Developing of a Teaching Module Based on Guided Discovery Learning Assisted by Augmented Reality (AR) on polyhedra Material for Students’ Conceptual Understanding in Phase D

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This study aims to address the issue of students’ low conceptual understanding in geometry learning, particularly in the topic of polyhedra, which tends to be abstract. Many students struggle to visualize three-dimensional shapes due to the lack of interactive, student-centered learning media. To overcome this challenge, a teaching module based on Guided Discovery Learning, supported by Augmented Reality (AR) with GeoGebra, was developed to enhance students’ mathematical conceptual understanding. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). Data were collected through validation sheets, classroom observations, learning style questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and pre-test and post-test assessments. The results showed that the developed teaching module was valid, practical, and effective. The instrument validation scores for the teaching module were 4.47, for the LKPD (student worksheet) 4.30, and for the pre-test and post-test questions 4.40, all categorized as valid. Practicality was indicated by an implementation observation score of 4.47 (high category) and a positive student response rate of 87%. The module’s effectiveness was evidenced by a classical mastery percentage of 80.9% and an N-Gain score of 0.7 (moderate category), indicating a significant improvement in students’ conceptual understanding of polyhedra under the Kurikulum Merdeka. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the Guided Discovery Learning-based teaching module, supported by Augmented Reality, be used as an innovative alternative for geometry instruction to improve students’ mathematical conceptual understanding of the topic of polyhedra.

The Intracavitary Compass: Intracavitary Electrogram Guided Temporary Pacing when Fluoroscopy is Unavailable

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Temporary transvenous pacemaker (TPM) placement without fluoroscopy is typically guided solely by surface electrocardiogram (ECG), a technique lacking anatomical precision and associated with procedural risks. We describe a safer alternative based on continuous intracavitary electrogram (I-EGM) monitoring, obtained directly from the pacing lead during implantation. In a patient with complete atrioventricular block and urgent indication for renal replacement therapy, we used an active-fixation lead to allow real-time correlation between lead progression under fluoroscopic visualization and intracavitary electrogram signals. We were able to accurately identify the lead’s passage through the right atrium, right ventricle, and its endocardial contact point prior to final fixation. This technique, which we refer to as the “intracavitary compass,” enhances both safety and accuracy in temporary pacemaker placement, particularly in settings where fluoroscopy is unavailable.

Marketing Challenges Faced by Agri and Allied Startups: A Study on Selective Organisations in Madhya Pradesh

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In the evolving landscape of agribusiness, understanding the marketing challenges faced by agri and allied startups is essential for fostering sustainable growth and innovation. This research delves into the complex interplay of economic, social, and technological factors that impede the marketing efforts of these nascent enterprises in Madhya Pradesh. By examining selective organizations within the region, the study aims to identify key barriers and enablers specific to the agri startup ecosystem. Initial findings indicate that inadequate access to funding and resources significantly hampers marketing initiatives, restricting startups from implementing comprehensive marketing strategies (Lawrence OU, 2025). Furthermore, the lack of market intelligence and understanding of consumer preferences obstructs these organizations from effectively positioning their products and services within a competitive marketplace (Khalisha A et al., 2025). A crucial aspect of the research involves evaluating the role of digital marketing platforms which, despite having emerged as critical tools for connecting with consumers, remain underutilized by many agricultural startups due to limited technological expertise (K Morin et al., 2024). The study highlights the need for targeted training programs that equip entrepreneurs with the knowledge required to leverage these platforms efficiently. Additionally, the uniqueness of cultural and regional contexts in Madhya Pradesh necessitates tailored marketing strategies rather than a one-size-fits-all approach commonly employed by larger firms (Maulana FR, 2024). Market segmentation also reveals significant insights; locally produced goods often compete with well-established brands that dominate consumer preferences, leading to a challenge in brand recognition and loyalty for these startups (K Morin et al., 2023). With consumers increasingly inclined towards sustainability, startups have an opportunity to capitalize on this trend by emphasizing organic and environmentally friendly practices in their marketing campaigns (Elragal R et al., 2024). However, the research uncovers that many startups struggle to communicate these value propositions effectively, leading to missed market opportunities (Ahmed NZA-A et al., 2024).Moreover, challenges pertaining to supply chain management and logistics further complicate marketing efforts. Inconsistent product quality and delivery issues can undermine customer trust and satisfaction, critical factors that influence long-term business viability (Kountios G et al., 2023). Understanding these logistical hurdles and developing robust supply chain strategies will be paramount for agri startups aiming to enhance their market outreach (Neves MF et al., 2020). The study employs a mixed-method approach, incorporating qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys from selected agribusiness startups in Madhya Pradesh. This dual approach not only enriches the data but also allows for a comprehensive analysis of the marketing challenges faced (Dr.Mishra A, 2025). Field interviews revealed that many entrepreneurs express a desire for stronger networks with industry stakeholders, which could facilitate knowledge sharing and collaborative efforts in marketing (Neves MF et al., 2020). Such collaboration may prove beneficial, as it encourages joint marketing endeavors and resource sharing among startups, amplifying their competitive advantage (R Balaji et al., 2023).Finally, the research concludes by suggesting strategic pathways for these organizations to navigate their marketing challenges more effectively. It emphasizes the importance of developing a coherent marketing strategy that integrates innovative practices with a deep understanding of the local market dynamics (Weerasekera S, 2023). By fostering a culture of adaptability and resilience, agri startups can not only overcome existing hurdles but also leverage their unique positioning in the market to achieve sustainable growth (Kaur R et al., 2023). Overall, the findings of this study underscore the urgent need for more comprehensive support systems that empower agri startups, ultimately leading to a more robust agricultural sector in Madhya Pradesh (Pant M et al., 2023). In sum, this research contributes critical insights into the myriad marketing challenges faced by agri and allied startups, providing a foundation for future studies that can explore additional dimensions of this vibrant yet struggling sector. By addressing these challenges, stakeholders can better support the emergence of successful agricultural enterprises in the region, fostering overall economic development (Iliyas M, 2023)(María Ancín et al., 2022)(Alobid M et al., 2022)(Sexton A et al., 2022)(Robert M Chiles et al., 2021)(Yogesh K Dwivedi et al., 2020).

Contribution of The Catholic Church to Financial Resources and Infrastructural Development of Secondary Schools in Kenya: A Case Study of Kisii Central Sub – County

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The Kenya’s Basic Education Act 2013 empowers religious sponsors to participate in management of schools that they sponsor with regard to appointment of principals, provision of instructional, financial and infrastructural development of  the schools. In Kisii Central Sub-County, the Catholic Church participates in management of 29(39.7%) secondary schools. However, queries were being raised on the current contribution of the church as it had come to the fore that most sponsored schools were experiencing crises that had tended to be linked to the church’s participation in management.  For instance, out of 29 principals in the sub-county, 18 (62.07%) new principals; 23 (79.31%) deputy principals and 5 (17.24%) BOM chair persons were rejected by the church from assuming their positions between 2010 – 2013 in the Sub-County which was higher compared to neighbouring Sub-Counties, that is, Marani 1(4.54%) and Kisii South 2 (7.41%) Principals; while Masaba 3 (12%) and Sameta 3 (13.04%) both involving Board of Management. The objectives of the study were to determine the contribution of the Catholic Church to financial resources and ascertain the contribution of the Catholic Church to infrastructural development to management of public secondary schools in Kisii Central Sub – County. The findings of this  study were  that  the Catholic Church contribution to financial support for administrative staff, motivation and student bursaries was 27.7%; Infrastructural development in terms of provision for classrooms and land was 36.4%. this implies that the Catholic Church contribution to financial resources and infrastructural resources was critical and acknowledged by the School Boards of Management.

Contribution of The Catholic Church to Instructional Resources and Appointment of School Administrators in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya. A study across Public Secondary Schools in Kisii Central Sub – County

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Kenya’s Legislation on Basic Education directs religious sponsors to participate in appointment of principals and provision of instructional materials to schools. In Kisii Central Sub-County, the Catholic Church participates in management of 29(39.7%) secondary schools. However, queries were being raised on the current contribution of the church as it had come to the fore that most sponsored schools were experiencing crises that had tended to be linked to the church’s participation in school management.  For instance, out of 29 principals in the sub-county, 18 (62.07%) new principals; 23 (79.31%) deputy principals and 5 (17.24%) BOM chair persons were rejected by the church from assuming their positions between 2010 – 2013 in the Sub-County which was higher compared to neighbouring Sub-Counties, that is, Marani 1(4.54%) and Kisii South 2 (7.41%) Principals; while Masaba 3 (12%) and Sameta 3 (13.04%) both involving Board of Management. The objectives of the study were to establish the contribution of Catholic Church to instructional resources and to find out the contribution of the Catholic Church in appointment of school administrators to management positions of public secondary schools in Kisii Central Sub – County. The  findings of this study  indicated that the Catholic Church contribution to instructional resources was 50.8% in terms of laboratory  equipment, text books and teaching materials  and appointment of school administrators was 25%. This had positive influence on management Quality Index.

Relationship between Teacher Identified Regulation, Teacher Introjected regulation, Teacher External Regulation and Student Academic performance in Kenya: A study across Secondary Schools in Gem Sub County

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Studies on teacher motivation in Pakistan and Zambia indicate low teacher motivation resulting to low student academic performance. In Kenya, low teacher motivation was found in Masaba South Sub-County, Ugenya Sub-County and Gem Sub-County which also resulted to low student academic performance. A preliminary survey conducted in five poorly performed schools in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examination in Gem Sub-County revealed that between 2011-2013 absenteeism was reported in 4 (80%) schools, lack of co-operation from teachers 3(60%) schools, lateness 4 (80%) schools, missing classes 5 (100%) schools and resignation from teaching 1(20%) school. Gem Sub-County also experienced low student academic performance between 2011 – 2013 with a mean of 5.231, lower than Ugenya, Siaya, and Ugunja Sub-Counties with a mean of 6.023, 5.904 and 5.350 respectively for the same period in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examination. The Objectives of the study were to establish the   relationship between teacher identified regulation, teacher introjected regulation, teacher external regulation and student academic performance. The study revealed that   Teacher identified regulation had a weak, positive but not significant relationship with student academic performance (r =.177; N=110; p>.05) while teacher introjected regulation and external regulation were found to have weak, negative but not significant relationship with student academic performance (r =-.086; N=110; p=>.05) and (r =-.146; N=110; p >.05) respectively. The study concluded that teacher identified regulation, teacher introjected regulation, teacher external regulation and student academic performance did not have significant relationship with student academic performance. This means that the three variables were not a source of motivation for students academic performance, despite the fact that they are expected to motivate learners in academic performance.  The findings of this study would inform the stakeholders in education in coming up with strategist to enhance teacher motivation so as to improve student academic performance.

The Influence of Product Innovation and Customer Satisfaction Level on Repurchase Intention: A Study on the Markikas Kitchen Catering Culinary Business in Makassar City

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This study aims to determine the effect of product innovation on repurchase intention mediated by customer satisfaction at Catering Markikas Kitchen. The study uses a descriptive quantitative method (Path Analysis) and uses Smart-PLS as a test tool. In the research sample through probability sampling techniques, simple random sampling of a population of 298 and a sample of 100 respondents who are classified as Catering Markikas Kitchen customers. The results of the direct effect analysis show that product innovation has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention and customer satisfaction. In addition, the results of the indirect effect analysis show that product innovation has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention through customer satisfaction. Suggestions that can be given to Catering Markikas Kitchen business owners are to continue to innovate but still maintain the taste and quality of the product. However, other factors must be considered to continue to support customer satisfaction and create repurchase intention.

Awareness Among Girls Regarding Immunity Management Proposed by The Ministry of Ayush During Covid-19

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The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of a strong immune system. Governments across the world, including India, sought preventive solutions through traditional remedies. In India, the Ministry of AYUSH issued immunity-boosting dietary guidelines based on Ayurveda and other traditional systems. This article presents an analytical study on the awareness of adolescent, undergraduate, and postgraduate girls regarding AYUSH-recommended dietary management during COVID-19. It explores their knowledge, consumption habits, sources of information, and understanding of the preparation and quantity of proposed food items. The findings reveal that although many girls consumed AYUSH-recommended foods, awareness regarding their correct usage was limited. The study calls for structured awareness campaigns and educational programs to promote informed health behavior among young women.

Entrepreneurship Training, Entrepreneurial Management, and Product Competitiveness: An Empirical Study of Small and Medium Micro Enterprises

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Entrepreneurship Training through Entrepreneurial Management on Product Competitiveness in MSMEs. The approach used in this study is Quantitative explanatory and descriptive methods. The population of the study was MSMEs that had participated in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial management training organized by the Sidenreng Rappang Regency Trade and Industry Office. The sample used was census sampling, all populations were made into the same sample of 40 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and analyzed with the help of the Structural Equation Modeling application using the Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) Version 4.00 method. Seen from the results of data processing through SEM-PLS. The results of the direct effect analysis showed that entrepreneurship training had a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial management and product competitiveness. While the indirect effect test showed that entrepreneurship training had a positive and significant effect on product competitiveness through entrepreneurial management as a mediating variable. Thus, all hypotheses proposed in this study can be accepted.

Development of Learning Tools Assisted by Lumio By Smart to Improve Mathematical Problem Solving Ability

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This study aims to describe the process and results of the development of learning tools assisted by Lumio by SMART on flat building material to improve the mathematical problem solving skills of junior high school students in grade VII. At Sunan Kalijogo Junior High School, students’ ability to solve varied geometry problems is still low. Students tend to focus on the end result without understanding the solution strategy, so they are only able to solve the problems that are modelled by the teacher. This research uses the 4D development model. The validation results showed the device was very valid (score 3.71). The learning was well implemented, student activeness reached 93.6%, and student response was 90.71%. Classical completeness reached 89.4% with ability improvement in the moderate to high category. The independent sample t-test resulted in a significance of 0.000 (<0.05), showing a significant difference between the experimental and control classes. Thus, the device developed was declared valid, practical, and effective. The implementation of the device also increased the involvement and motivation of seventh grade students of Sunan Klijogo Junior High School, as well as creating a collaborative learning environment and supporting a significant increase in mathematical problem solving ability. This research can be a reference for the development of innovative learning, and is recommended to be applied to other materials to improve mathematical problem solving skills.