GC-MS, FTIR, and HPLC analysis of Trichoderma sps, Rhizopus sps, and Aspergillus sps of Saraca asoca for anticancer molecules

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Endophytic fungi combined with medicinal plants are reservoirs of therapeutic compounds. These endophytes are considered one of the major sources of bioactive molecules used in different aspects of health care. The present study attempted to assess the possibility of using the endophytic extract. The study showed a complete endophytic extract by using the GC–MS profile, indicating the presence of different volatile molecules in the endophytic extract. The HPLC fingerprint of S. asoca endophytic extract represents the characteristic markers of this herb. The endophytic extract’s HPLC showed caffeine, a Ret Time [min]- 3.052, and a Width [min]- 0.1322. The FTIR analysis of the functional groups present in the Trichoderma sps are =C-H (Alkynes, Amides), O-H (Carboxylic acids), C=C(Alkynes), C=C (Aromatic compounds), C-F (Alkyl and Aryl Halides). These functional groups are used in the production of antibiotics and antifungal drugs. The GC-MS study of the endophytic extract showed the presence of 59 compounds, which possessed anticancer properties. The anticancer activity was studied further.

Exploring the Impact of AI on English Learning of Business English Juniors at Nguyen Tat Thanh University

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This study investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) influences the English‑learning processes of third‑year Business English majors at Nguyen Tat Thanh University (NTTU). A mixed‑methods design was employed, comprising an online survey (n = 34) and semi‑structured interviews (n = 15). Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 26, yielding Cronbach’s α = .984, and qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis. Students reported that AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Grammarly) enhanced personalized learning (44.1 %), provided instant feedback (17.6 %), and increased motivation (17.6 %). Interview themes highlighted efficiency gains, richer access to specialized Business English materials, and greater communicative confidence. These findings demonstrate AI’s pedagogical value in Business English instruction and suggest that integrating AI‑powered platforms can optimize curriculum design. Future research should compare AI‑mediated and traditional teaching to assess long‑term learning outcomes.

Comparison Study between Regulations Implementations in Indonesia and Thailand to Protect Women from Discrimination in the Workplace

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Women’s rights have become a focal point in a series of international conferences that have resulted in significant political commitments to human rights and gender equality. Women still face many challenges in their daily lives, including in the workplace. This research aims to provide an analysis of the position of working women in Indonesia and Thailand who experience discrimination in the workforce. By comparing a series of legal regulations that each of these countries has, particularly regarding the protection of female labour. Economic growth, which is also supported by the increasing participation of women in the workforce, is a strong reason why protection for women in the workplace must be prioritized by both countries. This research uses a normative legal method, which is a research method that involves investigating literature or secondary materials, namely laws regulated based on the rules contained in legislation or law used as a guide for behaviour in the daily lives of society. To complement the results of the writing, a qualitative approach is also used. The issues to be addressed in this study are the forms of legal regulations that govern female workers in Indonesia and Thailand to prevent discrimination, the role of law in promoting the empowerment of women working in Indonesia and Thailand, and the legal status of victims of discrimination against female workers in Indonesia and Thailand. The results of the research indicate that there are still many shortcomings in both countries in protecting their respective female workers. The role of the regulations provided by both Indonesia and Thailand has its own role in the effort to ensure protection for women in the workforce. Starting from regulations regarding wages, working hours, leave rights, and protection for women experiencing discrimination or harassment in the workplace. These regulations are made with the intention to be implemented in every field of work, both formal and informal, for women working in Indonesia and Thailand. The position of victims of discrimination in the workplace in both Indonesia and Thailand still faces various kinds of very concerning challenges. Despite the existence of a series of regulations specifically for this protection, they still do not receive justice commensurate with the authorities. Women victims of discrimination must continue to fight to ensure that they receive fair justice.

Analyzing the Impact of Fintech Development on Indonesia’s Economic Growth: The Mediating Role of the Financial Sector’s GDP

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Fintech is identified as an innovation in the financial services industry that applies digital technology to provide faster, simpler, and more efficient financial services. From a macroeconomic perspective, the rapid growth of fintech and its contribution to the financial sector could encourage economic growth in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the impact of fintech development on Indonesia’s economic growth through the financial sector’s GDP as a mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative method, utilizing quarterly data from 2018 to 2024, and conducts mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro Model 4 in SPSS. The results show that the number of fintech firms has no direct significant effect on economic growth; however, it does have a significant indirect influence on growth through the financial sector. Meanwhile, total loan disbursement impacts Indonesia’s GDP directly and through the financial industry. In addition, financial services also contribute significantly to the national GDP. These results show that optimizing the economic impact of the financial sector depends on enhancing its capacity to respond to fintech innovation. The study suggests that policymakers, such as government officials and entrepreneurs, should prioritize improving financial sector integration to leverage the advantages of Fintech expansion for national economic growth.

Administration Cost and Domestic Financing in Nigeria (A Case Study of National Commission for Museum and Monuments Ile -Ife, Osun State)

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The study explored the administration cost and domestic financing in Nigeria with reference to organization of government departments and agencies regarded cost management. As regarded in this study, National Commission for Museum and Monuments Ile -Ife, Osun State was used as case study of a governmental Institution. Thus, 150 questionnaires were distributed among the museum staff in other stations and other government departments and agencies for a cross balancing of facts of the variables used in the study. Independent variable, proxied, (general administration cost) and dependent variable, proxied (internal loan). Structured questionnaire was employed as Primary data. Hypothesis was raised and tested. Chi-square statistics simple percentage, tabulation, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and SPSS were adopted. The study found that the Chi-Square statistics showed that general administration cost had a significant relationship on the internal loans of the Nigerian government. The study concluded that government administration cost had a significant impact on domestic financing of Nigerian government. The study recommended that national budget in running the administrative offices should be reduced and manage efficiently in order to curb excessive spending.

Laser Hermetic Welding in Implantable Medical Devices: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques, Parameters, Defects, and Reliability

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In order to protect delicate microelectronic devices from moisture-related malfunctions when exposed to the internal environment of the human body, hermetic sealing is necessary for implantable medical devices (IMDs). Due to its accuracy, automation potential, and low heat effect, laser hermetic welding has become the most popular joining technique in the manufacturing of medical devices. The application of laser hermetic welding to IMDs is thoroughly examined in this review, with particular attention paid to welding methods, crucial process variables, weld flaws, and hermeticity testing. It also describes present issues and potential paths forward for improving device performance, dependability, and miniaturization. For engineers, researchers, and manufacturers of medical devices looking to maximize hermetic packaging techniques, the review is a technical resource.

Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L.) as An Anti-Inflammatory Agent for Oral Mucosa: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

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Matricaria chamomilla L. commonly known as chamomile is a medicinal herb widely recognized for its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the therapeutic potential of chamomile in managing oral mucosal inflammation, emphasizing its pharmacological mechanisms and clinical efficacy. Chamomile’s major bioactive compounds including flavonoids such as apigenin and essential oils like chamazulene and α-bisabolol modulate key inflammatory pathways by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and regulating NF-κB activity. These effects collectively reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbial colonization in oral tissues. Clinical trials demonstrate chamomile’s efficacy in reducing symptoms and accelerating healing in conditions such as oral mucositis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and gingivitis. Given its favourable safety profile and multi-targeted mechanisms, chamomile represents a promising natural adjunct or alternative in oral healthcare. Further standardized clinical research is warranted to optimize its therapeutic use.

Water Quality and Microbial analysis of water collected from the ponds nearby a Cement Plant through WQI and PCA

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The present paper aims to analyze the water quality from the samples collected from the periphery of one of the cement plants located in Bhilai. Three different samples were collected in the summer season, covering the area around the cement plant considered. The samples were characterized by means of physicochemical parameters such as pH, TDS (mg/L), Turbidity (NTU), Total alkalinity (mg/L), Chloride (mg/L), Total hardness (mg/L), Fluoride (mg/L), and Nitrate (mg/L).  The Water Quality Index (WQI) for the 03 samples collected was done and was found to be 166.264, 22.207, and 46.997, respectively. The dependency of WQI on various physicochemical parameters, along with the interdependency between the individual parameters, was analyzed using the loading plot obtained using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It could be noticed that pH and fluoride contribute more to WQI in comparison to the other parameters included in this study. Z-score variance was also plotted to analyze the comparative stretching of the values of various individual parameters recorded. In addition, microbiological analysis was conducted using serial dilution, culturing, Gram staining, and biochemical testing. The presence of Bacillus spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Micrococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus aureus was detected, indicating microbial contamination and possible health risks.

Isolation and Morphological Characterization of Actinomycetes from Industrial Soils and Analysis of Their Biodiversity

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The industrial area of Bhilai was selected for soil sampling, and samples were collected from various sites. Soils near industries are affected by industrial effluents. The industrial impact on soil is primarily through chemical contamination, physical alterations, and changes in microbial communities. Five soil samples were collected from chemical, iron, and steel manufacturing regions, highlighting the diverse impacts of these industries on soil health. These samples will undergo rigorous analysis to determine the extent of contamination and assess the overall ecological risk posed to the surrounding environment. Industries are located in different areas. Soil samples were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties using standard methods. A total of 29 isolates were obtained from different soil samples. The isolates were characterized primarily by their morphology, which included size, shape, configuration, elevation, margin, pigmentation, and the presence or absence of aerial and substrate mycelia. This study provides detailed and analytical information on the distribution of actinomycetes in industrial soil. The results also revealed their ability to produce secondary metabolites that inhibit microbial growth.

Collaborating Decision-Making to Enhance Human Relations for a High Level of Administrative Efficiency

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The objective of this study was to evaluate how the implementation of a proper decision-making policy will improve human relations on a high level of administrative efficiency in line with existing policies, strategies, and standards which ensure a sustainable process to achieve an efficient and effective role in both performance management and goal achievement in the system. This inquiry used the descriptive method. The designed research instrument consists of twenty (20) highly structured questions in decision-making, which identifies four variables differentiating among types of decision, determining the amount and type of information needed, establishing priorities for action, and anticipating consequences, and twenty (20) predetermined statements on improving human relations that will determines another four variables such are: develop rapport, build trust and confidence, openness and transparency. Purposive sampling was utilized for the school heads. Selected respondents were the thirty-eight (38) school heads from junior high schools and two hundred seventy-eight (278) teachers from Division of Lanao del Norte teaching junior high schools. The study revealed a correlation between decision-making to improve human interactions and a high level of administrative efficiency. This suggests that the two variables reported by school managers and teachers are modestly connected. This demonstrates that the two groups’ reactions to decisions aimed at improving human connections have been modestly connected.