machine; Incinerator mechanical engineering construction is a construction that involves a structure that has been planned or designed specifically so that it will be made to meet the needs of the community. Incinerator is a waste recycling tool that uses a combustion method to reduce the volume of waste and turn it into ash, waste is burned at a temperature of around 850°C, the combustion process produces heat energy that can be used for other energy.

Non-Technical Engineering Skills in Technical Vocational Education: Literature Review and Systematization the Non-Tech Skills in Congruence with the Professional Field with Some Examples

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The article reviews and emphasizes the significance of non-technical skills in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) to improve the employability of graduates. It identifies communication, problem-solving, teamwork, self-management, and adaptability as crucial competencies that are integral to technical field programs, rather than as supplementary parergon skills in the technical field programs. The post-pandemic landscape, local war conflicts has heightened intensively the importance of emotional intelligence and professionalism in the workplace. Employers prioritize these transferable skills alongside technical abilities when achieving quality standards and measure efficiency. The article advocates for integrating non-technical skills into the curricula of TVET institutions in broad a scale thus enhancing and transforming educational methods, and assessments to better prepare students for competitive and changing industries. It also highlights the relevance of Professional Ethics in engineering education, suggesting that ethical considerations should be woven into academic programs.

How Socio-Economic Factors Influence Household Saving Patterns: Insights from Faisalabad, Pakistan

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Saving is vital at both micro and macro levels, at the micro level it secures the future of individuals and at a macro level, it increases the level of investment which increases the level of the country’s economic growth.  This study examined the impacts of socio-economic factors on household saving behaviour in Faisalabad Pakistan. Cross-sectional data was collected at the district level from 200 respondents from rural and urban areas of Faisalabad. A stratified random sampling technique was used for data collection. Household saving were used as the dependent variable and income, age, square of age, dependency ratio, marital status, employment status, level of education, wealth and liability were used as independent variables and regression was used for data analysis. The results of this study revealed that income and employment level significantly and directly impact household savings. Dependency ratio, marital status, level of education, wealth and liability have inverse and significant impact on household level of saving.

Validation and Reliability of the Psychological Scale of Trust in Partners in Marriage

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This study aims to measure the validity and reliability of the psychological scale of trust in partners in marriage. Trust is a fundamental element in interpersonal relationships that supports the emotional closeness and stability of couples, especially in long-distance relationships. Referring to Rempel’s theory (1985), this study explores three main aspects of trust: predictability, dependability, and faith. The developed measuring instrument involved 30 items and was tested on 49 married participants in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. The results of the analysis showed that out of 30 items, 20 selected items met the validity criteria with a Cronbach’s alpha reliability of 0.935 in the first round and 0.966 in the second round. These findings indicate that the trust in partners scale can be used as a reliable research instrument to assess trust in marital relationships. This study provides important insights into the dynamics of trust that can help individuals build and maintain healthy relationships.

Cyberloafing Scale in Academic Settings

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Cybrloafing in academic settings refers to students’ use of the internet for non-academic purposes during lectures, which can disrupt the learning process. This study aims to develop and validate the Academic Cyberloafing Scale to measure this behavior among students. Methods: The scale was developed based on the theory of Akbulut et al. (2016) and initially consisted of 56 items. Content validity testing was conducted through expert judgment (CVI and CVR analysis), followed by item discrimination and reliability testing. A sample of 45 college students participated in the item discrimination test, and the reliability test was conducted using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The validation process resulted in 31 valid items with high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.957). Conclusion: The validated Academic Cyberloafing Scale provides a reliable measurement tool for assessing cyberloafing behavior among students. The study highlights the need for universities to implement strategies to manage internet use during lectures and minimize its negative effects on learning.

National Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme: Should be continued, stopped or targeted

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Vitamin A is an essential nutrient needed for normal functioning of visual, immune and reproductive system; growth and development & maintenance of cellular epithelial integrity. Clinically, its deficiencies can be seen as xeropthalmia (severe form) night blindness, bitot spot, keratomalacia and other ocular manifestations), keratinization in skin, retarded growth of bones & impaired reproductive system. In public health deficiency is mainly seen clinically in the form of xerophthalmia (severe) or subclinical form especially among young children with others infections, due to increased nutrient requirements for growth. To prevent this deficiency Government of India had started to provide Vitamin A supplementation under the Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme with a certain dose and schedule. As the time passes, a remarkable change has been observed in the prevalence, incidence, form (clinical to subclinical) of the deficiency disease, which bring many controversies over vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme with regard to its doses, schedule, beneficiaries and marker. This puts a question on the Programme whether it should be revised, continued or stopped.

Gender Equality: The Socio-Economic Status of Women in The Galo Community, Arunachal Pradesh

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Gender equality is “women, men, girls and boys must enjoy equal rights, resources, opportunities and protections. It means that women, men, girls and boys have equal conditions, treatment and opportunities for realizing their full potential, human rights and dignity and contributing to socio-economic, cultural and political development” according to United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. Equality doesn’t mean that men and women will become the same but that women’s and men’s rights, responsibilities and opportunities is not depended on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality signifies the equal recognition and appreciation of both the similarities and differences between men and women, as well as the roles they fulfill in society. The Indian Constitution enshrines this principle through the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties. Beyond guaranteeing equal rights for women, the Constitution also empowers the government to take affirmative actions to address gender disparities.

Although the Constitution of India contains numerous provisions to uphold gender equality and justice, these provisions have often been rendered ineffective for various reasons. While women are constitutionally guaranteed equal rights, opportunities, and protections, the reality remains starkly different. The status of women in the Galo society of Arunachal Pradesh reflects this discrepancy. Although the extent and nature of inequality and discrimination may vary, women continue to occupy a disadvantaged position socially and economically. The socio-economic and political marginalization of women has persisted throughout history. In fact, this marginalization is a harsh reality that has been both consciously and unconsciously practiced within the Galo tribe, whether directly or indirectly. This paper aims to examine the distinct nature of gender inequality in Galo society and propose suitable measures to promote and strengthen gender equality.

Analysis of Student Needs for Interactive Physics Learning Module Based on Agricultural Systems at SMK Negeri Luyo

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This study aims to analyze the needs of students at SMK Negeri Luyo for an interactive physics learning module based on agricultural systems in Polewali Mandar. Physics learning at this school still faces several challenges, such as the lack of connection between physics material and students’ daily lives, the limited availability of contextual teaching materials, and the use of conventional teaching methods. As a result, students find it difficult to understand physics concepts because the material taught remains abstract and is not sufficiently linked to agricultural practices, which are a significant part of their lives. This study employs a descriptive method with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Data were collected through observations, teacher interviews, and questionnaires distributed to students to determine their needs for an interactive learning module. The results indicate that students require more interactive and context-based teaching materials to understand the relationship between physics concepts and their daily lives, particularly in the agricultural sector. Most students prefer learning media that incorporate interactive simulations, project-based experiments, and case studies that connect physics concepts with agricultural practices in their area. Furthermore, teachers face challenges in developing contextual teaching materials due to time constraints and limited resources. Based on these findings, the study emphasizes the necessity of developing an interactive physics learning module based on agricultural systems to enhance students’ understanding, interest, and motivation in learning. The development model used in this study is the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), which enables systematic module design tailored to the needs of students and teachers.

The Role of AI in Customer Sentiment Analysis for Strategic Business Decisions

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Customer sentiment analysis has become a vital tool for businesses seeking to understand consumer emotions, preferences, and feedback in real-time. Traditional sentiment analysis methods often struggle with scalability, contextual interpretation, and processing unstructured data from diverse sources such as social media, customer reviews, and survey responses. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized this domain by leveraging advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, including transformer-based models (e.g., BERT, GPT), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and sentiment-aware embeddings, to extract nuanced insights with higher accuracy and efficiency. AI-driven sentiment analysis enhances customer experience, optimizes marketing strategies, and informs strategic business decisions in areas such as product development and risk management. However, challenges such as algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, and model interpretability remain critical hurdles. This paper explores these challenges while discussing potential solutions, such as debiasing techniques, federated learning for privacy-preserving sentiment analysis, and explainable AI approaches. Furthermore, it highlights future advancements that could improve the accuracy, reliability, and ethical application of AI in sentiment analysis, ultimately strengthening data-driven decision-making for businesses in dynamic market environments.

Optimization of Wireless Mesh Networks for Disaster Response Communication

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as a resilient and adaptable solution for disaster response communication, offering self-healing and self-organizing capabilities that ensure uninterrupted connectivity in emergency scenarios. Traditional communication infrastructures often fail due to network congestion, power outages, and physical damage during disasters, necessitating an optimized approach for rapid and reliable data transmission. This study presents an AI-optimized WMN framework aimed at enhancing network performance by improving packet delivery ratio (PDR), reducing end-to-end delay, optimizing energy consumption, increasing network throughput, and strengthening security. Simulations conducted in MATLAB Simulink compare the performance of AI-optimized routing with conventional protocols such as AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) and OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing). Results demonstrate that AI-optimized routing achieves a 15.5% higher PDR, 43% lower delay, 49% increased throughput, and 30% reduced energy consumption compared to traditional approaches. Furthermore, an AI-driven Intrusion Detection System (IDS) improves network security by increasing attack detection accuracy to 94.6% while reducing false positive rates to 5.2%. The findings highlight the significance of AI-based routing optimization in disaster scenarios, ensuring robust, energy-efficient, and secure communication for first responders and affected communities. Future research will explore hybrid AI-blockchain security mechanisms, 5G and satellite network integration, and real-world experimental validation to further enhance WMN resilience in extreme disaster conditions.