Efficiency Scale of Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis Farming and Their Determinants

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Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis planting centers are spread across several districts in Bali. The expansion of Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis farming carried out by the community and/or the thinning of old plants is believed to have changed the proportion of production factor utilization. This condition will have an impact on the achievement of Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis farming efficiency. This research aims to analyze (1) the technical efficiency and (2) scale of efficiency of Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis farming. This survey research approach was carried out in Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis production centers in Bali Province. A total of 139 respondents were determined using a quota sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through interviews with respondent farmers using a questionnaire. The collected and tabulated data was analyzed using data envelopment analysis (DEA model) to determine the technical efficiency and scale of efficiency. The average technical efficiency of Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis farming was 0.93. The average efficiency scale for Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis farming was obtained at 0.87. The efficiency scale for Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis farming is highest in the planting area >50 strata. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended that Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis farmers with a planting area of <50 acres reorganize the proportion of use of production factors in accordance with the proportion of production factors used in Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis farming with a planting area of >50 acres. The technical efficiency of Salacca zalacca var. amboinensis farming is more influenced by management intensity and targeted inputs than by land expansion or quantitative increases in inputs such as fertilizers.

Identification of Factors Influencing Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Literature Review

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Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) refers to voluntary behaviors that play an important role in enhancing the effectiveness of healthcare services. However, various work-related pressures in healthcare facilities often lead to a decline in OCB. This study aims to identify factors influencing OCB among health workers using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Garuda databases, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. A total of 16 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that OCB is influenced by two main groups of factors: internal individual factors (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, emotional intelligence, optimism, work motivation, and quality of work life) and external organizational factors (transformational leadership, organizational culture and climate, perceived organizational support, leader–member exchange, workload, work stress, and emotional supervisor support). External factors were found to be more dominant than internal factors. These findings underscore the importance of organizational strategies in fostering supportive leadership and a positive work climate to enhance Organizational Citizenship Behavior among health workers.

Using Gamified Vocabulary Instruction to Enhance Young Learners’ Motivation in English Learning at a Foreign Language Center in Ca Mau

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This study investigates the effects of gamified vocabulary instruction on the motivation of young EFL learners at a foreign language center in Ca Mau, Vietnam. Although vocabulary learning is essential in EFL contexts, instructional practices in many Vietnamese language centers continue to rely heavily on repetition, translation, and rote memorization, which often fail to sustain learners’ motivation. To address this issue, a ten-week gamified instructional program was implemented, integrating game elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and collaborative activities into vocabulary lessons. Data were collected through a post-intervention questionnaire measuring learners’ enjoyment, engagement, effort, and perceived usefulness of the activities, supplemented by semi-structured interviews to gain qualitative insights into learners’ experiences. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed to identify recurring motivational patterns. The study aims to provide empirical evidence on the motivational impact of gamified vocabulary instruction and to contribute to the limited research on gamification in provincial EFL contexts in Vietnam. The findings are expected to offer practical implications for language teachers and institutions seeking to enhance learner motivation through more interactive and engaging instructional approaches.

Decorative Art at Hoi Khanh Pagoda Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam: Characteristics and Values

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Decorative art at Southern Vietnamese temples is an important element in the structure of Vietnamese Buddhist art, reflecting the cultural, spiritual, and aesthetic values ​​of the community. Hoi Khanh Temple, located in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (formerly Binh Duong province), built in 1741, is one of the typical Buddhist structures with a rich system of decorative patterns, influenced by traditional Vietnamese art, Chinese, Cham, and Indian cultures, and the Mahayana Buddhist art of the Southern region. This study aims to analyze the sculptural characteristics, aesthetic value, cultural significance, and artistic symbols in the decorative patterns at Hoi Khanh Temple, based on the integration of theoretical foundations from aesthetics, art history, semiotics, regional cultural studies, and theories of cultural exchange and transformation.

The research methodology includes field surveys, description, motif classification, sculptural analysis, regional comparisons, and the application of interdisciplinary methods between art history, ethnology, history, and cultural studies. The research results show that the decorative art of Hoi Khanh Pagoda possesses unique characteristics such as harmonious composition, exquisite carving techniques, widespread use of motifs of mythical creatures, flowers, and Buddhist symbols; and the localized cultural exchange creating a distinctive decorative style of the former Binh Duong region.

This research not only contributes to supplementing the theoretical basis of Southern Vietnamese Buddhist decorative art but also provides important documentation for heritage preservation and the promotion of traditional art values ​​in the current context.

Do Financial Policies and Firm Characteristics Affect Firm Value? Evidence from Indonesian Mining Firms Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2020–2024)

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Firm value reflects market assessments of a company’s financial performance and future prospects, particularly in capital-intensive and volatile industries such as mining. This study examines the effects of dividend policy, investment decisions, leverage, profitability, and firm size on firm value in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020– 2024 period. Using a quantitative approach, this study employs panel data regression analysis on financial statement data obtained through purposive sampling. Firm value is measured using Tobin’s Q, while the independent variables are proxied by standard financial indicators. The results show that dividend policy, investment decisions, leverage, profitability, and firm size do not have a statistically significant effect on firm value. These findings indicate that investors in the mining sector tend to prioritize growth prospects, overall firm performance, and risk considerations rather than short-term financial policies or firm-specific characteristics. In addition, high dividend payouts may limit internal funds for investment, while investment allocation, leverage utilization, and profitability improvements may not immediately translate into higher market valuation due to perceived risks, liquidity constraints, and industry uncertainty. This study suggests that market valuation in the mining sector is influenced more by broader expectations and external conditions than by individual financial indicators, providing important implications for managers and investors in understanding firm value dynamics.

Using Kahoot! To Enhance English Learning For 8th Graders at Nguyen Thai Binh Secondary School in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

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This study explores the impact of Kahoot!, a game-based learning platform, on enhancing English learning among 8th-grade students at Nguyen Thai Binh Secondary School, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In response to the increasing integration of educational technology and the shift toward learner-centered pedagogy, the research investigates how Kahoot influences students’ motivation, engagement, and academic achievement, particularly in the areas of vocabulary and grammar.

A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative data from questionnaires administered to 40 students and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to analyze students’ perceptions of motivation, engagement, and language development, while thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative responses.

The findings indicate that Kahoot significantly enhances students’ learning motivation by fostering enjoyment, interest, and confidence in English learning. Student engagement improved markedly, with learners demonstrating increased participation and attentiveness during classroom activities. Furthermore, Kahoot contributed to measurable gains in vocabulary acquisition and grammar proficiency through interactive tasks and real-time feedback. Despite minor technical barriers, such as unstable internet and limited device access, students generally regarded Kahoot as an effective and enjoyable educational tool.

Turning English into a Second Language in Vietnam’s Education System: A Language Policy Analysis

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The year 2025 marks a critical turning point in Vietnam’s language education policy with the official approval of the national project to transform English into a second language within the education system. This paper critically examines the policy Making English a Second Language in Schools (2025–2035, Vision 2045) through Spolsky’s (2004) tripartite model of language policy, focusing on language ideologies, language management, and language practices. Drawing on policy documents, government resolutions, and secondary sources, the study situates the policy within Vietnam’s broader historical, sociopolitical, and sociolinguistic context of post–Đổi Mới reform and globalization. The analysis reveals that the policy is underpinned by a strong ideology of linguistic instrumentalism, positioning English as a key resource for national development, global integration, and workforce competitiveness. At the level of language management, the policy demonstrates ambitious, centralized planning through curriculum reform, teacher development, English-medium instruction, and digital transformation. However, language practices across educational contexts reveal persistent gaps between policy aspirations and classroom realities, particularly in rural and disadvantaged regions. Uneven teacher preparedness, infrastructural disparities, exam-oriented pedagogies, and emerging equity concerns challenge the sustainable implementation of English as a functional second language. The paper argues that while the policy represents a significant shift from foreign language education toward systemic bilingualization, its long-term success depends on contextualized implementation, teacher agency, and equitable resource allocation. Ultimately, English should function as an inclusive communicative resource rather than a gatekeeping mechanism, ensuring that national modernization does not exacerbate existing social and linguistic inequalities.

Customer Satisfaction in Airport Baggage Reclaim: Conceptualising a Moderated-Mediated Model of Service Quality and Risk Management

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This study conceptualises a moderated-mediation framework to explain customer satisfaction in airport baggage reclaim operations. Customer satisfaction is positioned as the dependent variable, with baggage reclaim handling process serving as the independent variable. Drawing on process improvement and service quality perspectives, the framework proposes service quality as a mediator through which baggage reclaim handling influences customer satisfaction. Efficient, reliable, and transparent baggage reclaim processes are expected to enhance perceptions of service quality, which in turn drive satisfaction. The framework further introduces risk management as a moderator, acknowledging the inherently uncertain and disruption-prone nature of airport operations. Operational risks such as system failures, congestion, and human error can weaken service consistency and undermine customer satisfaction, even when baggage processes are well designed. Effective risk management is therefore a contingency factor that strengthens the effect of the baggage reclaim handling process on customer satisfaction by stabilising service quality under varying operational conditions. Grounded in Process Improvement Theory, SERVQUAL, Expectation–Confirmation Theory, and Contingency Theory, the proposed model explains how operational efficiency translates into customer satisfaction through perceptual evaluations of service quality, while accounting for contextual risk conditions. The study integrates operational, perceptual, and contextual dimensions into a single explanatory framework and offers insights for highlighting the importance of aligning process optimisation with service quality management and robust risk mitigation strategies. The study concludes by encouraging future empirical research to test the proposed moderated-mediation relationships using multivariate statistical techniques and to support data-driven improvements in airport baggage operations and passenger experience.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in Additive Manufacturing: Evaluation of Efficiency, Quality and Sustainability in 3D Printing Processes

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 As a researcher specializing in additive manufacturing (AM), I have authored this study titled “Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in Additive Manufacturing: Evaluation of Efficiency, Quality, and Sustainability in 3D Printing Processes.” The work explores AM’s explosive growth, with the global market at 21.9 billion in 2025, projected to hit USD 647.7 billion by 2035 at a 22-23% CAGR, driven by innovations in materials, AI integration, and applications in aerospace, automotive, and biomedicine. AM transforms traditional manufacturing through on-demand production, waste reduction, and supply chain optimization, supporting circular economy principles via localized fabrication and emission cuts.

Utilizing the SALSA methodology, conducted a systematic review of 158 articles (narrowed to 10 key studies from 2015-2025), identifying AM-specific KPIs: efficiency (adapted OEE, varying with build variety); quality (tensile strength up to 55.2 MPa, dimensional deviation 0.048 mm); sustainability (energy consumption, recyclability challenges in PLA/ABS); costs; and delivery times.

Limitations include adapting traditional metrics to AM’s anisotropy and variability, plus unstandardized sustainability data. A pilot test on 10 parts across five hypothetical Hidalgo companies yielded averages like 74.4% OEE and 83.9% material efficiency, underscoring AI’s role in optimization. Ultimately, robust KPIs foster informed AM adoption, aligning with a SDGs 9 and 12 for resilient, sustainable industries.

Digital Era Tax Compliance: A Systematic Review Integrating Behavioral, Technological, and Institutional Perspectives

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Digital tax compliance has become central to public finance as governments increasingly adopt digital technologies to modernize tax administration and governance. This study systematically reviews research on digital tax compliance published between 2021 and 2025, with a focus on the intersection of behavioral, technological, and institutional factors. Employing the PRISMA 2020 protocol and the TCCM framework, 143 Scopus-indexed articles were screened, resulting in 38 studies selected for in-depth analysis. The findings indicate that digitalization is fundamentally transforming tax compliance by shifting from deterrence-based enforcement models to trust-based, voluntary compliance, supported by behavioral insights, technological advancements, and institutional legitimacy. The review identifies three primary thematic clusters: behavioral factors (tax morale, trust, fairness), technological factors (digital platforms, artificial intelligence, blockchain), and institutional factors (governance quality, transparency, tax literacy). The synthesis highlights digitalization’s contribution to enhancing efficiency and reshaping taxpayer behavior by improving legitimacy and motivation. However, the existing research remains fragmented and lacks comprehensive frameworks, with a predominant focus on emerging economies and limited longitudinal or mixed-method studies. This review contributes to the field by conceptualizing digital tax compliance as a behavioral, technological, and institutional nexus, and by positioning digital governance as a catalyst for voluntary compliance. The study provides policy recommendations for developing inclusive, trust-based digital tax systems and outlines a research agenda for the evolving digital tax landscape.