An Embedded System Approach for Real-Time Attendance and Hall Occupancy Management Using Arduino and GSM Technologies

Efficient monitoring of hall occupancy and attendance is crucial in contemporary institutional settings for ensuring safety, facilitating planning, and optimizing resources. This paper details the design and implementation of a real-time attendance and hall management system leveraging embedded system technologies. The system employs a dual infrared (IR) sensor configuration for directional entry-exit detection, an ultrasonic sensor for proximity validation, an I²C-based LCD for real-time occupancy display, and a GSM module for SMS alerts when the hall reaches maximum capacity. The Arduino Uno microcontroller serves as the system’s control unit, integrating sensor inputs and executing logical decisions. Tests conducted in the Nyesom Wike Senate Building at Rivers State University demonstrated the system’s capability to monitor up to 20 occupants with an accuracy rate of 98.7%. This system provides a cost-effective and scalable solution for managing public hall capacity, mitigating overcrowding, and enhancing institutional safety.