Comparison of Microscopic Accuracy, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) in Malaria Diagnosis: A Literature Review

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Malaria is an infectious disease that remains a global public health problem, especially in tropical and subtropical countries such as Indonesia. This disease is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. According to the 2024 World Malaria Report, there were approximately 249 million cases of malaria and 597,000 deaths worldwide, with Indonesia accounting for approximately 1.8 million cases or 46% of the total cases in Southeast Asia. This condition shows that malaria is still a major challenge in the national health system, especially in endemic areas such as Papua, Nusa Tenggara, and parts of Kalimantan. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of malaria is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality rates. Peripheral blood microscopy is still considered the gold standard because it can identify Plasmodium species and assess the degree of parasitemia, but its sensitivity decreases in infections with low parasite density. Advances in diagnostic methods have led to the development of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs), which detect specific parasite antigens and provide rapid results, although the results can be affected by HRP2 gene mutations and reagent storage conditions. Furthermore, molecular methods such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) offer the highest sensitivity with the ability to detect up to 0.25–5 parasites/µL, but require advanced laboratory facilities. The latest innovation, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP), can amplify parasite DNA at a constant temperature of 60–65°C without a thermal cycler, with sensitivity and specificity reaching 95–99%. Therefore, this literature review highlights that a combination of conventional and molecular methods is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy and support malaria elimination efforts in Indonesia.

Attitude of Students towards E-learning and its Impact on their Study Habits: A Meta-Analysis

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Students’ attitude regarding e-learning and it’s impact on their study habits have undergone a lot of changes because of the rapid introduction of e-learning into educational systems. In order to examine the relationship between students’ perception of e-learning and their study habits, this meta-analysis collects and reviews data from empirical studies published between 2010 and 2025. Qualitative case studies, cross-sectional surveys, quasi-experimental designs, correlational research, and mixed-methods investigations are some of the methodological approaches employed in the reviewed studies. The studies additionally employ research instruments like validated attitude scales, semi-structured interviews, and structured questionnaires. The overall findings reveal generally good attitude of students towards e-learning, with many studies demonstrating notable improvements in study habits and academic engagement because of e-learning integration. These improvements include improved motivation, efficient time management, and adaptive learning techniques made possible by AI and digital tools. However, some studies demonstrate the intricate effects of e-learning environments by addressing issues with technology restraints and various degrees of student preparedness. The results highlight the need for educational interventions that promote positive attitudes toward e-learning and support effective study methods for greater academic success in digital learning environments.

The Variation of Bilingual Outdoor Signs in Tourist Attractions in Gianyar, Bali

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This research investigates the linguistic landscape (LL) of tourists attractions in Gianyar, Bali, focusing on the variation and visibility of bilingual publi c or outdoor signs in Indonesian and English. The research aims to identify the distribution of top-down and bottom-up signs and analyze their construction within the sociolinguistic context of multilingualism. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach with data collected through observation, photography, and note-taking, the research draws on Landry and Bourhis’ (1997) framework of LL, supported by Gorter (2006). 

The findings reveal 415 public or outdoor signs across 61 tourist attractions, categorized into five linguistic landscape of cultural, village, nature, museum, and artificial sites. Bottom-up signs predominate, indicating a strong influence of individual and commercial agency in shaping the multilingual visual space. The research underscores the symbolic and informative functions of bilingual outdoor signs and highlights the significance of LL as a medium of cultural identity negotiation in Bali’s tourism context.

How Does Feeling Appreciated Enhance Educational Institutional Performance?

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Job equalisation is considered a bureaucratic simplification to make it more agile and dynamic. It turns out that for some functional officials, this process has progressed beyond the normal process. The purpose of this study is to explore how human resources in educational organisations undergoing job equalisation still feel valued and appreciated.

In this study, a naturalistic qualitative paradigm was used, combined with a descriptive approach. This approach was chosen because of its perceived ability to understand social phenomena, particularly sequences of events, from an internal perspective. Face-to-face interviews and several direct WhatsApp messages were used to collect primary data from seven informants. As the study findings indicate, organisational policies have not prioritised the development of human resources or granted job equality. The budget for human resource self-development has not yet demonstrated the impact of job equalisation. After the job equalisation process is complete, they are still recognised for their efforts in their previous work rhythms and not yet in their new positions.

Work–Family Conflict and Employee Mental Health: A Systematic Literature Review on the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support

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Work–family conflict (WFC) remains one of the most persistent predictors of psychological strain in modern organizations, with empirical evidence indicating that employees experiencing high WFC exhibit elevated levels of anxiety, burnout, depressive symptoms, and overall mental health deterioration. This systematic literature review investigates two decades of peer-reviewed studies to clarify the magnitude and mechanisms through which WFC affects mental health outcomes, and to evaluate whether perceived organizational support (POS) functions as an effective moderating resource. Using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, publications from 2000–2025 were synthesized across databases including Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect. Findings reveal that WFC consistently predicts deteriorated mental health with medium-to-large effect sizes (β ranging from 0.30 to 0.55 across samples). POS demonstrates a protective function in most studies, reducing the negative psychological impact of WFC by approximately 18–35%, depending on organizational context and support climate. Studies employing conservation of resources theory and job demands–resources models provide strong evidence that POS buffers emotional exhaustion and psychological distress by expanding employees’ access to social and structural resources. Despite consistent findings, gaps remain: limited cross-cultural comparisons, inconsistent operational definitions of POS, and methodological overreliance on cross-sectional designs. This review highlights the need for longitudinal and multilevel designs to better capture the moderating pathways of POS.

Determinants of Employee Mental Health in Contemporary Work Environments: A Systematic Literature Review

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Mental health has become a critical dimension of workforce sustainability as contemporary organizations confront rising job demands, digital acceleration, and shifting work structures. This systematic literature review synthesizes empirical evidence on determinants of employee mental health from 25 internationally published and peer-reviewed articles spanning 2000–2025. Literature retrieval was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals using Boolean operators such as (“employee mental health” OR “psychological well-being” OR “occupational mental health”) AND (“job demands” OR “technostress” OR “workload” OR “leadership” OR “organizational climate”). The initial search identified 1,872 records. After duplicate removal, title–abstract screening, full-text assessment, and methodological filtering based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 25 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis.

The findings reveal three dominant clusters of determinants: individual factors, job-related factors, and organizational-level conditions. Individual determinants—such as psychological capital, coping strategies, personality traits, and resilience—shape susceptibility to stress and burnout. Job-related determinants, including workload intensity, role ambiguity, emotional labor, digital work intensification, and technostress, consistently predict psychological strain. Organizational determinants, particularly leadership style, organizational justice, social support, perceived fairness, and work–life policy structures, demonstrated the strongest influence on employee well-being, with supportive climates significantly mitigating anxiety, burnout, and depressive symptoms. Newer evidence also highlights constant connectivity, algorithmic management, and remote-work demands as emerging psychosocial risks that redefine mental-health conditions in contemporary workplaces.

Overall, the review indicates that employee mental health is a multidimensional outcome shaped by interdependent determinants. These insights underscore the need for integrative organizational interventions and more longitudinal, multilevel research to capture the evolving complexities of modern work.

Digital Twin Technologies in Urban Systems: Integration with Telecommunications for Smart City Development

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This paper examines the role of digital twin technologies in urban infrastructure management and smart city development, focusing on their integration with modern telecommunications systems. It reveals the potential of digital twins for real-time monitoring, network optimization, predictive maintenance, and improved service quality. The international best practices and the present technological landscape in Bulgaria are analysed in order to find opportunities for implementing digital twins in cities such as Sofia.

Comparative Corporate Responses to Climate Risk: ESG Integration in New Zealand Businesses

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This study investigates the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles into corporate strategy amo ng New Zealand businesses, focusing on their responses to climate-related risks. Despite the global proliferation of ESG research, evidence from small, open economies like New Zealand remains limited, particularly in the context of recent regulatory mandates such as the 2023 mandatory climate-related financial disclosures introduced by the Financial Markets Authority (FMA). Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative analysis of ESG scores, disclosure indicators, and financial performance metrics for NZX-listed firms between 2018 and 2025 with qualitative multiple case studies across the energy, agriculture, and finance sectors. Results reveal a positive relationship between ESG integration and financial outcomes, including return on assets, market valuation, and operational resilience. Sectoral analyses indicate that technology and finance firms exhibit the highest ESG maturity, while agriculture and energy sectors demonstrate moderate adoption, often constrained by resource limitations and compliance-driven approaches. Qualitative findings highlight the critical role of governance mechanisms, stakeholder engagement, and strategic alignment in converting ESG adoption into meaningful organizational benefits. The study identifies regulatory frameworks, dynamic capabilities, and internal governance as key enablers of effective ESG integration, while emphasizing that early adoption provides a competitive advantage in managing climate risks. Limitations include reliance on secondary ESG data and a focus on publicly listed firms, suggesting the need for future research encompassing SMEs and longitudinal analyses. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of ESG integration in small, open economies and offers practical insights for policymakers and corporate managers seeking to enhance resilience and sustainable value creation in the face of climate change.

The water-tourism nexus in the island of Crete, Greece

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The island of Crete, Greece is located in eastern Mediterranean region which is characterized by limited water resources. It hosts more than 6 million of tourists every year who consume large quantities of water during their vacations. The study of the interdependence between water and tourism industry in Mediterranean islands with limited water resources is important for their prosperity. Their nexus in Crete has been investigated based on existing data regarding water consumption and the local tourism industry. The share of direct water use in tourism in the total water consumption in Crete has been estimated and compared with other tourism destinations. Tourism industry affects water resources in Crete while water is a basic resource in tourism industry. The share of direct water demand in tourism to total water consumption in the island, at 3.06%, is above the global average, at 0.6%. The high share of direct water demand in tourism industry to total water consumption in Crete, the expected future increase in tourists’ arrivals and the future reduction of water resources due to climate change indicates that improved management of water resources is necessary to avoid water shortages and water-related conflicts. Our results could be useful to public authorities and private bodies related to tourism industry and water use in the island.

Stakeholder’s Involvement and Teachers’ Retention in Budadiri East Private Secondary Schools in Sironko District, Uganda

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The study examined the relationship between stakeholders’ involvement and teachers’ retention in private secondary schools in Budadiri East constituency in Sironko district, Uganda.  Specifically, the study examined the relationship between stakeholders’ involvement in planning; resource mobilization; and monitoring and teachers’ retention in private secondary schools. A sequential explanatory design and was both quantitative and qualitative in nature. A total of 141 respondents was drawn from a population of 147. On distribution, 125 Questionnaires and all the 12 interview sessions were conducted and used to collect data; Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics as well as thematic narratives. The study found a very strong positive and statistically significant relationship between stakeholders’ involvement in planning and teachers’ retention in private secondary schools (r=0.988, n=125, p<0.05); a very strong positive and statistically significant relationship between stakeholders’ involvement in resource mobilization and teachers’ retention in private secondary schools (r=0.993, n=125, p<0.05); and extremely strong positive and statistically significant relationship between stakeholders’ involvement in monitoring and teachers’ retention in private secondary schools (r=0.994, n=125, p<0.05). It was concluded that when stakeholders get actively involved in planning, resource mobilization, and monitoring, teachers’ retention significantly improves in private secondary schools in Budadiri East constituency in Sironko District. The study recommends enactment of policies that mandate inclusive planning processes, development frameworks, formation of dedicated teams, and collaborative identification of funding opportunities.