The Relationship Between Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Consumption and the Incidence of Gastritis among Outpatients at the Internal Medicine Clinic of RSUD Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupang

/in /by

Background: Gastritis is an inflammatory condition of the gastric mucosa with high prevalence worldwide, especially in developing regions. At RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang, reported cases increased from 99 in 2021 to 257 in 2023. This research focuses on identifying the association between the type, frequency, and duration of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) use and gastritis among outpatients.

Methods: An analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional design was applied involving 56 patients selected through purposive sampling at the Internal Medicine Clinic. Data were obtained from questionnaire-based interviews and medical record reviews. Bivariate testing was conducted using the contingency coefficient correlation method in SPSS.

Results: Thirteen of the 56 participants (23%) were confirmed with gastritis. NSAID use was reported in 84% of respondents, mainly non-selective preparations. Most consumed NSAIDs only when symptoms appeared and for less than five days. Statistical analysis indicated no significant association for frequency (p=0.052) or duration of intake (p=0.052), and a weak significance for NSAID class (p=0.047).

Conclusion: NSAID usage patterns showed no meaningful relationship with gastritis incidence among outpatients at RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang, which may relate to the low intensity and short duration of use.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Juice in Inhibiting Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation In Vitro

/in /by

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a major urological problem worldwide with a high recurrence rate, reaching approximately 50% within the first 5–10 years after the initial episode. Around 70–80% of kidney stones consist predominantly of calcium oxalate (CaOx). The imbalance between urinary promoters (calcium, oxalate) and inhibitors (citrate, magnesium) leads to supersaturation and crystal formation. Citrate functions as a strong natural inhibitor, although conventional medical therapy may involve considerable costs and adverse effects. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are an affordable local commodity containing high levels of citrate and magnesium, and therefore hold potential as a natural antilithiasis agent.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of tomato juice in inhibiting calcium oxalate crystal formation using a synthetic urine model.

Methods: An in vitro experimental study was carried out using a post-test only design with a control group. Samples were divided into five groups with three replications: Negative Control (no treatment), Positive Control (Potassium Citrate 0.5%), and three treatment groups of Tomato Juice at 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations. Crystal formation was induced using CaCl₂ and Na₂C₂O₄ in synthetic urine. Absorbance was measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer (620 nm) at two-minute intervals for 60 minutes. Measured parameters included Slope of Nucleation (SN), Slope of Aggregation (SA), and percentage of inhibition.

Results: Tomato juice demonstrated statistically significant inhibitory activity against CaOx crystallization kinetics (p < 0.05 for SN and SA). The 25% concentration produced the highest inhibition rate (approximately 65%), comparable to the positive control (70%). The 50% and 100% concentrations yielded inhibition values of approximately 38% and 37%, respectively, indicating a dose–response pattern that did not increase proportionally with concentration.

Conclusion: Tomato juice effectively inhibited calcium oxalate crystal formation in vitro, particularly during the aggregation phase. The optimal effect was observed at the 25% concentration, suggesting a non-linear dose–response possibly influenced by the balance between citrate content and endogenous oxalate in tomatoes.

Sexually Transmitted Infections in Children and Adolescents Who Are Victims of Sexual Violence: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Challenges for Healthcare Services

/in /by

Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a global public health issue with far-reaching impacts on the victims’ physical, psychological, and social health. One important but often overlooked physical health consequence is the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence are in a very vulnerable condition for contracting STIs due to power imbalances, limited ability to give consent, and delays in obtaining adequate medical examinations and services. This article aims to comprehensively review the literature on the prevalence, types of STIs, related factors, and the implementation of screening and healthcare services for children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence. The method used is a literature review of relevant international research articles, including retrospective studies, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and clinical audits, obtained from reputable scientific databases. The review results indicate that the prevalence of STIs among children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence varies across studies, with the most frequently reported types of STIs including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium, human papillomavirus, and HIV. The factors most consistently associated with STIs include adolescent age, female sex, sexual violence with penetration, repeated violence, commercial sexual exploitation, and delayed medical examination after the incident. Additionally, this review identifies significant gaps in the implementation of STI screening, medical follow-up, and the continuity of healthcare services for victims. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening integrated, risk-based, and trauma-sensitive healthcare services in the management of children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence, in order to improve early detection and prevent complications from sexually transmitted infections.

 

Biomedical-Based Nanotechnology for Oral Cancer as an Innovative Strategy for the Head and Neck Region: A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Future Perspectives

/in /by

Nanotechnology is transforming medical practice, and maxillofacial surgery is beginning to benefit from its applications, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of oral carcinoma. This review aimed to evaluate the impact, efficacy, and current challenges of nanotechnology in oral cancer management. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, following PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Artificial intelligence software (Rayyan) was used to support article screening. The search strategy included the terms “nanotechnology,” “carcinoma,” “oral cavity,” and “nanotechnology in oral carcinoma,” with Boolean operators (“AND/OR”) and a date filter from 2014 to 2024. A total of 47 articles were identified in databases and 820 through reference screening; 12 met the inclusion criteria.

Evidence shows that nanotechnology-based therapies achieve an average tumor reduction of 43% and improve mouth opening by 35%. Severe complications were reported in 25% of cases, and the overall survival rate reached 70%. These outcomes indicate that nanotechnology may increase treatment precision, reduce adverse effects, and improve patient quality of life.

Despite its potential, clinical application remains limited due to insufficient large-scale trials and the need for long-term toxicity assessment. Continued research and clinical validation are essential to integrate nanotechnology into routine maxillofacial oncology practice.

Fraudulanet Financial Reporting Using Fraud Pentagon Model: Evidence form the State-Owned Companies in Indonesia

/in /by

Financial statement fraud has the highest number of losses among all fraud types. In addition to harming finances of a company, false financial reports could risk the viability of the business. In the corporate sector, fraud results in losses of trillions of rupiah. This study uses the fraud pentagon theory to investigate the relationship between fraudulent financial reporting and pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, and arrogance. This study applied quantitative method and causally associative approach. This research using secondary data from financial reports that were obtained through the Indonesia Stock Exchanges (IDX) official website. The state-owned companies (BUMN) listed on IDX 2018-2023 period comprise the study population, and purposive sampling method used to determine sample size. One hundred eighty samples from thirty BUMN as result of the sample selection. The study method of data analysis is the Random Effect Model (REM) with EViews 13. The result of this research indicate that return on assets (ROA), and change in auditor (AUDCHANGE) has significant positive effect on fraudulent financial reporting (FFR). In contrast, ineffective monitoring (BDOUT), change in director (DCHANGE), and number of CEO picture (FCEO) did not significant effect on FFR in state-owned companies. This research can contribute to the advancement of current theories and offer companies resources to lower the risk of fraud. This research advances audit company best practices for enhancing companies auditing efficacy in lowering financial reporting fraud.

Strengthening Community Trust through Good Village Governance: An Empirical Study of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) In Indonesia

/in /by

This study investigates how good village governance enhances community trust in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Indonesia by employing a qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis across selected high-performing BUMDes. The findings reveal that transparency, accountability, participation, and responsiveness are central to shaping cognitive, relational, and institutional trust, with community confidence strengthened when governance processes are open, inclusive, and consistent. Conversely, mismanagement, elite capture, and political interference undermine trust and institutional legitimacy. The study contributes to theoretical perspectives on institutional trust, rural social capital, and participatory governance, while offering practical recommendations for strengthening nationwide BUMDes governance models through improved financial transparency, community-based monitoring, and participatory planning. Although limited by its site-specific context and qualitative scope, the research provides a foundation for future comparative, mixed-method, and longitudinal studies on governance–trust dynamics in rural development institutions.

The Influence of the Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by ‘Energy Exploration Board’ Media on Scientific Literacy and Learning Outcomes in Elementary School Science and Social Studies (IPAS)

/in /by

The learning of Science and Social Sciences (IPAS) in elementary schools currently faces challenges, particularly in the low achievement of students’ scientific literacy and learning outcomes. The learning process is often dominated by teacher-centered methods, lacking the integration of innovative media that fosters active student engagement. This research aims to examine the influence of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model supported by “Papan Jelajah Energi” (Energy Exploration Board) media on students’ scientific literacy and learning outcomes. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design involving 5th-grade students at SDN Kandangtepus 02. The research instruments included scientific literacy tests and cognitive learning outcome tests. Data analysis was conducted using the independent samples t-test. The results showed that the experimental group, which implemented the PBL model with the Papan Jelajah Energi media, achieved significantly higher scores compared to the control group. This indicates that the integration of PBL and interactive game-based media is effective in improving students’ understanding of renewable energy concepts and their scientific literacy skills.

What do we know about Tax Amnesty? Insights from bibliometric analysis

/in /by

This paper provides a bibliometric analysis of the existing literature on tax amnesty, focusing on its effectiveness in enhancing tax compliance, generating government revenue, and reducing tax evasion. By analyzing 108 relevant articles extracted from Scopus, the study maps the evolution of tax amnesty research and identifies key themes and trends in the field. The analysis reveals a significant increase in the number of publications since 2015, reflecting growing academic interest in this policy tool. The findings suggest that while tax amnesty programs can generate short-term revenue and improve voluntary compliance, their long-term impact on reducing tax evasion remains debated. The research also highlights the central role of countries like Indonesia, where tax amnesty programs have been extensively implemented, and identifies prominent authors contributing to this body of knowledge. Through keyword analysis, the study emphasizes the importance of concepts such as tax compliance, tax evasion, and tax system reforms, which are closely linked to the success of tax amnesty programs. The paper concludes by suggesting directions for future research, particularly in understanding the sustainability and ethical dimensions of tax amnesty.

The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Model-Local Wisdom with ELIKOSIS Media on Elementary School Students’ Ecoliteracy Skills and Science Learning Outcomes

/in /by

This study aims to examine: (1) the effect of the Problem-Based Learning model with ELIKOSIS media on the IPAS ecoliteracy skills of elementary school students, (2) the effect of the Problem-Based Learning model with ELIKOSIS media on the IPAS learning outcomes of elementary school students. The background of this study is based on the importance of strengthening eco-literacy from elementary education and the need for contextual learning that integrates the local wisdom of the Edelweiss mountains with play activities that are appropriate for the characteristics of elementary school students. This study is a quasi-experimental study with a posttest-only control design. The research sample consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class that received the Problem-Based Learning-Local Wisdom model treatment with ELIKOSIS media and the control class that used direct learning. Data collection was carried out through an ecoliteracy test, an IPAS learning outcome test, and an observation sheet on the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning-Local Wisdom model with ELIKOSIS media. Data analysis in this study used inferential statistics, specifically the t-test technique, with the SPSS version 27 application. The results of the study showed that: (1) there was a significant effect of the Problem-Based Learning model with ELIKOSIS media on the IPAS ecoliteracy skills of elementary school students, (2) there was a significant effect of Problem-Based Learning with ELIKOSIS media on the IPAS learning outcomes of elementary school students.

Factors Associated with Chronic Macrovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly in The Coastal Community of Konawe Islands

/in /by

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Long-term, uncontrolled hyperglycemia can trigger macrovascular complications, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, significantly increasing morbidity and mortality.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze factors associated with chronic macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly people in coastal communities in the Konawe Islands Regency.

Methods: This study was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was all 256 elderly people with type 2 DM in the period January–September 2025. A sample of 160 respondents was selected using simple random sampling and met the inclusion criteria. Independent variables included duration of diabetes, obesity, blood sugar control, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and physical activity. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman rank test and logistic regression.

Results: Factors significantly associated with macrovascular complications were duration of diabetes mellitus (p=0.00), obesity (p=0.032), dyslipidemia (p=0.000), hypertension (p=0.001), and physical activity (p=0.045). Meanwhile, blood sugar control showed no significant association (p=0.114). The R-square value of 0.500 indicates that half of the variation in complication incidence can be explained by the studied variables.

Conclusion: Duration of diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and physical activity are associated with the occurrence of macrovascular complications in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Efforts to prevent and control these risk factors need to be increased to reduce the burden of complications in the elderly population in coastal areas.