Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil into Biofuel through CeO₂-Based Oxide Catalysts (CeO₂-La₂O₃-NiO)

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The CeO₂-based oxide catalysts (CeO₂-La₂O₃-NiO) were successfully synthesized with different concentrations of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The resulting materials underwent characterization through various techniques, including TGA, XRD, FTIR, TEM, FESEM-EDX, and N₂ adsorption-desorption. XRD characterization revealed that the CeO₂ phase was a stable compound in all synthesized products. The semi-batch reactor was operated for 4 hours at 360 °C for the deoxidation reaction of used cooking oil using 1 wt% product catalyst. Deoxygenation occurred perfectly in the sample using BCOe-12.5 wt% MCC catalyst, resulting in 99% hydrocarbon selectivity and yielding 46% liquid product. These findings underscore the effectiveness of CeO₂-based oxides (CeO₂-La₂O₃-NiO) as promising catalysts for biofuel synthesis.

Impact of ICT on Teaching Learning of Biological Science at The Secondary Level

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Science and ICT are two important aspects of School education. Science deals with creative thoughts, ideas, problem-solving, critical analysis, and experimental practices.  Whereas ICT  in education refers to the use of information and communication technologies to improve teaching and learning processes. This includes a broad range of digital tools, platforms, and resources that can maintain various aspects of education. It supports experiential learning where students discover their interests, and abilities and learn through their own experiences. Biology as a branch of Science is generally taught with a concrete commitment to its disciplinary strength having its core elements and definite perimeter. The present article was an attempt to discuss the impact of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) on teaching learning of Biological science and its importance in better-understanding concepts of Biological Science at the secondary level. The audio-video content and virtual lab activities were used in teaching-learning strategies. The study was experimental and primary data were used for analysis of the study.

The Effectiveness of Good Corporate Governance in Reducing the Risk of Fraudulent Financial Reporting

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This study aims to examine the effectiveness of good corporate governance as proxied by the independent board, audit committee, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership in reducing the risk of fraudulent financial reporting in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2024. The analysis was conducted on 39 companies that met the research criteria, resulting in a total of 195 samples. Hypothesis testing was performed using multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of the Eviews 12 software. The results indicate that the independent board has a negative and significant effect on the risk of fraudulent financial reporting, while managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect. In contrast, the audit committee and institutional ownership do not have a significant effect. Furthermore, the F-test shows that the independent variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the dependent variable. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2), 36.43% of the variation in the dependent variables can be explained by the independent variables.

The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by Star Tree Media on Learning Outcomes on The Material of Adding Numbers 1-10 Grade One Elementary School

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Learning (PBL) assisted by Star Tree media on learning outcomes on the material of adding numbers 1-10 in grade one elementary school. The background of the study is based on the low achievement of learning outcomes in learning mathematics in low grades, especially in addition material. This research used quasi-experiment method with posttest control group design. The research subjects were first grade students of SDN Senduro 01 consisting of 45 students, with details of 22 students as the experimental group and 23 students as the control group. The instruments used were learning outcomes test. The data were analyzed using Independent Samples t-test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant effect of the application of PBL model assisted by Star Tree media on learning outcomes. This finding shows that the integration of the PBL model with concrete visual media such as Star Tree can increase the effectiveness of mathematics learning in early grades. This research provides a theoretical contribution to the development of learning models that are in accordance with the cognitive development stage of elementary school students and provides practical alternatives for teachers in improving the quality of learning.

Survey on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) – Evolution, Social Networking, Application Use Cases and Future Considerations

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The increase in the use of mobile devices has sparked a corresponding increase in the number of mobile applications particularly in the social space. In this paper, we present a concise survey of the evolution of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETS) considering a variety of application-specific areas and research projects. In particular, the problems faced by the application of MANETs in social space are confronted from several architectural specific domains such as the Peer2Peer (P2P), Client-Server, and Decentralized modes. Suggestions for future improvements are equally provided in this short discourse.

Disparities in Village Apparatus Human Resources in Public Service Delivery in Bone Subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency

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This study aims to analyze disparities in the human resources (HR) of village apparatus in public service delivery in Bone Subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency, using the Human Capital Resources (HCR) framework with indicators of Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Experience (KSAE). A qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model by Miles and Huberman, comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal: First, in terms of knowledge, officials in Monano and Ilohuuwa Villages generally understand public service regulations and basic administrative procedures. However, in Waluhu Village, understanding of regulations is limited and not supported by an adequate internal training system. Second, regarding skills, operational competencies in using digital tools and village administration systems remain challenging, especially in Waluhu. Training has been unevenly distributed and not all relevant personnel have participated. Meanwhile, Monano Village is more adaptive to digital systems and efficient in financial reporting. Third, in the abilities aspect, village officials’ capacity to respond to emergencies and adapt to policy changes remains ad hoc and lacks standardized operating procedures (SOPs). Officials also tend to react rather than proactively address policy directives. Fourth, in terms of experience, most officials have served for over five years and have prior work experience outside the village (e.g., as surveyors or entrepreneurs). However, there is no structured system for transferring experience to new personnel, and learning remains informal and unstructured.

Optimization Strategy for Land Parcel Surveying and Mapping Services at the Land Office of Gorontalo City

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This study aims to analyze and design an optimization strategy for land parcel surveying and mapping services at the Land Office of Gorontalo City using three key indicators: Goal Indicator, Decision Alternative Indicator, and Resource Constraint Indicator. A qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, field observations, and reviews of policy documents and service implementation reports. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. A SWOT analysis was also applied. The research findings show that (1) Strategic goals are achieved through the implementation of the 2021 Technical Guidelines, which emphasize risk mitigation, daily monitoring and weekly evaluations, and outreach through both in-person and online channels such as social media and public service applications; (2) Decision alternatives have been implemented, including technology-based service innovations (e.g., the Statif application), the use of modern surveying tools such as GNSS, geospatial information systems, and human resource competency training via PPSDM ATR/BPN; (3) Resource constraints include the limited number of competent personnel, inadequate infrastructure and survey equipment, low public understanding of service procedures, and minimal budget allocation; (4) The optimization strategy is positioned in the SO (aggressive) quadrant, leveraging internal strengths and external opportunities to the fullest. Digital innovation, cross-sector collaboration, and routine evaluation systems are the core components of this strategy. However, due to the balance between strengths and weaknesses, a turnaround approach is also necessary to gradually and sustainably address internal barriers.

The Development of Angngaru Poetry Reading Ability in Elementary School Students of SD Bontokamase, Gowa Regency

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Gowa Regency boasts a diverse range of tribes, races, faiths, cultures, and dialects, but this does not prevent the people of Gowa from coming together. In this case, the Makassarese regional language serves as a means of unification. Aru (Angngaru) has traditionally been an art that involves regional poetry, notably giving an oath of allegiance before the king, and is now being implemented for elementary school students to adults to promote Makassar language arts. The ability to read Angngaru poetry in Poetry Development for Class Va Students of SD (Elementary School) Bontokamase in Gowa Regency is important. This research aims 1) to show the meaning of Angngaru poetry in class Va of SD Bontokamase, Gowa Regency, 2) to describe the poetry reading ability of Angngaru students in class Va of SD Bontokamase, Gowa Regency in reciting the array. This research used a quantitative descriptive and only wanted to see the ability to read Angngaru poetry for each student to pay attention to how to pronounce it in the Makassar language. Some raters are involved in this research to give the score for students’ performance. Quantitative research methods can be interpreted as research methods based on natural object conditions because researchers act as key instruments. The population in this research was Class VA students at SD Bontokamase, Gowa Regency, and the samples were 37 students, consisting of 20 female and 17 male students. The research results on students’ ability to read Angngaru poetry are very good, and they can show the meaning very well. Based on the Angngaru participants in this research, it can be used as a pilot for other classes and between schools. 37 out of 40 students who were trained to read Angngaru properly, on average, were able to read and express Angngaru poetry well.

Optimizing Marketing Strategy to Improve Heavy Equipment Sales Performance in the Coal Mining Sector: Evidence from PT United Tractors West Sumatra

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This study investigates the impact of strategic marketing optimization on the sales performance of heavy equipment in the coal mining sector, focusing on PT United Tractors West Sumatra. Employing a quantitative approach, the research examines key factors such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM), customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty, and their interrelationships in influencing sales outcomes. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to corporate clients and sales representatives within the region. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data and test the hypothesized relationships. The findings reveal that while CRM significantly enhances customer satisfaction, its direct effect on sales performance is not statistically significant. Conversely, customer satisfaction strongly influences customer loyalty, which in turn has a significant positive effect on sales performance. The study highlights the complexity of the B2B heavy equipment market, where factors such as long purchasing cycles, after-sales service, and relationship management play crucial roles. Practical implications suggest that PT United Tractors should prioritize integrated marketing strategies that enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty through personalized service, value co-creation, and responsive support. This research contributes to the academic literature by providing empirical evidence on the nuanced roles of CRM and customer-centric strategies in optimizing sales performance in industrial markets.

Production Performance of Broiler Farms with Partnership Model in Malang District

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Broiler farming has an essential role in meeting national protein needs and improving the economic resilience of rural communities. The partnership pattern between farmers and core companies is the dominant system in broiler business management in East Java Province, especially Malang District. The study aimed to evaluate the production performance and financial efficiency of broiler farms in the partnership system. The research was conducted using a case study approach and quantitative methods with 75 farmers from Dunia Makmur Sejahtera’s plasma partners, spread across twelve districts. Respondents varied in age, education, farming experience, and scale of chicken population categorized into three business strata. Production performance indicators analyzed included feed conversion ratio (FCR), average body weight (ABW), mortality rate, harvest age, and performance index (IP). The financial evaluation included total cost, revenue, profit per cycle, and revenue to cost ratio (R/C ratio). Results showed that the average FCR was 1.79, ABW was 2.13 kg, depletion rate was 4.5%, and IP value reached 325. Based on stratification analysis, large-scale farms (Stratum III) showed better technical performance and financial efficiency than small and medium-scale strata. Financial efficiency was generally low with an average R/C ratio of 0.87. This suggests that despite promising technical performance, farmers still face serious challenges in achieving sustainable profitability. These findings emphasize the importance of improved feeding management, enhanced biosecurity and a re-evaluation of partnership contract schemes that are more equitable, especially for small and medium-scale farmers, to improve broiler performance and profitability in the future.