Quantum Cryptography for Fintech Systems – A Comprehensive Review with AI-Assisted Analysis of Current Landscape, Challenges, and Future Directions

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The financial sector faces escalating cybersecurity threats, exacerbated by the potential emergence of quantum computers capable of compromising widely used classical cryptographic methods. The paper includes an AI-enhanced general review on the use of quantum cryptography to secure financial transactions. Using machine learning methods to assess the principles, potential, and constraints to Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and PostQuantum Cryptography (PQC), the review is an improvement of the existing view of the current state of quantumsafe technologies. The opportunities and challenges in adopting these technologies in the key financial services, such as banking, digital payments, and blockchain, are analyzed. It has been identified that a hybrid approach that utilizes both QKD to perform secure key exchange and PQC to protect data over the long term can be considered an effective strategy. The review ends by identifying the main future research opportunities and the necessity of standardized, cost-efficient, and scalable quantum security solutions, guided by AI-informed insights, to protect the financial sector against future quantum attacks.

The Impact of Gross Domestic Product and Economic Growth on Tax Revenues in Five Asean Countries

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The study was conducted to determine the impact of gross domestic product and economic growth on tax revenues in five ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Considering the importance of the influence of a country’s gross domestic product and economic growth in maximizing tax revenues, which are the main source of revenue in developing countries. In this study, variables for gross national product, economic growth, and tax revenues were used. This study used derived data and was analyzed using the Eviews app. The results of this study show that gross domestic growth and gross economic growth have a positive and significant impact on tax revenues at the same time. Gross domestic product has a positive and significant impact on tax revenues. Variable economic growth also has a positive and significant effect on tax revenues. In order to maximize tax revenue, each country’s government has strived to find different ways to increase tax revenues, such as tax reform, cooperation with ASEAN countries, improving tax administrations through a digitalization system to facilitate tax payment and reporting.

Failure to Thrive in an 18-Month-Old Female Infant with Rickets: A Case Report

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: Undetected vitamin D deficiency can lead to severe complications such as Rickets in infants. This case report describes an unusual case of an 18-month-old female infant who presented with failure to thrive early in infancy and was later diagnosed with Rickets. The infant initially presented with failure to thrive, labs were ordered, and findings demonstrated low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Radiographic imaging of the knee was ordered and showed transverse sclerotic metaphyseal bands involving the distal femoral metaphysis and portion of the proximal tibial metaphysis, findings consistent with untreated rickets. A thorough investigation was conducted to determine the primary cause of the vitamin D deficiency, identifying the primary cause as nutritional deficiency. Per endocrinology, the patient was started on cholecalciferol 800 IU daily with dietary changes. This case emphasizes the importance of checking vitamin D levels in all pediatric patients who present with failure to thrive.

Design and Construction of the Standard Inverse and Constant Time Overcurrent Relay Simulator Based on Arduino

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Overcurrent relay as one of the protection systems in the electricity distribution network has been improved in performance through the implementation of microcontrollers. To simulate the work of overcurrent relays, an Arduino module based on Atmega328P can be used to study the working algorithm of overcurrent relays. This research aims to design and build  an Arduino-based overcurrent relay simulator  with two working time characteristics, namely standard inverse and constant time. The simulator is equipped with a CT-based current sensor and a PZEM-004T module to read the current, as well as using a 20×4 I2C LCD and  a 4×4 Keypad as the user interface. Once the simulator is designed, the next step is testing to measure the accuracy of the sensor readings and the performance of the relay at various variations of current and timing settings. The test is performed at a voltage of 220 Volt Alternating Current (AC) and at a variety of current variations i.e., 0.5 A, 1 A and 1.5 A currents.  The test results showed that the system was able to work according to the characteristics of standard inverse and constant time with an average  error of measurement of the relay working time  of less than 2% for standard inverse and 0% for constant time. This proves that this Arduino-based overcurrent protection system is accurate and responsive.

Core Revenue of the State: The Opportunities and Challenges of State Revenue Authority (SRA) Establishment in Indonesia

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This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of the opportunities and challenges surrounding the establishment of a State Revenue Authority (SRA) board for Indonesia. Drawing on comparative experiences across Latin America, Africa, and Asia, the review identifies how board structures can enhance strategic oversight, digital transformation, data governance, and integrity safeguards in revenue administration. Evidence suggests that boards add value when their mandates are clear, their composition is diverse and professional, and accountability is institutionalized through transparent reporting and performance metrics. However, autonomy alone does not guarantee stronger outcomes; revenue performance is shaped by the interaction of policy design, administrative capability, and service quality. For Indonesia, stabilizing the Core Tax Administration System (CTAS), embedding data governance under the Satu Data Indonesia and Personal Data Protection frameworks, and institutionalizing integrity measures emerge as near-term priorities. The findings contribute to global debates on tax administration reform while offering practical guidance for policymakers navigating fiscal modernization in Indonesia.

Correlation Analysis of Morphometric Traits and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for Selection of Female Bali Cattle in East Kalimantan

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Bali cattle is one of Indonesia’s native germplasm sources for meat supply. This study aimed to characterize basic morphometric traits, analyze the relationships among morphometric traits, and identify potential regions as superior breeding stock for female Bali cattle. The research was conducted from December 2024 to March 2025 across six regions in East Kalimantan Province, involving a total of 251 female Bali cattle aged 12 and 24 months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan’s test, Pearson correlation, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Correlation analysis indicated strong to very strong relationships among body measurements and morphometric indices. A high correlation was found between Chest Girth (CG) and Chest Index (CI) (r = 0.86) as well as Body Length (BL) (r = 0.74). Body Length (BL) showed a strong correlation with Length Index (LI) (r = 0.82) and with Proportion Index (PI) (r = 0.50). PCA analysis revealed two principal components for 12-month-old cattle: PC1 (BL; CG; LI) at 53.6% and PC2 (PI; LI) at 28.5%. The principal components at 24 months showed PC1 (CG; BL; CI]) at 50.5% and PC2 (PI; LI) at 32.2%. The PCA analysis explained more than 82% of the variation, with chest girth (CG) and body length (BL) consistently emerging as dominant variables. All cattle met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) criteria for female Bali cattle breeding stock.

Core State Revenue: Reconstructing the Policy of Centralization of State Revenue Management and Ease of Doing Business in Indonesia (A Systematic Literature Review)

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This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of 58 academic and policy sources published between 2019 and 2025 to analyze the centralization of state revenue management and its implications for the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) in Indonesia. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the review integrates evidence from peer-reviewed journals, government publications, and international organization reports. Findings indicate that legal reforms, particularly Law No. 1/2022, and the deployment of the Core Tax Administration System (CTAS) are pivotal in harmonizing tax administration, improving compliance, and enhancing fiscal transparency. Comparative international experiences suggest that technological integration and function-based organizational restructuring can yield significant revenue gains, with projections indicating a 2–3 percentage point increase in the tax-to-GDP ratio by 2027. Additionally, centralization is expected to reduce compliance times, improve EoDB indicators, and boost investor confidence. However, the literature cautions against risks of over-centralization, institutional capacity gaps, and regional disengagement. The study concludes that a “controlled centralization” model, combining national coherence with regional inclusivity, offers the most sustainable path forward. Recommendations for future research include longitudinal impact studies, comparative analyses, and qualitative assessments of taxpayer experiences.

Digital Integration and Institutional Trust: The Mediating Role of E-Government Transparency in Enhancing Citizen Satisfaction

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: Digital transformation in local governance has increasingly been positioned as a catalyst for building public trust and enhancing citizen satisfaction. However, empirical evidence on how digital integration translates into trust-based outcomes through transparency mechanisms remains underexplored, particularly in developing-country contexts. This study examines the mediating roles of e-government transparency and institutional trust in linking digital integration to citizen satisfaction within decentralized governance structures.

Using data from 280 active users of integrated digital services in Malang City, Indonesia, collected between August and September 2025, this research employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test a sequential mediation model. Findings reveal that digital integration significantly enhances e-government transparency (β = 0.51, p < 0.001), which in turn fosters institutional trust (β = 0.48, p < 0.001). Institutional trust emerges as the strongest predictor of citizen satisfaction (β = 0.62, p < 0.001), with full mediation confirmed via bootstrapping.

The study contributes to digital government literature by demonstrating that technology-enabled transparency functions as a trust-building mechanism rather than merely an information disclosure tool. Theoretically, the research extends trust-based governance frameworks by positioning e-government transparency as an interactive accountability interface that bridges technological capability and citizen confidence. Practically, the findings suggest that local governments should prioritize digital platforms that enable real-time monitoring, two-way communication, and responsive feedback systems to cultivate sustained institutional trust.

Impact of FinTech Adoption on Financial Inclusion among Small and Medium Enterprises in Sri Lanka: A Mediated Moderation Analysis of Digital Financial Literacy and Perceived Regulatory Support

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Despite the increasing number of available digital financial technologies, the financial inclusion of Small and Medium Enterprises has remained a problem in developing countries, including Sri Lanka. Based on this, the paper assesses various factors influencing the adoption of FinTech as per the Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Security, and Trust on the financial inclusion of SMEs in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, as well as the moderating effects from Digital Financial Literacy and Perceived Regulatory Support. The sample comprised 160 SME owners and managers who were purposively selected to ensure their prior knowledge of FinTech services. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection, while descriptive statistics, correlation, regression analysis, and PROCESS macro for mediation and moderation were performed. The results indicated that all the factors that influence FinTech adoption have a positive significant effect on SMEs financial inclusion: PEOU (β = 0.253, p < 0.01), PU (β = 0.167, p < 0.01), PS (β = 0.422, p < 0.01), and T (β = 0.167, p < 0.01). Nonetheless, DFL at 95% CI = –0.3817 to –0.0309 with an effect = –0.2097 did not have any significant moderating effect, as did PRS, β = –0.0466, p = 0.119. The study concludes that FinTech adoption is indeed a strong driver of financial inclusion, and neither the perceptions of regulatory support nor DFL significantly alter this relationship either positively or negatively. Practical implications of the findings are addressed to the FinTech providers, regulators, and managers of SMEs, since they will be capable of devising friendly and safe digital financial solutions, and further engage the less-than-fully-engaged FinTech platform users, thus pushing the needle on financial inclusion in underbanked areas forward.

Tax Incentive Policy for National Economic Recovery in the Tourism Industry Sector in Indonesia

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The national economy dynamics are influenced by various factors, including the global pandemic such as Covid-19. Indonesian tourism industry sector as the third largest source of foreign exchange (after the oil and gas sector, and palm oil exports) experienced a very significant decline as a result of the pandemic. The government, through relevant ministries, created various policies and took concrete steps to save the Indonesian tourism sector. Using socio-legal methods, this study aims to explain the urgency of tax incentive policies and their implementation for the economic recovery of the tourism sector after the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of the study are: 1) The urgency of tax incentive policies is for the economic recovery of the tourism industry sector considering that the tourism sector is a pillar industry in Indonesia that has great value and benefits for local and global economic development; and 2) The implementation of tax incentives for the economic recovery of the tourism sector is the implementation of fiscal stimulus policies in the form of tourism grants and tax incentives for the tourism sector. Fiscal stimulus policies I to III are mitigation and anticipatory measures by the Government which are expected to be able to support the national economic recovery due to the Covid-19 pandemic. As a recommendation, the researcher considers the need for: 1) transparent and accountable accountability for the implementation of tax incentives for national economic recovery; 2) supervision by independent institutions and community initiatives regarding accountability for the implementation of tax incentive policies; and 3) evaluation of the implementation of tax incentive policies for more optimal disaster mitigation and anticipation.